List of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa


The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Africa here is considered to be approximately delimited from South America by the South Atlantic Ocean; from Asia by the Red Sea, Suez Canal, and Gulf of Aden; and from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Sicily, and Strait of Gibraltar.

Ethnic groups

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.
EthnicityLanguagePrimary homelandSubgroups, tribes & castesReligion
AbagusiiAtlantic–CongoBantuGusiiKenya Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, AbabasiChristianity, Traditional African religion
AcholiNiloticLuo → AcholiSouth Sudan, Uganda Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Nwoya, Pader, OmoroChristianity, Islam
AdjoukrouNiger–CongoKwaAdjukruIvory Coast Akradio, Agneby, Armébé, Gbougbo, Vieil-Aklodj, Débrimou, Lopou, Tiaha, Kpass, Orbaff, Bonn, Kaka, Kpanda, Mopoyem, Cosrou, Dabouly, Abraniamienbro, Bodou, Bouboury, Agbaille, Yassap, Vieux-Badien, Youhouli, N'gatty, ToupahChristianity
AfarAfroasiaticCushitic → AfarDjibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia Asaimara, AdoimaraIslam, Early Cushitic
AfemaiAtlantic–Congo → EdoidAfenmaiNigeria Agenebode, Weppa, Oshiolo, Emokwemhe Iviagbapue, Auchi, Ihievbe, Afuze, Warrake, Iviukwe, South Ibie, Agbede, Sabongida Ora, Igarra, Ekperi, Jattu, Fugar, Aviele, Okpella, Uneme Ehrunrun, Uneme Osu, Iviukhua, Ososo, Uzanu, Uzebba, Iviukhua, Weppa, Okpella, Okpekpe, SomorikaChristianity
AfrikanersIndo-EuropeanGermanicDutchAfrikaansSouth AfricaBoersChristianity → ProtestantismCalvinism
AgawAfroasiatic → Cushitic → AgawHorn of Africa Bilen, Ximre, Awi, QemantChristianity → Oriental OrthodoxyEthiopian Orthodoxy
AjaNiger–Congo → Kwa → AdjaBenin, TogoWest African Vodun
AkaNiger–Congo → Bantu → AkaCentral African Republic, Republic of the CongoTraditional Aka religion
AkansNiger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano, Avikam–Alladian, Potou, Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega
FrancosignAmerican SignGhanaian Sign
Adamorobe Sign, Nanabin Sign
Ghana Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi, Tchaman, WasaChristianity
AkieNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie
Maasai
Tanzania Traditional Akie religion
AlurNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → AlurUganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
AmbunduNiger–Congo → Bantu → KimbunduAngolaChristianity, Traditional African religions
AmdangFuran → AmdangSudan, Chad Islam
Americo-LiberiansVarious languages of different African ethnic groups

