List of contemporary ethnic groups of Asia


The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups of Asia. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Asia here is considered to be approximately delimited from Oceania by the Weber Line in Wallacea located east of the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi, the Sula Archipelago, East Nusa Tenggara, and Barat Daya. It is delineated from Europe by Anatolia at the border between the Kocaeli and Istanbul Provinces, the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles, and the Aegean Islands, with those administered by Turkey being considered part of Asia and those by Greece being part of Europe; by the Greater Caucasus mountains with the North Caucasus being part of Europe and the South Caucasus being part of Asia; by Siberia at the border of the Volga, Northwestern, and Ural federal districts; and by Asian Kazakhstan at the border of the West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions to the west and the Aktobe and Mangystau regions to the east and south. It is delimited from Africa by the Red Sea, Suez Canal, Bab-el-Mandeb, and Gulf of Aden; and from North America by the Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait, and Bering Sea along the Baker-Shevardnadze line. This does not fully align with conventional delimitations of Asia and is used primarily as a matter of convenience, as many publications about ethnic groups will only specify locations down to provinces, making more precise delimitation impractical.

Ethnic groups

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.
EthnicityLanguagePrimary homelandSubgroups, tribes & castesReligion
AbkhaziansNorthwest Caucasian → Abazgi → AbkhazGeorgia Sadz, Afro-Abkhazians, Byzb, Abzhui, SamurzakanChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Abkhazian Orthodoxy
Islam → Sunnism
AcehneseAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → AcehneseIndonesia Islam → Sunnism
AdiSino-Tibetan → Tani → Adi, Padam, BoriIndia, China Padam, BoriDonyi-Polo; Christianity; Buddhism
Afghan QizilbashIndo-European → Iranian → Dari
Historically Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen
Afghanistan Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism
Afghan TatarsTurkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Afghan Tatar
Indo-European → Iranian → Dari, Pashto
Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen
Afghanistan Islam → Sunnism → Hanafism
Afro-EmiratisAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Gulf Arabic → Emirati ArabicUnited Arab EmiratesIslam
Afro-IraniansIndo-European → Iranian → PersianIran Islam → Shia Islam
Afro-IraqisAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Mesopotamian ArabicIraq Islam → Shia Islam
Afro-JordaniansAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Levantine Arabic → Jordanian ArabicJordanIslam
Afro-OmanisAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Gulf Arabic → Omani ArabicOmanIslam
Afro-PalestiniansAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Levantine Arabic → Palestinian ArabicPalestineIslam, Christianity
Afro-SaudisAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Hejazi ArabicSaudi Arabia Islam
Afro-TurksTurkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Anatolian TurkishTurkeyIslam
AhomsKra–Dai → Tai → AhomIndia Hinduism, Ahom religion
AimaqIndo-European → Iranian → AimaqAfghanistanAimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Aimaq Kipchaks, Timuri, TaymaniIslam → Sunni Islam
AinusAinu → Hokkaido Ainu
Historically Ainu → [Sakhalin Ainu languages|Ainu language|Sakhalin Ainu], Kuril Ainu
Japan, Russia, Kuril Islands Hokkaido Ainus, Tokyo Ainus, Sakhalin Ainus, Russian AinusAnimism → Ainu folk religion
Buddhism → Nichiren Shōshū
Shinto
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
AkhaSino-Tibetan → Loloish → AkhaChina AkeuAnimism
AkhdamAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Yemeni ArabicYemenIslam
AkhvakhsNortheast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → AkhvakhAzerbaijan Islam
AleutsEskaleut → AleutAleutian Islands Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
AltaiansTurkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai
Turkic → [Siberian Turkic languages|Turkic languages|Siberian Turkic] → Northern Altai
Russia, Mongolia, China Altai faith
AlyutorsChukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → AlyutorRussia Shamanism; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
AmisAustronesian → East Formosan → AmisTaiwan Animism, Christianity
Aneuk JamèëAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Minangkabau → JameeIndonesia Islam
Anglo-BurmeseIndo-European → Germanic → English
Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Burmese
Sino-Tibetan → Karenic → Karen
MyanmarChristianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism
Buddhism
Anglo-IndiansIndo-Europeans → Germanic → EnglishIndiaSignificant populations in BangladeshChristianity
ArabsAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Arabic
Arab Sign languages
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign
Kafr Qasem Sign
DGSic → Israeli Sign
Historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Shirvani Arabic
West Asia,Bedouins, Israeli Arabs, Palestinians, Egyptian Arabs, Iranian Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arab Christians, Alawites, Druze, Hadharem, Mhallami, Baharna Arab-Persians, diaspora populations in the Caucasus, Turkey, Pakistan, India, the PhilippinesIslam
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy
Christianity → Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
Druzism
AranadansDravidian → Malayalamoid → EranadanIndia Hinduism
ArmeniansIndo-European → Armenian
Armenian Sign
Historically Harsneren
Armenian highlands, Azerbaijan, GeorgiaTurkish Armenians, Armeno-Tats, Zoks, Hayhurum, Karabakhis and historically Udis and Turkic peoples who adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with significant populations in Cyprus, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Singapore, Israel and PalestineChristianity → Oriental Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Armenian Catholicism
AssameseIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Assamese
Historically Sino-Tibetan → Chutia
India Assamese Brahmins, Kalitas, Kaibartas, Assamese Muslims, ChutiasHinduism
AssyriansAfroasiatic → West Semitic → AramaicAssyrian homeland Assyrian tribes, Citadel Christians, Mhallami, Chaldean CatholicsChristianity → Syriac Christianity
AsursAustroasiatic → Munda → Asur–BirjiaIndia Bir, Asur, Birjia, AgariaAnimism and Hinduism → Asur religion
AtayalsAustronesian → Atayalic → Atayal
Japonic → Japanese-based creole → Yilan Creole Japanese
TaiwanAnimism, Christianity
AtiAti languagePhilippines Animism; Christianity
AtoniAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Uab Meto–AmarasiIndonesia, East Timor AmarasiChristianity
AvarsNortheast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Avar
Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Archi
Azerbaijan, Turkey, GeorgiaArchis, Kvareli AvarsIslam → Sunni Islam
AwadhisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → AwadhiIndia Hinduism
ÄynuTurkic and Indo-European → Uyghur and Persian → Äynu
Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur
China Islam → Shi'ism → Alevism
AzerbaijanisTurkic → Oghuz → Azeri, Afshar, Sonqori, Turkmen → Ersari
Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign → Azerbaijani Sign
Azerbaijan, Iran, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Russia Ayrums, Baharlu, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Küresünni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Karapapakhs, Yeraz, Dagestani Azerbaijanis, Afghan Qizilbash, Iranian Azeris along with significant populations in Georgia, and historically ArmeniaIslam → Shi'ism
BadagasDravidian → Badaga–Kannada → BadagaIndia Hinduism
BahnarAustroasiatic → Bahnaric → BahnarVietnam Animism
BaiSino-Tibetan → Macro-Bai → BaiChina Buddhism; Benzhuism; Taoism
BakarwalIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari → BakarwalIndia or Pakistan Islam
BalangaoAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → BalangaoPhilippines Anitism
Bali AgaAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Balinese → Bali Aga BalineseIndonesia Hinduism → Folk Hinduism
BalineseAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → BalineseIndonesia Hinduism → Balinese Hinduism
BalochsIndo-European → Iranian → BalochiBalochistan, Iran, Afghanistan )Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, Kunara, Langhani, Lango, Lashkrani, Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, Mirali, Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, Nothazai, Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, Sadozai, Sethwi, Shaikhzadah, Talpur, Tauki, Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, Punjabi Balochs, Sindhi Balochs, Uttar Pradeshi Baluchs, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates, IranIslam → Sunni Islam
BaltisSino-Tibetan → Tibetic → BaltiPakistan Islam → Shi'ism
BamarsSino-Tibetan → Burmish → Burmese
Historically Sino-Tibetan → Burmish → Hpon
MyanmarBamars proper, Taungyo, Yaw, Yabein, Anglo-BurmeseBuddhism → Theravada Buddhism; Burmese folk religion
BanjaraIndo-European → Rajasthani → LambadiIndia Hinduism
BanjarsAustronesian → Malayic → BanjareseIndonesia Islam → Sunnism
BasseriIndo-European → Iranian → BasseriIran Islam → Shia Islam
BataksAustronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → BatakIndonesia Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, SingkilChristianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Islam → Sunnism
Malim, Pemena
BatekAustroasiatic → Asilan → BatekMalaysia Animism
BazigarIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → BazigarIndia, Pakistan Hinduism
BengalisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali, Sylheti, Chittagonian, Noakhali
Indo-Pakistani–Nepali Sign → Indo-Pakistani Sign → Bengali Sign
Bengal Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Bengali Buddhists, Bengali Christians, Bangals, Ghotis, Shershabadia, MahimalIslam → Sunnism
Hinduism → Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Hindu atheism
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Buddhism → Theravada
BetawisAustronesian → Malay-based creole → BetawiIndonesia Islam → Sunni Islam
BhilsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → BhilIndia Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri, BagdiHinduism
BhojpurisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → BhojpuriIndia, NepalPaswan, TeliHinduism, Jainism
BhumijsAustroasiatic → Munda → BhumijIndia Sarnaism
BicolanosAustronesian → Philippine → BikolPhilippines Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, AlbayanonChristianity → Catholicism
BidayuhAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land DayakMalaysia Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar–Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, SanggauChristianity
BimaneseAustronesian → Malayo-Polyneisan → BimaIndonesia Islam
BisayasAustronesian → Dusunic → Sabah Bisaya, Brunei BisayaBrunei, Malaysia Sabah Bisaya, Brunei BisayaIslam, Christianity
BishnupriyasIndo-European → Bengali-based creole → Bishnupriya ManipuriIndia, BangladeshHinduism → Vaishnavism
BlaanAustronesian → Philippine → BlaanPhilippines Anitism
BontocAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Bontoc, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
BoroSino-Tibetan → Sal → BoroIndia MechBathouism, Hinduism
BouyeiKra–Dai → Tai → BouyeiChina Moism
BrahuisDravidian → [Northern Dravidian languages|Dravidian languages|Northern Dravidian] → BrahuiPakistan Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal, SasoliIslam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
BruAustroasiatic → Katuic → BruLaos, Vietnam Satsana Phi, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
BudukhsNortheast Caucasian → Lezgic → BudukhAzerbaijan Islam → Sunni Islam
BugineseAustronesian → South Sulawesi → BugineseIndonesia Islam, Christianity, folk religion
BugkalotAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Bugkalot, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
BugunSino-Tibetan → Kho-Bwa → BugunIndia Donyi-Polo, Hinduism, Christianity
BunakTrans–New Guinea → Timor–Alor–Pantar → BunakIndonesia, East TimorChristianity → Catholicism
BununAustronesian → BununTaiwan Animism, Christianity
BurushosBurushaskiPakistan Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism
BuryatsMongolic → Central Mongolic → Buryat, Khalkha → Sartul, TsongolRussia, China, MongoliaBargaBuddhism → Tibetan Buddhism; Shamanism → Mongolian shamanism; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
ButoneseAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Buton, WolioIndonesia Islam
Chaharmahali TurksTurkic → Oghuz → Chaharmahali TurkicIran Islam → Shi'ism → Twelver Shi'ism
ChakmasIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → ChakmaBangladesh Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
ChamsAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → ChamicChampa, China Churu, Jarai, Rade, Raglai, UtsulsIslam → Sunnism, Shi'ism → Bani Islam
Hinduism
ChechensNortheast Caucasian → Nakh → ChechenGeorgia, Turkey, Iraq Kists, Chechen Kurds, Terloys, other teips, with significant populations in Jordan, Syria, TurkeyIslam → Sunnism
Historically Vainakh religion
ChelkansTurkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → ChelkanRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Burkhanism, Shamanism
ChepangSino-Tibetan → Chepangic → ChepangNepalHinduism
Chinese TatarsTurkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Chinese Tatar
Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Mandarin
China Islam → Sunnism
Cho RoAustroasiatic → Bahnaric → ChrauVietnam Animism
Buddhism → Theravada
CholanaikkansDravidian → South Dravidian I → CholanaikkanIndia Animism
ChuanqingSino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Mandarin Chinese → Southwestern MandarinChina Ethnic religion
ChukchisChukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → ChukchiRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Shamanism
