Russian old-settlers
The old-settlers are the Russian settlers of the Russian North, Ural, Siberia, the Russian Far East and the former Russian America in the 11th – 18th centuries and their descendants. Among them, interethnic marriages, borrowing words from local languages and adopting the culture of Indigenous peoples were practiced.
A principal part of them were Old Believers at least prior to the rise of the Soviet Union.
Subgroups
- Alaskan Creoles – Creoles of Russian, Siberian, Eskimo, Aleut, and other Alaska Native ancestry.
- Chaldons – Creoles of Russians and native Siberians;
- Kamchadals – descendants of the native Kamchatkan peoples who assimilated with the Russians;
- Kamenschiks – Old Believers in Southern Siberia;
- Karyms and Gurans, – métises of mixing Russians with Buryats and Evenks in Buryatia and Transbaikalia;
- Markovtsy – métis of mixing Russians and Chuvans in Chukotka;
- Pokhodchane or Kolymans – Russians in Arctic Sakha;
- Russkoust'intsy or Indigirschiks – métises of mixing Russians with Yukaghirs, Sakha and Evens in Arctic Sakha;
- Tundra Peasants – métis of mixing Russians with Evenks and Sakha on Taymyr;
- Yakutians or Lena Peasants – métis of mixing Russians with Sakha.