English
English → Merico
English → Liberian Kreyol
LiberiaChristianity → Protestantism
AmharaAfroasiatic → SemiticEthiopicAmharicEthiopia Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Anglo-AfricansIndo-European → Germanic → English → South African English, Zimbabwean EnglishSouth Africa, Zimbabwe, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaAnglo-South Africans
Anglo-Zimbabweans
Saint Helenians
Christianity
AnuakNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → AnuakEthiopia, South Sudan Christianity
ArabsAfroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic
Arab Sign, Sudanese sign languages
North Africa, SahelBedouins, Egyptian Arabs, Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Sudanese Arabs, Arab Christians, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs, Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-BerbersIslam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia IslamTwelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilismTayyibi Isma'ilismSulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism
Christianity → Eastern OrthodoxyGreek OrthodoxyGreek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Christianity → CatholicismMelkite Catholicism
ArgobbaAfroasiatic → Ethiopic → ArgobbaEthiopia Islam → Sunni Islam
AtyapNiger–Congo → PlateauTyapNigeria Christianity, Abwoi
Babur and BuraAfroasiatic → Chadic → BuraNigeria Babur, BuraIslam
BagirmiNilo-Saharan → Central SudanicBongo-Bagirmi → BagirmiChad Islam → Folk Islam
BajjuNiger–Congo → Plateau → JjuNigeria Christianity, Abwoi
BajuniAtlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → BajuniSomalia, Kenya Islam → SunnismShafi'ism
BakossiNiger–Congo → Bantu → AkooseCameroon Christianity → Catholicism
BalantaNiger–Congo → West AtlanticSenegambian → BalantaGuinea-Bissau, Senegal, The GambiaTraditional African religions
Balondo-ba-KonjaNiger–Congo → Bantu → LondoCameroonCreationismBalondo-ba-Konja religion
BambaraNiger–Congo → MandeManding → BambaraMaliIslam
BamilekeNiger–Congo → Grassfields → BamilekeCameroon Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', MedumbaChristianity
BamumNiger–Congo → Grassfields → BamumCameroon Islam
BandaNiger–Congo → Ubangian → BandaCentral African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the CongoCentral Banda, South Banda, West BandaChristianity
Bangweulu TwaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba Zambia Traditional African Religion
BariNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → BariSouth Sudan, UgandaPojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribesChristianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam
BaribaNiger–Congo → Gur → BaribaBorgu Islam
BassaNiger–Congo → Kru → BassaLiberia Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
BastersIndo-European → Germanic → Dutch → AfrikaansNamibia Christianity → Protestantism
BatwaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga
African Great LakesTraditional African religion
BejaAfroasiatic → Cushitic → BejaSudan, Egypt, EritreaBishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-AmerIslam → Sunni Islam
BembaNiger–Congo → Bantu → BembaZambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity → Protestantism
BembeNiger–Congo → Bantu → BembeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, TanzaniaChristianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions
BenaNiger–Congo → Bantu → BenaTanzania Christianity → Catholicism
BeromNiger–Congo → Plateau → BeromNiger Christianity
BertaNilo-Saharan → BertaEthiopia, South SudanIslam
BetiNiger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, EtonCameroonEwondo, EtonChristianity
BissaNiger–Congo → Mande → BissaBurkina FasoIslam
BoaNiger–Congo → Bantu → BoaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
BoboNiger–Congo → Mande → BoboBurkina Faso, MaliTraditional African religions
BolewaAfroasiatic → Chadic → BoleNigeria Islam
BondeiNiger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → BondeiTanzania Islam, Traditional African religions
BozoNiger–Congo → Mande → BozoMaliIslam
BubiNiger–Congo → Bantu → BubeEquatorial Guinea Christianity → Catholicism
BuduNiger–Congo → Bantu → BuduDemocratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
BudumaAfroasiatic → Chadic → YedinaLake Chad Islam
BwaNiger–Congo → Gur → BwaBurkina Faso, MaliTraditional African religions
BwatiyeAfroasiatic → Chadic → BacamaNigeria Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism
CafresFrench CreoleBourbonnais CreoleRéunion CreoleRéunionChristianity
Cape MuslimsHistorically Malay, Makassarese, Dutch, Arabic Afrikaans
Afrikaans, Kaaps, English
South Africa Islam
ChagaNiger–Congo → Bantu → ChagaTanzaniaGwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga, Rusa, West ChagaChristianity, Islam, Traditional African religions
ChagossiansIndo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian CreoleChagos ArchipelagoChristianity, Rastafari
ChaouiAfroasiatic → BerberShawiyaAlgeria Islam → Sunnism
ChenouasAfroasiatic → Berber → ShenwaAlgeria Islam → Sunnism
ChewaNiger–Congo → Bantu → ChewaMalawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, MozambiqueChristianity, Traditional African religions
ChinoisFrench Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole

Sino-TibetanSiniticChineseHakka, Cantonese
RéunionChristianity → Catholicism, BuddhismMahayana Buddhism
ChokweNiger–Congo → Bantu → ChokweAngola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ZambiaChristianity
ColouredsIndo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, EnglishSouth Africa Cape Coloureds Christianity
ComoriansNiger–Congo → Bantu → ComorianComoros, France Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan FranceIslam → Sunnism
DagaabaNiger–Congo → Gur → DagaareGhana, Burkina FasoChristianity, Traditional African religions
DagombasNiger–Congo → Gur → DagbaniGhana Islam → Sunnism
DamaraKhoeKhoekhoeNamibia Christianity
DinkaNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → DinkaSouth SudanChristianity, Dinka religion
DogonNiger–Congo → Dogon
Bangime, Tebul Sign
Mali Ampari Dogon, Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon, Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, BangandeTraditional African religions
Dwe'eNiger–Congo → Bantu → NzimeCameroonChristianity
DyulaNiger–Congo → Mande → Manding → DyulaBurkina Faso, Ivory Coast, MaliIslam → Sunnism
EbiraNiger–Congo → Nupoid → EbiraNigeria Islam
EdoNiger–Congo → Edoid → EdoNigeria Ika, EmaiChristianity
EfikNiger–Congo → Cross RiverIbibio-Efik → EfikNigeria Christianity, Efik religion
EgyptiansAfroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic
Historically Afroasiatic → EgyptianCoptic
Egyptian Sign
Egypt, Sudan, LibyaCopts,
Islam → Sunni Islam
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy

Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern CatholicismCoptic Catholicism
EkoiNiger–Congo → BantoidJaghamNigeria, CameroonChristianity, Ekoi religion
EmbuNiger-Congo ~ Bantu ~ EmbuKenya Christianity
EsanNiger–Congo → Edoid → EsanNigeria Christianity
EweNiger–Congo → Kwa → Ewe, Waci, KpessiTogo, GhanaAgave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, WaciChristianity, West African Vodun
FangNiger–Congo → Bantu → FangEquatorial Guinea, GabonChristianity
FipaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Fipa

Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu
Rukwa Region, Tanzania Christianity → Catholicism
FonNiger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → FonBenin Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun
Franco-MauritiansIndo-European → French-based creolesMauritian CreoleMauritiusChristianity → Catholicism
Franco-SeychelloisIndo-European → French-based creoleSeychellois CreoleSeychellesChristianity → Catholicism
FrantsayIndo-European → Romance → FrenchMadagascarChristianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
FulaAtlantic–Congo → Senegambian → FulaWest Africa Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula, ToucouleurIslam
FurFuran → FurSudan Islam → Sunni Islam
Ga-AdangbeNiger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–DangmeGreater Accra Ga, AdangbeChristianity
GadeNiger–Congo → Nupoid → GadeNigeria Gobo
GandaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → LugandaUganda Christianity
GbagyiNiger–Congo → Nupoid → GwariNigeriaTraditional African religions
GbayaNiger–Congo → Ubangian → GbayaCentral African Republic, CameroonBokoto, Kara, Buli, Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, BanganduIslam
GedeoAfroasiatic → Cushitic → GedeoEthiopia Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
GhomarasAfroasiatic → Berber → GhomaraMorocco Islam → Sunni Islam
GnawasOriginally various languages of different African ethnic groups
Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic
MoroccoIslam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion
GogoNiger–Congo → Bantu → GogoTanzania Christianity, African Traditional Religion
GolaNiger–Congo → GolaLiberia, Sierra LeoneIslam
GoshaOriginally various languages of different Bantu ethnic groups
Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli
SomaliaIslam
GreeksIndo-European → Hellenic
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic
Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign
EgyptEgyptian Greeks, along with significant populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, and ZimbabweChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
GuanNiger–Congo → Kwa → GuangGhana Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-BosoChristianity
GumuzBʼaga languagesEthiopia Traditional African religion
GurageAfroasiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage; historically Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → MesmesEthiopia Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet Christianity
GurmaNiger–Congo → Gur → GourmancheGurmaland Ntcham, BimobaIslam
GurunsiNiger–Congo → Gur → GurunsiBurkina Faso, Ghana, TogoLukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, VaglaTraditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam
HaNiger–Congo → Bantu → HaTanzania Animism
HadiyaAfroasiatic → Cushitic → HadiyyaEthiopia Islam
HadzaHadza languageTanzania Hadza mythology
HamNiger–Congo → Plateau → HyamNigeria Christianity, Abwoi
HangazaNiger–Congo → Bantu → HangazaTanzania Christianity
HarariAfroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → HarariEthiopia Islam → Sunni Islam
HaratinsAfroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic, Afroasiatic → Berber MauritaniaIslam → Sunni Islam
HausaAfroasiatic → Chadic → HausaHausaland Islam → Sunni Islam
HayaNiger–Congo → Bantu → HayaTanzania Christianity, Ruhanga
HawwaraHistorically Afroasiatic → Berber
Arabic
Lybia, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria and MoroccoHawwaraIslam → Sunni Islam
HeheNiger–Congo → Bantu → HeheTanzania Christianity
HereroNiger–Congo → Bantu → HereroNamibia, AngolaOvaHimba, OvambanderuChristianity
Hutu Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-RundiRwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
IbibioNiger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Anaang, Eket, OronNigeria Eket, Anaang, OronChristianity
IdomaNiger–Congo → Idomoid → IdomaNigeria Agatu, Alago, YalaChristianity
IgalaNiger-Congo → Igala → IgalaNigeria Ayangba, Igala ogba Royalty → Ibaji, Igalamela, Ogugu, Akpanya, EbuChristianity, Islam
IgboNiger–Congo → IgboNigeria Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, WaawaChristianity, Odinala
IgdalenSonghayNorthern SonghayTagdalNiger, Mali, AlgeriaIslam → Sunni Islam
IgedeNiger–Congo → Idomoid → IgedeNigeria Christianity
IjawNiger–Congo → IjawNigeria Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, OboloChristianity
ImraguenAfroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → ImraguenMauritania, Western SaharaIslam → Sunni Islam
Indo-MauritiansIndo-European → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole

Indo-European → Indo-AryanBhojpuri, Hindustani, Marathi

DravidianTamil, Telugu
MauritiusBihari Mauritians, Tamil MauritiansHinduism, Islam
Indo-SeychelloisIndo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole

Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri, Bihari languages, Hindustani, Bengali, Gujarati, Kutchi, Odia

Dravidian → Tamil, Telugu, Kannada
SeychellesHinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
Indo-South AfricansVarious languages of different Indian ethnic groups
English → South African English
South AfricaHinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism
IraqwAfroasiatic → Cushitic → IraqwTanzaniaChristianity
IsokoNiger–Congo → Edoid → IsokoNigeria Christianity
JerbaAfroasiatic → Berber → Nafusi
Arabic
TunisiaIslam → Sunni Islam
JewsAfroasiatic → CanaaniteHebrewModern Hebrew, Jewish languages, DGSicIsraeli SignNorth Africa, East AfricaSephardim, Beta Israel, Rusape Jews, Abayudaya, Igbo Jews, as well as historically some Aksumites, along with significant populations in South Africa, Namibia, and ZimbabweJudaism
JitaAtlantic–Congo → Bantu → SugutiTanzania Christianity, Ethnic Religion
JolaNiger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → JolaSenegal Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, MlompTraditional African religions
JukunNiger–Congo → Jukun TakumNigeria WannuTraditional African religions
JurNilotic → Luo → JurSouth SudanBeli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, MorokodoChristianity, Traditional African religions
KabyleAfroasiatic → Berber → KabyleAlgeria Islam → Sunni Islam
Kafwe TwaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga Zambia Traditional African religion
KaguruNiger–Congo → Bantu → KaguluTanzania Folk religion
KalangaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → KalangaZimbabwe, BotswanaNambyaChristianity
KalenjinNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → KalenjinKenya Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, TerikChristianity
KambaNiger–Congo → Bantu → KambaKenya Christianity
KanuriNilo-Saharan → Saharan → KanuriKanuriland Kanembu, Yerwa KanuriIslam
KapsikiAfroasiatic → Chadic → KapsikiMandara Mountains Islam
Karai-KaraiAfroasiatic → Chadic → Karai-KaraiNigeria Islam, Christianity
KaranaIndo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati, Hindustani, Kutchi, Sindhi