ChulymsTurkic → Siberian Turkic → ChulymRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
ChuvansIndo-European → Slavic → Russian; Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi; historically Yukaghir → ChuvanRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Cina KampungKra–Dai, Austronesian, and Sino-Tibetan → Southern Thai, Kelantan–Pattani Malay, and Hokkien → Kelantan Peranakan HokkienMalaysia Buddhism and Chinese folk religion → Theravada and Chinese ancestor worship → Cina Kampung religion
CireboneseAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Javanese → CireboneseIndonesia Islam
DamiaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → DameliPakistan Islam
DaursMongolic → DagurChina Shamanism
DeccanisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → DeccaniIndia Hyderabadi MuslimsIslam → Sunnism → Sufism
Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
DhimalSino-Tibetan → Dhimalish → DhimalNepalHinduism, Kiratism
DograsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → DogriIndia Hinduism
DolanTurkic → Karluk → UyghurChina Awat Dolan, Yarkand Dolan, Tarim Dolan, Lop Nur DolanIslam → Sunni Islam
DolgansTurkic → Siberian Turkic → DolganRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
DomsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Domari, GarachiAzerbaijan, Middle EastGarachi, with significant populations in Egypt, Israel, Libya, SyriaIslam, Judaism
DongxiangsMongolic → Shirongolic → SantaChina Islam → Sunnism
DublaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → DubliIndia Hinduism
DukhaTurkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → DukhanMongolia Shamanism → Dukha indigenous religion
East Indian CatholicsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → East Indian MarathiIndia Christianity → Catholicism → Latin Catholicism
EgyptiansAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Egyptian Arabic
Historically Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Coptic Egyptian Sign
Egypt CoptsIslam → Sunni Islam
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy
Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism
EnetsUralic → Samoyedic → EnetsRussia Shamanism
Eurasian SingaporeansIndo-European → Germanic → EnglishSingaporeChristianity
EvenksTungusic → Northern Tungusic → EvenkiRussia, ChinaShamanism
EvensTungusic → Northern Tungusic → Even
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Yakut
Historically Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Arman
Russia Tungus, Tiugesir, Memel', Buiaksir, ArmanShamanism
[Fuyu Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz people|Fuyu Kyrgyz]Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Fuyu KyrgyzChina Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism
GaddangAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → GaddangPhilippines Ga'dang, Gaddang proper, Yogad, Maddukayang, Katalangan, IrayaChristianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
GarhwalisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → GarhwaliIndia Hinduism
GarosSino-Tibetan → Sal → GaroIndia Christianity, Songsarek
GayoneseAustronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → GayoIndonesia Islam
GelaoKra–Dai → Kra → GelaoChina Taoism, Buddhism
GeorgiansKartvelian languages
Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Bats
Georgian Sign
Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey Adjarians, Bats, Gurians, Imeretians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Javakhians, Kakhetians, Khevsurians, Meskhetians, Mingrelians, Mokheves, Mtiuletians, Pshavs, Rachians, Svans, Tushetians, Chveneburi, with significant populations in Turkey and IranChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Georgian Orthodoxy
GhorbatiIndo-European → Iranian → Persian, GhorbatiCentral AsiaMugatsIslam → Shia Islam
GilaksIndo-European → Iranian → GilakiIran Islam → Twelver Shi’ism
GondsDravidian → GondiIndia Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, KoyaHinduism, Koyapunem
GorontaloAustronesian → Philippine → Gorontaloan
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Gorontalo Malay
Indonesia PolahiIslam → Sunni Islam
Great AndamaneseGreat AndamaneseIndia Animism
GreeksIndo-European → Hellenic
Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Karamanli Turkish, Tsalka
Cypriot Sign
Cyprus, Turkey, Egypt, the South Caucasus, and surrounding regionsGreek Cypriots, Asia Minor Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks, Greek Muslims, Phanariots, Egyptian Greeks, Caucasus Greeks, Sfakians, along with significant populations in Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, EgyptChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism
historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
GujaratiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → GujaratiIndia Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Bohras, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Padhar, Gujarati AmericansHinduism, Islam, Jainism
GurjarsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → GujariPakistan, India, AfghanistanKhatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc.Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
GurungsSino-Tibetan → GurungNepal, India Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, Hinduism
Han ChineseSino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese
CSLic languages
JSLic → Taiwan Sign
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manglish, Singlish, Hong Kong English
Austronesian → Malayic → Bazaar Malay → Baba Malay
Austronesian → Murutic–Papar–Tatana → Tatana
historically Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Ba–Shu
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Chinese Pidgin English
Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
China, Taiwan, Singapore, Myanmar, MalaysiaSubei, Yue, Hongkongers, Tankas, Màirén, Hui, [Min Chinese language|Chinese speakers|Fujianese], Gaoshan Han, Gan, Tunbao, Pinghua, Hakka, Hainanese, Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu, Kokang Chinese, Han Taiwanese, Sino-Singaporeans, along with significant populations in Mongolia, Malaysia, and Peranakans ), Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, Russia, Korea, India, Laos, Cambodia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, EgyptChinese folk religion, Buddhism → Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Irreligion
HaniSino-Tibetan → Loloish → HaniChina Animism
Ḫawlan bin ʾAmirAfroasiatic → Sayhadic → Razihi, FaifiYemen, Saudi Arabia Razihis, FaifisIslam → Shia Islam → Zaydism
HazarasIndo-European → Iranian → HazaragiAfghanistan Islam
HelongAustronesian → Timoric → HelongIndonesia Christianity
HindustaniIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani, Rajasthani, Bihari, Central PahariHindustani Belt, Pakistan, Deccan, Old DhakaUrdu-speaking people, Hindi-speaking people, Rajasthanis, BiharisHinduism, Islam
HmongHmong–Mien → HmongicChina A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-HngHmong folk religion
HrusoSino-Tibetan → Hrusish → HrusoIndia Hinduism, Buddhism, Nyezi-No
IbanAustronesian → Malayic → IbanMalaysia MualangChristianity
IbanagAustronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → IbanagPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism
IbaloiAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesaian → Ibaloi, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
IfugaoAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Ifugao, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
Ili TurksTurkic → Karluk → Ili TurkiChina, KazakhstanIslam → Sunni Islam
IlocanoAustronesian → Philippine → IlocanoPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism
IndosIndo-European → Germanic → Dutch; Austronesian → Malayic → Indonesian–Malaysian Malay → IndonesianIndonesiaChristianity
Indus KohistanisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Indus KohistaniPakistan Islam → Sunni Islam
IranunAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → IranunPhilippines Islam → Sunni Islam
IsnagAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Isnag, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
ItawesAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → ItawisPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism
ItelmensChukotko-Kamchatkan → Kamchatkan → ItelmenRussia Shamanism
ItnegAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Itneg, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
IvatansAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → IvatanPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism
JadgalsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → JadgaliBalochistan, OmanSardarzahi, Bizenjo, Zehri, Sasoli, Mengal, Mir, HootIslam → Sunni Islam
JambianAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → JambianIndonesia BatinSunni Islam
Japanese/YamatoJaponic → Japanese, Hachijō
JSLic → Japanese Sign
Miyakubo Sign Language
JapanKantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Hichiku, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Umpaku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, Miyakubo, Tsugaru, and Nikkei Brazilians in Japan, along with significant populations in Russia, China, Turkey, Egypt, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, and the Philippines.Irreligion, Shinto, Tenrikyo, Buddhism; Christianity → Catholicism → Kakure and Hanure Krishitanity
JaraiAustronesian → Chamic → JaraiVietnam Animism
JarawasOngan → JarawaIndia Animism
JavaneseAustronesian → JavaneseIndonesia Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Banyumasan, Mataram, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Indonesians in Singapore, Suriname, China, Sri Lanka, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Saudi ArabiaIslam → Sunni Islam; Sunni Islam + Hinduism + Buddhism + Animism → Kejawèn
JeksNortheast Caucasian → Lezgic → Jek; Turkic → Oghuz → AzeriAzerbaijan Islam → Sunni Islam
JewsAfroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew Jewish languages,
DGSic → Israeli Sign
IsraelAshkenazim, Assyrian Jews, Sephardim, Mizrahim, Afghan Jews, Baghdadi Jews, Teimanim, Romaniotes, Constantinopolitan Karaites, Bavlim, Gruzim, Bene Israel, Banu Israil, Kochinim, Israeli Jews, B'nai Moshe, Bnei Menashe, Desi Jews, Levites, Bene Ephraim, along with significant populations in Russia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, India Judaism
JingpoSino-Tibetan → Sal → JingphoChina, India, Myanmar Animism
JinoSino-Tibetan → Loloish → JinoChina Animism, Buddhism
Kadazan–DusunAustronesian → Southwest Sabahan → DusunicMalaysia Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, TambanuoChristianity, Momolianism
KalanguyaAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Kalanguya, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
KalashIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → KalashaPakistan Kalasha
KalinkaAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Kalinga, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
KalmyksMongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Sart KalmykKyrgyzstan Sart KalmyksBuddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
KangeaneseAustronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → KangeaneseIndonesia Kangean, Paliat, Sepanjang, Sabunten, SaobiIslam → Sunni Islam
KankanaeyAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Kankanaey, Ilocano, TagalogPhilippines Anitism
KannadigasDravidian → South Dravidian → KannadaIndia VokkaligaHinduism, Jainism
KapampangansAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → KapampanganPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Anitism
KarakalpaksTurkic → Kipchak → KarakalpakUzbekistan Qon'ırat, On To'rt UrıwIslam → Sunni Islam
KarbiSino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → KarbicIndia Hills Karbi, Amri KarbiHinduism, Animism, Christianity
KarenSino-Tibetan → KarenicMyanmar, ThailandS'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni, Pa'OBuddhism → Theravada Buddhism
KashmirisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → KashmiriKashmir Kashmiri Hindus, Punjabi KashmirisIslam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
KazakhsTurkic → Kipchak → Kazakh
Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign → Kazakh Sign
KazakhstanUly juz, Orta juz, Kishi juz. Significant populations in China, Iran, and RussiaIslam → Sunni Islam
KemakAustronesian → Timoric → KemakTimor Folk religion, Christianity
KenaboiKenaboiMalaysia Animism
KereksChukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → KerekRussia Shamanism
KerinciAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → KerinciIndonesia Sunni Islam
KetYeniseian → Northern Yeniseian → KetRussia Shamanism
KhakasTurkic → Siberian Turkic → KhakasRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Shamanism → Tengrism
KhalajTurkic → Common Turkic → KhalajIranIslam → Shia Islam
KhantyUralic → KhantyRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Bear worship
KhasIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → NepaliNepal, India Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, GandarbhaHinduism
KhasiAustroasiatic → Khasi–Palaungic → KhasicIndia PnarChristianity
KhinalugsNortheast Caucasian → KhinalugAzerbaijan Islam → Sunni Islam
KhmerAustroasiatic → KhmerCambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom, Cardamom Khmers, Khmer KheBuddhism → Theravada Buddhism
KhondsDravidian → KuiIndia Hinduism
Khorasani TurksTurkic → Oghuz → Khorasani TurkicIran, TurkmenistanIslam → Shia Islam
KirantisSino-Tibetan → KirantiNepal Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha, Rai Kirat Mundhum
KochesSino-Tibetan → Sal → KochIndia, northern BangladeshAnimism
KodavaDravidian → Tamil–Kodava–Urali → KodavaIndia Hinduism
Konda ReddisDravidian → South-Central Dravidian → TeluguIndia Hinduism
KonkaniIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → KonkaniIndia Goan Catholics, Mangalorean CatholicsHinduism
Christianity → Catholicism
KoreansKoreanic languages
JSLic → Korean Sign