Dravidian → Tamil, Telugu
MadagascarIslam
KassenaAtlantic–Congo → Gur → KasenaGhana, Burkina FasoKassena religion
KereweNiger–Congo → Bantu → KereweTanzania Christianity, Traditional African religions
KigaNiger–Congo → Bantu → KigaUganda, RwandaChristianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
KikuyuNiger–Congo → Bantu → KikuyuKenya Christianity
KilbaAfroasiatic → Chadic → HubaNigeria Christianity
KingaNiger–Congo → Bantu → KingaTanzania Christianity, Traditional African religion
KissiNiger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → KissiGuinea, Sierra LeoneChristianity
KofyarAfroasiatic → Chadic → KofyarNigeria Traditional African religions
KongoNiger–Congo → Bantu → KongoKongoland Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, BeembeChristianity, Kongo religion
KonjoNiger–Congo → Bantu → KonjoRwenzori Mountains NandeChristianity
KonkombaNiger–Congo → Gur → KonkombaGhana, TogoTraditional African religions, Christianity
KonsoAfroasiatic → Cushitic → KonsoEthiopia Traditional African religions
KpelleNiger–Congo → Mande → KpelleLiberia, GuineaTraditional African religions
KposoNiger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → KposoTogo, GhanaChristianity → Catholicism
KruNiger–Congo → KruLiberia Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn, KuwaaChristianity
KunamaNilo-Saharan → KunamaEritrea, EthiopiaChristianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
KuriaNiger–Congo → Bantu → KuriaKenya, TanzaniaTraditional African religions, Christianity
KutebNiger–Congo → Jukunoid → KutebNigeria Christianity
KwayaNiger–Congo → Bantu → KwayaTanzania Christianity, Traditional African religion
KwereNiger–Congo → Bantu → KwereTanzania Islam, Traditional African religion
LegaNiger–Congo → Bantu → LegaDemocratic Republic of the CongoTraditional African religions
LembaHistorycally Old South Arabian languages
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Shona
Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, MozambiqueChristianity, Islam, Judaism
LimbaNiger–Congo → LimbaSierra Leone Christianity
LisiNilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → NabaChad Bilala, Kuka and the MedogoIslam
LoziNiger–Congo → Bantu → LoziZambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, BotswanaMafwe, Mbukushu, Totela, YeyiChristianity, Traditional African religions
LubaNiger–Congo → Bantu → LubanDemocratic Republic of the Congo Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba, Songe, LuluaChristianity
LugbaraNilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → LugbaraDemocratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, AringaChristianity, Islam, Lugbara religion
LuhyaNiger–Congo → Bantu → LuhyaKenya Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga,Christianity
LuoNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → DholuoKenyaChristianity
Luso-AfricansIndo-European → Romance → PortugueseAfrican PortuguesePALOP countries, South AfricaPortuguese Africans Christianity → Catholicism
MaasaiNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → MaasaiMaasailand Samburu, Arusha, KwaviTraditional African religions
MadiNilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'diDemocratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, UgandaChristianity
MafaAfroasiatic → Chadic → MafaCameroonChristianity
MakaaNiger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → ByepCameroon South Makaa, North MakaaChristianity, Traditional African religion
MakondeNiger–Congo → Bantu → MakondeTanzania, Mozambique MachingaIslam
MakuaNiger–Congo → Bantu → MakhuwaMozambiqueLomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, NathemboTraditional African religions
MalagasyAustronesianGreater Barito → MalagasyMadagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, MauritiusMerina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, VezoChristianity, Malagasy religion
MalbarsFrench Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole

Historycally Dravidian → Tamil
RéunionHinduism
MambilaNiger–Congo → MambilaMambilla Plateau SomyevTraditional African religions
MandinkaNiger–Congo → Mande → MandingMali, The Gambia, Guinea, SenegalBolonIslam
ManjakNiger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → ManjakGuinea-Bissau, SenegalTraditional African religions
MasaAfroasiatic → Chadic → MasanaCameroon, ChadChristianity, Islam
MasalitNilo-Saharan → MasalitSudan, ChadIslam → Sunni Islam
Mauritian CreolesIndo-European → French-based creoles → Mauritian CreoleMauritiusChristianity → Catholicism, Rastafari
MbakaNiger–Congo → Ubangian → MbakaCentral African Republic, Democratic Republic of the CongoChristianity → Catholicism
MbuguNiger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Pare
Niger–Congo and Afroasiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa
Tanzania Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion
MendeNiger–Congo → Mande → MendeSierra Leone Islam
MijikendaNiger–Congo → Bantu → MijikendaKenya Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, RabaiChristianity
MongoNiger–Congo → Bantu → MongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, TetelaChristianity
MoruNilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → MoruSouth Sudan Miza, Ägyi, Moroändri, Kediro, 'Bari'baChristianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism → Episcopal Church of the South Sudan
MossiNiger–Congo → Gur → MossiBurkina Faso Islam
MozabiteAfroasiatic → Berber → Mozabite
Arabic
Algeria Islam → Sunni Islam
MumuyeNiger–Congo → Adamawa → MumuyeNigeria Traditional African religions
MusgumAfroasiatic → Chadic → MusguCameroon, Chad Islam
MweraNiger–Congo → Bantu → MweraTanzania Islam
NamaKhoe → KhoekhoeNamibia, South AfricaOorlamsChristianity
NdendeuleNiger-Congo languagesBantu languages → NdendeuleTanzaniaAnimism
NgbandiNiger–Congo → Ubangian → NgbandiDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Central African RepublicYakomaChristianity
NgoniNiger–Congo → Bantu → NgoniMalawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and ZambiaChristianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam
NkoleNiger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-KigaNkoreUganda Christianity, Ruhanga
Northern NdebeleNiger–Congo → Bantu → NguniNorthern NdebeleZimbabwe Christianity, Traditional African religions
NubiansNilo-Saharan → NubianNubia Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians Islam → Sunni Islam
NubisAfroasiatic → Arabic creolesNubiUganda, KenyaUgandan Nubis, Kenyan NubisIslam
NuerNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → NuerSouth Sudan Traditional African religions
NupeNiger–Congo → Nupoid → NupeNigeria Islam, Christianity, Traditional African religions
NyamboNiger–Congo → Bantu → NyamboTanzania Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism
OgiekNilo-Saharan → Nilotic → OgiekKenya Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion
OgoniNiger–Congo → Cross River → OgoniNigeria Baan, Eleme, Gokana, TẹẹChristianity
OguNiger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → GunNigeria, BeninChristianity, Islam, West African Vodun
OkuIndo-European → English-based creolesKrio
Indo-European → Germanic → English
Sierra Leone, The GambiaIslam
OromoAfroasiatic → Cushitic → OromoEthiopia, KenyaBoorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, WolloIslam → Sunni Islam
OvamboNiger–Congo → Bantu → OvamboNamibia, AngolaChristianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
OvimbunduNiger–Congo → Bantu → UmbunduAngolaChristianity
PapelNiger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → PapelGuinea-Bissau Christianity → Catholicism
PareNiger–Congo → Bantu → PareTanzania Islam
PediNiger–Congo → Bantu → Northern Sotho → SepediSouth Africa Christianity
PendeNiger–Congo → Bantu → PendeDemocratic Republic of the CongoChristianity
RendilleAfroasiatic → Cushitic → RendilleKenya Waaq
RifiansAfroasiatic → Berber → TarifitMoroccoIslam → Sunnism
SahoAfroasiatic → Cushitic → SahoEritrea, EthiopiaIslam → Sunnism
SandaweSandaweTanzania Traditional African Religion, Islam
SaraNilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → SaraChad, Central African RepublicNgambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, GulayTraditional African religions
SenufoAtlantic–Congo → → SenufoMali, Ivory Coast, Burkina FasoNafana, MinyankaTraditional African religions
SererAtlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Serer, CanginSenegalLaalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, SaafiIslam, Serer religion
Seychell