Korea, China North Koreans, South Koreans, Jeju Islanders, Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, Zainichi Koreans, Chaoxianzu and along with significant populations in Russia, China, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Iran, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, India, the Arab worldChristianity → Protestantism, Catholicism
Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism → Korean Buddhism
Korean shamanism, Cheondoism, Unification Church, Juche
KoryaksChukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → KoryakRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism
KristangIndo-European → Portuguese-based creole → KristangMalaysia, SingaporeChristianity → Catholicism
KrytsNortheast Caucasian → Lezgic → KrytsAzerbaijanIslam → Sunnism
KumandinsTurkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → KumandyRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
KumaonisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → KumaoniIndia, Nepal Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rhau-Chaubyansi, Sirali, SoriyaliHinduism, Buddhism
KumzariIndo-European → Iranian → KumzariOman Islam → Ibadism, Sunnism
KurdsIndo-European → Iranian → Kurdish, Zaza–Gorani
Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic
Kurdish Sign
Kurdistan, South Caucasus Bajalan, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Mhallami, Chechen Kurds, Yazidis, Yarsanis, Kurdish Christians, Shabaks, Sheylanli, Chalabianlu, Muzuri, Caucasian Kurds, Khorasani Kurds along with significant populations in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Palestine, KazakhstanIslam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya
Islam → Alevism → Kurdish Alevism>br/> Yazidism, Yarsanism, Zoroastrianism
KurukhDravidian → North Dravidian → Kurukh
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Oraon Sadri
India KisanSarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism
KusundaKusundaNepal Animism, Hinduism, Buddhism
KyrgyzTurkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz
Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur → Akto
Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Sart Kalmyk
Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign
Kyrgyzstan, China, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan Sart Kalmyks, Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyz, Uzbekistani Kyrgyz, Pamir Kyrgyz, Chinese Kyrgyz, significant populations in TurkeyIslam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Tengrism
LadakhisSino-Tibetan → Tibetic → LadakhiIndia, China, Pakistan Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Islam → Shia Islam, Hinduism
LamaholotAustronesian → Flores–Lembata → LamaholotIndonesia Christianity → Catholicism
LampungsAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → LampungIndonesia Islam
LaoKra–Dai → Tai → Lao, IsanLaos, Thailand Isan, Lao Ga, Lao Krang, Lao Lom, Lao Loum, Lao Ngaew, Lao Song, Lao Ti, Lao WiangBuddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Satsana Phi
LazKartvelian → Zan → LazLazistan Turkish Laz, Georgian LazIslam → Sunnism
LepchasSino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → LepchaIndia, Nepal, Bhutan, China Buddhism, Mun, Christianity
LezginsNortheast Caucasian → Lezgic → LezgianLezgistan Azerbaijani LezginsIslam → Sunni Islam
LhobaSino-Tibetan → Adi, Bokar, Idu MishmiChina, India Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, AdiAnimism, Buddhism, Christianity
LhotshampaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → NepaliBhutanHinduism, Buddhism
LiKra–Dai → HlaiChina Islam → Sunnism
LisuSino-Tibetan → Loloish → LisuChina, MyanmarLipoChristianity → Protestantism → Lisu Christianity
LodhaAustroasiatic → Munda → LodhiIndia Lodha MuslimsHinduism, Islam
LomIndo-European → Armenian and Indo-Aryan → Lomavren
Indo-European → Armenian
Armenia, Georgia, TurkeyChristianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
LoriIndo-European → Iranian → Balochi
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saraiki
Balochistan Islam
LubuAustronesian → Malayic → LubuIndonesia Islam
LursIndo-European → Iranian → LuriIran Bakhtiari, Iranian LaksIslam → Shia Islam, Yarsanism
Luso-IndiansIndo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole, Korlai Portuguese Creole, Cochin Portuguese Creole
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani, Gujarati
Indo-European → Germanic → English
India Christianity → Catholicism; Hinduism
MacaneseIndo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Macanese Patois, Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → CantoneseChina Christianity → Catholicism
MadureseAustronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → MadureseIndonesia BoyaneseIslam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i
MagahiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → MagahiIndia Hinduism
MagarsSino-Tibetan → Mahakiranti → Magaric
Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Kaike
Nepal, India, BhutanVarious Magar clans Kham Magars, Kaike MagarsHinduism, Buddhism
MaguindanaoAustronesian → Philippine → MaguindanaoPhilippines Islam
MaharIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → MarathiIndia Buddhism → Navayana Buddhism
MaithilsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → MaithiliMithila Maithil BrahminsHinduism
MakassareseAustronesian → South Sulawesi → MakassareseIndonesia Islam → Sunni Islam
MalasarDravidian → Tamiloid → MalasarIndia Hinduism
MalayalisDravidian → Malayalamoid → MalayalamIndia Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Ezhava, Malabar Latin Catholics, Saint Thomas Christians along with significant populations in the Arab states of the Persian GulfHinduism, Islam, Christianity
MalayarayansDravidian → Malayalamoid → MalaryanIndia Hinduism
MalaysAustronesian → Malayic → Malaysian–Indonesian Malay, Brunei Malay, Jambi Malay, Pahang Malay, Terengganu Malay, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kedah Malay, Reman Malay
Francosign → ASLic → Malaysian Sign
Austronesian → Malay Creole → [Sri Lanka Malay language|Malay language|Sri Lanka Malay]
Malay world Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Loloan Malays, Proto-Malay Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays, Thai Malays, Burmese Malays, Sri Lanka Malays, BruneiansIslam → Sunnism
MaldiviansIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → MaldivianMaldives, India MahlsIslam → Sunnism
MambaiAustronesian → Timoric → MambaiEast Timor Christianity → Catholicism
ManchusTungusic → Southern Tungusic → ManchuRussia, China Significant populations in TaiwanShamanism
MandaeansAfroasiatic → West Semitic → MandaicIraq, Iran Mandaeism
MandareseAustronesian → South Sulawesi → MandarIndonesia Islam
ManggaraiAustronesian → Sumba–Flores → ManggaraiIndonesia Christianity
Malabar MuslimsDravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam → Arabi MalayalamIndia Mappilas, Thangals, Baramis, Themims, Pusalars, Ossans, Koyas, Kerala Gulf diasporaIslam → Sunnism
MannanDravidian → Tamiloid → MannanIndia Hinduism
MansiUralic → MansiRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Shamanism → Bear worship
MaranaoAustronesian → Philippine → MaranaoPhilippines Islam
MarathiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → MarathiIndia Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, BhoiHinduism, Jainism
MardijkersAustronesian → Malayic → Betawi, Malay → Indonesian
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese
Indonesia Christianity
MaronitesAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Lebanese Aramaic, Cypriot Arabic, Levantine ArabicLevant, CyprusSignificant populations in Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus and Israel along with the greater Lebanese diasporaChristianity → Maronite Catholicism
MatagiJaponic → Japanese → Tohoku → MatagiJapan Animism
MazandaranisIndo-European → Iranian → MazanderaniIran Islam → Shi'ism
MehriAfroasiatic → West Semetic → MehriOman, Yemen Islam
MeiteiSino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → MeiteiIndia LoiHinduism → Vaishnavism
MelanauAustronesian → Melanau–Kajang → MelanauMalaysia Islam
MienHmong–Mien → Mienic
Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Badong Yao, Shaozhou Tuhua, Xiangnan Tuhua, Yeheni
China, VietnamIu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon, San DiuYao folk religion
MinahasanAustronesian → Philippine → Minahasan; Austronesian → Malay Creole → Manado MalayIndonesia Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, TonseaChristianity → Protestantism
MinangkabauAustronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau, → Negeri Sembilan MalayIndonesia, Malaysia Islam → Sunnism
MisingSino-Tibetan → Tani → MisingIndia Donyi-Polo, Ekasarana Dharma
MogholsIndo-European → Iranian → Dari
Historically Mongolic → Moghol
AfghanistanNikudariIslam → Sunnism
MokenAustronesian → MokenThailand, Myanmar Buddhism
MonAustroasiatic → Monic → MonMyanmar Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
MongolsMongolic languages
Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Katso
Sino-Tibetan → Naic → Laze
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Mongolian Sign
Historically Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur → Khoton
Tungusic → Ewenic → Khamnigan Evenki
China, Mongolia, Russia Khalkha, Oirats, Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Khatso, Bonan, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Ordos, Darkhad, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Koke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Hishigten, Muumyangan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Sunud, Shar Darkhads, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Choros, Asud, with significant populations in India, South Korea, Japan, TaiwanBuddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
MongondowAustronesian → Philippine → MongondowIndonesia Islam → Sunnism
MosuoSino-Tibetan → Naish → NaChina Daba, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
MughalsIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani
Historically Indo-European → Iranian → Persian
India, Pakistan, BangladeshIslam
MuhajirIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → UrduPakistanIslam → Sunnism
MunaneseAustronesian → Celebic → MunaneseIndonesia Islam
MundasAustroasiatic → Munda → MundariIndia Sabar, MahaliSarnaism
MurutAustronesian → Southwest Sabahan → MuruticMalaysia Okolod, Keningau, Tagal, Paluan, Selungai, Timugon, Serudung, Sembakung, Tidong, Kalabakan, Bulungan, BookanChristianity → Catholicism
MuthuvansDravidian → Tamiloid → MuthuvanIndia Hinduism
NagasSino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga
Historically Angami Naga Sign
India, Myanmar Angami, Ao, Chakhesang, Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Mao, Maram, Maring, Nocte, Phom, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sumi, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tikhir, Wancho, Yimkhiung, Zeliangrong, Lamkang NagaChristianity → Protestantism → Baptism
NagpuriaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → NagpuriIndia Chik BaraikHinduism
NanaiTungusic → Nanaic → Nanai
Tungusic → Ewenic → Kili
Tungusic → Udegheic → Kilen
Russia, ChinaShamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
NegidalsTungusic → Northern Tungusic → NegidalRussia Shamanism
NenetsUralic → Samoyedic → NenetsNenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous OkrugForest Nenets, Tundra NenetsShamanism, Animism
NewarsSino-Tibetan → NewarNepal Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, ChitrakarHinduism
Buddhism → Vajrayana → Newar Buddhism
NgajuAustronesian → Barito → NgajuIndonesia Bakumpai, MeratusKaharingan
NgalopSino-Tibetan → Tibetic → DzongkhaBhutanKheng, BumthangBuddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
NganasansUralic → Samoyedic → Nganasan; historically Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Taimyr Pidgin RussianRussia Animism, Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
NiasAustronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → NiasIndonesia Christianity
NicobareseAustroasiatic → NicobareseIndia Christianity, Animism
NihaliNihaliIndia Animism
NivkhsNivkh languagesRussia Shamanism
NùngKra–Dai → Tai → NùngVietnam, China Moism
NuristanisIndo-European → Indo-Iranian → NuristaniAfghanistan Safed-Posh Kaffirs, Kamkata-viris Islam → Sunnism
NyishiSino-Tibetan → Tani → NishiIndia Christianity
OdiaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → OdiaIndia Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi ; Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond ; Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka ; Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; ThoriaHinduism
OngeOngan → OngeIndia Animism
Orang DaratAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Old MalayIndonesia Islam → Sunni Islam
Orang LautAustronesian → MalayicMalaysia, Indonesia, SingaporeLoncong, Orang SeletarAnimism, Folk religion, Islam → Sunnism
OrmursIndo-European → Iranian → OrmuriAfghanistan, Pakistan Islam
OrochsTungusic → Udegheic → OrochRussia Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
OroksTungusic → Nanaic → OrokRussia, JapanKarafuto OroksChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
OroqensTungusic → Ewenic → OroqenChina Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
OssetiansIndo-European → Iranian → OssetianGeorgia Iron, Digor, Kudar, Trialeti OssetiansChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ot DanumAustronesian → Greater Barito → Ot DanumIndonesia Lawangan, Ma'anyanKaharingan
PalembangeseAustronesian → Malayic → PalembangIndonesia Islam → Sunni Islam
PalulaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → PalulaPakistan Ashreti, BioriIslam → Sunni Islam
PamirisIndo-European → Iranian → PamirPamir Mountains Shughni, Sarikoli, Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, IshkashimiIslam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
PangasineseAustronesian → Philippine → PangasinanPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism
ParachisIndo-European → Iranian → ParachiAfghanistan Islam
ParsisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujaratic → GujaratiIndian subcontinent Zoroastrianism
PashayiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → PashayiAfghanistan Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
PashtunsIndo-European → Iranian → PashtoPashtunistan, Iran, IndiaKakar, Ghilji, and Lohani )), Popalzai, Punjabi Pathans, Tareen, Bettani, Afridi, Sarbani, Bangash, Karlani, Rohilla, and other Pashtun tribes, with significant populations in India, Kashmir, Sri LankaIslam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
Sikhism
PersiansIndo-European → Iranian → Persian, AchomiIran, Afghanistan, IndiaArab-Persians, Achomi, Farsiwan, Iranis, Sistanis, Dezfulis, Shushtaris, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates, BahrainIslam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Islam → Sufism → Ni'matullāhī, Safaviyya, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
PunjabisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → PunjabicPunjab Arain, Awan, Gujjars, Jat, Bhatti, Khatris, Punjabi Rajputs, Sikhs, Chibhālīs, along with the Punjabi diasporaIslam → Sunnism
Hinduism, Sikhism, Ravidassia
PuroikSino-Tibetan → Kho-Bwa → PuroikIndia Animism, Hinduism, Christianity
QaraiIndo-European → Iranian → Persian, BalochiIran Islam → Shi'ism
QashqaiTurkic → Oghuz → QashqaiIran Islam → Shi'ism
QiangSino-Tibetan → QiangicChina Qiang folk religion
QureshiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kundal ShahiPakistan Islam → Sunnism → Barelvi
RabariIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati, Sindhi → KutchiIndia Hinduism
RadeAustronesian → Chamic → RadeCentral Highlands, VietnamChristianity
RajasthanisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → RajasthaniIndia Charan, Kachhi, Marwari, Meena, Rajputs Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism
RajbanshiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → KamtapuriIndia, BangladeshHinduism
RakhineSino-Tibetan → Burmese → ArakaneseMyanmar MarmaBuddhism → Theravada Buddhism
RauteSino-Tibetan → Raji-Raute → RauteNepal
RejangeseAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → RejangIndonesia Islam → Sunnism
RelliIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Reli, HindiIndia Hinduism
RohingyasIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → RohingyaMyanmar Islam
RoteneseAustronesian → Timoric → RoteneseIndonesia Dela, OenaleChristianity
RussiansIndo-European → Slavic → Russian
Francosign → Russian Sign
Russia and surrounding regionsSiberians, Cossacks, Subbotniks, Old Believers, Karyms, Gurans, Doukhobors, Goryuns, Kamchadals, Molokans, Starozhily, along with significant populations in Azerbaijan, China, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, UzbekistanChristianity → Spiritual Christianity, Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Old Believerism and Old Ritualism
Christianity and Animism → Eastern Orthodoxy and Animism → Pomor Christianity
RyukyuansJaponic → Ryukyuan
Japonic → Japanese → Okinawan Japanese, Amami Japanese
JSLic → Japanese Sign
Koniya Sign Language
Japan Amami, Okinawans Miyakoans, Tarama, Yaeyama, YonaguniIrreligion; Ryukyuan religion; Christianity → Catholicism → Ryukyuan Catholicism
Saint Thomas ChristiansDravidian → Malayalamoid → MalayalamIndia Northists, KnanayasChristianity → Saint Thomas Christianity
SakizayaAustronesian → East Formosan → SakizayaTaiwan Animism, Christianity
SalarTurkic → Oghuz → SalarChina Islam → Sunnism
Sama–BajauAustronesian → Barito → Sama–BajawMaritime Southeast Asia Sama, Bajaw, AbaknonIslam → Sunnism
SamaritansAfroasiatic → West Semitic → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew
Afroasiatic → West Semitic → Levantine Arabic → Palestinian Arabic
Historically Afroasiatic → West Semitic → Samaritan Hebrew, Samaritan Aramaic
Israel, PalestineSamaritanism
SambalAustronesian → Philippine → SambalicPhilippines Bolinao, Botolan Christianity → Catholicism
SangireseAustronesian → Philippine → SangireseIndonesia, Philippines Christianity → Protestantism
Sankethi BrahminDravidian → Southern Dravidian → Tamil or Kannada? → SankethiIndia Hinduism → Advaita Vedanta
SantalAustroasiatic → Munda → SantaliIndia Christianity → Catholicism
SaraikiIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → SaraikiPakistan Khakwani, Derawali, WaihaIslam
SasakAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → SasakIndonesia Islam
SaurashtrasIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → SaurashtraIndia Hinduism → Vaishnavism, Hinduism → Shaivism
SavuAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → HawuIndia Christianity → Protestantism
SeediqAustronesian → Atayalic → SeediqTaiwan Tkdaya, TodaChristianity, Animism
SelkupsUralic → Samoyedic → SelkupRussia Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
SemnanisIndo-European → Iranian → SemnaniIran Biyabunakis, Sangsaris, Sorkheis, Aftaris, LasgerdisIslam → Shi'ism → Twelver Shi'ism
SentineleseSentineleseIndia Animism
ShanKra–Dai → Tai → ShanMyanmar Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
SharchopsSino-Tibetan → Kalaktang–Tshangla → TshanglaBhutan Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
SherpasSino-Tibetan → Bodish → SherpaNepal, India Buddhism
ShinaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Shina, Kohistani ShinaPakistan Kohistani ShinaIslam
ShompenShompenIndia Animism
ShorsTurkic → Siberian Turkic → ShorRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Shor Shamanism
SibeTungusic → Jurchenic → XibeChina Shamanism
Siberian TatarsTurkic → Kipchak → Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba, TomRussia Baraba Tatars, Chats, Eushta Tatars, Kalmak Tatars, Siberian Bukharans, Zabolotnie TatarsIslam → Sunnism
Siberian YupikAleut–Inuit–Yupik → Inuit–Yupik → Siberian Yupik, NaukanRussia NaukanShamanism
SiddiNiger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → SidiPakistan, India Islam
SikaAustronesian → Flores–Lembata → SikaIndonesia Christianity → Catholicism
SindhisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → SindhiPakistan Jat, Jamote, Memon, Arain, Indian SindhisIslam → Sunnism → Hanafism; Hinduism
SinhaleseIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → SinhalaSri LankaDewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
SoqotrisAfroasiatic → West Semitic → SoqotriYemen Islam
SoyotsTurkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → SoyotRussia Shamanism
Sri Lanka KaffirsIndo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Sri Lankan Portuguese CreoleSri Lanka Christianity → Catholicism; Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Sri Lanka MalaysAustronesian → Malay creoles → Sri Lankan MalaySri LankaIslam → Sunnism
Sri Lankan MoorsDravidian → Southern Dravidian → Tamil → Sri Lankan Muslim TamilSri LankaIslam → Sunnism
Sri Lankan ChettiesDravidian → Southern Dravidian → Tamil
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala
Sri LankaChristianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
SubanonsAustronesian → Philippine → SubanonPhilippines Kolibugan, LapuyanChristianity, Islam, Animism
SuiKra–Dai → Kam–Sui → SuiChina Animism
SulaneseAustronesian → Central Maluku → SulaIndonesia Fagudu, Falahu, Fatcei, MangonIslam → Sunnism; Animism
SumbaAustronesian → Sumba–Flores → SumbaIndonesia Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, WanukakaChristianity → Protestantism
SumbawaAustronesian → SumbawaIndonesia Islam
SundaneseAustronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → SundaneseIndonesia Bantenese, Baduy, CiptagelarIslam → Sunnism
SylhetisIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → SylhetiBangladesh, India Islam → Sunni Islam
SyriacsAfroasiatic → West Semitic → AramaicSyria Arameans, Chaldean Catholics from Nineveh and Bohtan, Citadel ChristiansChristianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity
TagalogsAustronesian → Philippine → TagalogPhilippinesChristianity → Catholicism
TajiksIndo-European → Iranian → Tajik
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Russian Sign → Tajik Sign
Turkic → Karluk → Tor Tajik
Central Asia, China Kharduri, Chagatai, Tor Tajiks, with significant populations in Uzbekistan, PakistanIslam → Sunni Islam
TalyshIndo-European → Iranian → TalyshAzerbaijan, IranIslam → Shia Islam
TamangsSino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → TamangNepal, India Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, LamaHinduism, Buddhism
TamilsDravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil
Austronesian → Malay Creole → Malay Chetty
India, Sri Lanka [Demographics of Tamil language|Tamil Nadu|Indian Tamils], Sri Lankan Tamils, Chitty, Giraavaru, Ambattar, along with significant populations in Malaysia, SingaporeHinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
TampuansAustroasiatic → Bahnaric → TampuanCambodia Animism
TaoAustronesian → Batanic → TaoTaiwan Christianity, Anitism
TashonsSino–Tibetan → Kuki-Chin → Falam → TashonMyanmar Christianity
TausūgAustronesian → Bisayan → TausugPhilippines Islam → Sunni Islam
TboliAustronesian → Philippine → TboliPhilippines Anitism
TebersTurkic → Oghuz → Turkish → TeberceTurkey, Syria, BalkansIslam → Alevism
TelengitsTurkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → TelengitRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Burkhanism
TeleutsTurkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → TeleutRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
TelugusDravidian → South-Central Dravidian → TeluguIndia Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala, Kaikalas, Adi Andhra, Adi Jambava, Vatuka, Mumbai Telugus, Sri Lankan TelugusHinduism, Islam, Christianity
ThaisKra–Dai → Tai → Central Thai, Southern Thai, Northern Thai, Northeastern ThaiThailandSouthern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, Thai Isan and Thai diasporaBuddhism → Theravada Buddhism
TharusIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → TharuTerai Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, RanaHinduism, Buddhism
TibetansSino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tibetic, Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla → Pemako Tshangla, Tibetan SignChina, Nepal, BhutanAmdolese, Khams, U-Tsang, Pemakopas, Changpa, Baima, KacheeBuddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
TiwaSino-Tibetan → Sal → TiwaIndia Hinduism
TofalarsTurkic → Siberian Turkic → TofaRussia Christianity
TorajaAustronesian → South Sulawesi → TorajaIndonesia Christianity → Protestantism
TrawaraIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → MankiyaliPakistan Islam
TripuriSino-Tibetan → Sal → KokborokIndia Jamatia, MurasingHinduism
TujiaSino-Tibetan → TujiaChina Nuo folk religion
TuluvasTuluIndia Hinduism
TurkmensTurkic → Oghuz → Turkmen, South Azerbaijani, AfsharTurkmenistan, Iran, AfghanistanTeke, Yomut, Bayandur, Afshar, Begdili, Ersari, Chowdur, Saryk, Bayats, Kayıs, Iranian Turkmens, Afghan Turkmens, with significant populations in PakistanIslam → Sunni Islam
TurksTurkic → Oghuz → Turkish
Turkish Sign
West Asia, the CaucasusTurkish Turks, Turkish Cypriots, Meskhetian Turks, Iraqi Turkmen, Syrian Turkmen, Lebanese Turkmen, Jordanian Turkmen, Yörüks, Amuca, Turkish Roma, along with significant populations in Egypt, Qatar, Israel, and PalestineIslam → Sunni Islam, Alevism
TuvansTurkic → Siberian Turkic → Steppe Sayan Turkic → Tuvan
Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Tozhu Tuvan, Tere-Khöl Tuvan
Russia, Mongolia Tozhu TuvansBuddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
UdegesTungusic → Udegheic → UdegeRussia Shamanism
UlchiTungusic → Southern Tungusic → UlchRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Urak LawoiAustronesian → Malayic → Urak LawoiThailand Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
UyghursTurkic → Karluk → UyghurChina, Central AsiaKashgartsy, Chantuu, Lops, with significant populations in Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, TurkeyIslam → Sunni Islam
UzbeksTurkic → Karluk → UzbekUzbekistan, AfghanistanMing, Yuzi, Kyrk, Karategin Uzbeks, Significant populations in Pakistan, and TurkeyIslam → Sunni Islam
Van BaoriaIndo-European → Rajasthani → ShekhawatiIndia Vad Gujar, Param Veldo, Meowoti, Chandia, GelotHinduism
VeddaIndo-European → Sinhala-based creole → VeddaSri LankaCoast Veddas, Anuradhapura Veddas, Bintenne VeddasAnimism
Viets/KinhAustroasiatic → Vietic → Vietnamese
Vietnamese sign languages
VietnamMuong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nung, Giay, along with significant populations in Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, and LaosBuddhism → Mahayana; Vietnamese folk religion; Caodaism; Hoa Hao
VisayansAustronesian → Philippine → BisayanPhilippines Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano, Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbatenos, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon, WarayChristianity → Catholicism
WaAustroasiatic → Palaungic → WaMyanmar Buddhism, Animism
WakhiIndo-European → Iranian → WakhiAfghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, ChinaIslam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
WaxiangSino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Waxiang ChineseChina Chinese folk religion
YaghnobisIndo-European → Iranian → Yaghnobi, TajikTajikistan Islam → Sunni Islam
YakanAustronesian → Barito → YakanPhilippines Islam → Sunni Islam
YakutsTurkic → Siberian Turkic → YakutRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
YerukalaDravidian → South Dravidian I → YerukalaIndia Hinduism
YiSino-Tibetan → LoloishChina Phu La, Azha, NasuBimoism
YugursTurkic → Siberian Turkic → Western Yugur
Mongolic → Eastern Yugur
China Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
YukaghirYukaghir languagesRussia Shamanism
ZamboanguenosIndo-European → Spanish-based creoles → ChavacanoPhilippines Christianity → Catholicism
ZazasIndo-European → Iranian → ZazaTurkey Islam → Sunni Islam; Alevism
ZhuangKra–Dai → Tai → ZhuangChina Moism
ZomiSino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga, MruicZogam Tedim, Thadou, Paite, Zou, Kom, Koireng, Mizo, Aimol, Sukte, Bawm, Lai, Biate, Chin, Anu, Chho, Cumtu Chin, and Hkongso ), Kuki Gangte, and Bnei MenasheChristianity