List of contemporary ethnic groups of Europe


The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups of Europe. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Europe here is considered to be approximately delimited from North America by the Greenland Sea ; from Asia by Thrace at the border between the Istanbul and Kocaeli Provinces, the Sea of Marmara, the Dardanelles, the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Kara Sea, and the Greek Aegean Islands; and from Africa by the Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Sicily, and Strait of Gibraltar.

Ethnic groups

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.
EthnicityLanguagePrimary homelandSubgroups, tribes & castesReligion
AbazinsNorthwest CaucasianAbazgiAbazaRussia Islam → Sunnism
Afro-TurksTurkicOghuzTurkishTurkeyIslam
AghulsNortheast CaucasianLezgicAghulRussia Islam → Sunnism
AkhvakhsNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicAkhvakhRussia Islam
AlbaniansIndo-EuropeanAlbanoidAlbanian
Albanian Sign
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign
Southeastern EuropeGhegs, Tosks, Albanian tribes, along with significant populations in Eastern Thrace, France, the United Kingdom Italy, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Nordic countries, Switzerland, Greece, Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, North MacedoniaIslam → Sunnism, SufismBektashism; Christianity
AlsatiansIndo-EuropeanGermanicAlsatianFrance Christianity → Catholicism
AndisNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicAndiRussia Islam
AngevinsIndo-EuropeanRomanceAngevinFrance Christianity → Catholicism
Anglo-IrishIndo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishHiberno-English
FrancosignIrish Sign, BANZSLBritish Sign
BANZSLBritish SignNorthern Ireland Sign
IrelandChristianity → ProtestantismAnglicanism
AragoneseIndo-EuropeanRomanceAragonese, SpanishSpain Oscenses, Zaragozans, TurolensesChristianity → Catholicism
ArchisNortheast CaucasianLezgicArchiRussia Islam → Sunnism
ArmeniansIndo-EuropeanArmenian
Northwest CaucasianCircassian
Armenian Sign
Historically TurkicKipchakArmeno-Kipchak
Ukraine, Russia Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Hayhurum, along with significant populations in Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria, [Armenians in the Czech language|Czech Republic|Czech Republic], Serbia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and GermanyChristianity → Oriental OrthodoxyArmenian Apostolic Orthodoxy
Christianity → Eastern CatholicismArmenian Catholicism
Christianity → Eastern ProtestantismArmenian Evangelicalism
AromaniansIndo-EuropeanRomanceAromanianSoutheastern Europe Significant populations in Greece, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and North Macedonia, along with diaspora populationsChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ashkali and Balkan EgyptiansIndo-EuropeanAlbanoidAlbanianSoutheastern Europe Islam → Sunnism
AsturiansIndo-EuropeanRomanceAsturleoneseAsturian
Indo-EuropeanRomanceGalician and AsturleoneseEonavian
Indo-EuropeanRomanceSpanishCastrapo
Spain EonaviansChristianity → Catholicism
AvarsNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicAvarRussia Islam → Sunnism
AzerbaijanisTurkicOghuzAzeri
FrancosignRSLicRussian SignAzerbaijani Sign
Russia Dagestani Azerbaijanis, along with significant populations in RussiaIslam → Shi'ism
BagvalalsNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicBagvalalRussia Islam → Sunnism
BalkarsTurkicKipchakKarachay–Balkar → BalkarRussia Islam → Sunnism
BashkirsTurkicKipchakBashkirRussia Northeastern, Northwestern, Southeastern, Southwestern Islam → Sunnism
BasquesAquitanianBasqueBasque Country Navarreans, Alavans, Biscayans, Gipuzkoans, Northern BasquesChristianity → Catholicism
BelarusiansIndo-EuropeanSlavicBelarusianBelarus, Lithuania, Polesia, Russia, and neighboring regionsSignificant populations in Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, and RussiaChristianity → Eastern OrthodoxyBelarusian Orthodoxy
Christianity → Eastern CatholicismBelarusian Greek Catholicism
BerrichonsIndo-EuropeanRomanceBerrichon
FrancosignFrench Sign
France Christianity → Catholicism
BezhtaNortheast CaucasianTsezicBezhtaRussia Islam → Sunnism
BosniaksIndo-EuropeanSlavicShtokavianBosnian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav SignBosnian Sign
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sandžak, and neighboring regionsSignificant populations in Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Albania, Kosovo, Slovenia, North Macedonia, East Thrace, Sweden, Austria, GermanyIslam → Sunnism
BotlikhsNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicBotlikhRussia Islam → Sunnism
BretonsIndo-EuropeanCelticBreton
Indo-EuropeanRomanceGallo
FrancosignFrench Sign
France Christianity → Catholicism
BulgariansIndo-EuropeanSlavicBulgarian, Torlakian
FrancosignBulgarian Sign
Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, and neighboring regionsPomaks, Shopi, Paulicians, Macedonian Bulgarians, Bessarabian Bulgarians, Dobrujan Bulgarians, Thracian Bulgarians, Crimean Bulgarians, Karakachani, along with significant populations in East Thrace, Croatia, Germany, Spain, Romania, North Macedonia, Hungary, Serbia, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Kazakhstan, UkraineChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
CamminantiIndo-EuropeanRomance → BaccagghiuItaly Christianity
CatalansIndo-EuropeanRomanceCatalan
LSCicCatalan Sign
Catalan Countries Andorrans, Balears, Algherese, RoussilloneseChristianity → Catholicism
ChamalalsNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicChamalalRussia Islam → Sunnism; Animism
ChampenoisIndo-EuropeanRomanceChampenois
FrancosignFrench Sign
France Christianity → Catholicism
Channel IslandersIndo-EuropeanRomanceNormanAnglo-Norman
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishChannel Island English
BANZSLBritish Sign
British Crown Dependencies Jèrriais, Guernésiais, AuregnaisChristianity
ChechensNortheast CaucasianNakhChechenRussia Kists, Chechen Kurds, Aukhs, Orstkhoys, Terloys, Shatoys, Ghendargnoys, Zandkhoys, Chinkhoys, other teips with significant populations in Austria, FranceIslam → Sunnism
Historically Vainakh religion
ChuvashTurkicOghurChuvashRussia Virjal, AnatriChristianity → Eastern OrthodoxyRussian Orthodoxy; Vattisen Yaly
CircassiansNorthwest CaucasianCircassian
Historically Northwest CaucasianUbykh, Chakobsa
Russia Abzakhs, Adygeans, Besleneys, Bzhedugs, Chemguys, Cherkess, Kabardians, Natukhajs, Shapsugs, Ubykhs, Makhosh, Yegeruqways and Hatuqays, with significant populations in East Thrace, Germany, BulgariaIslam → SunnismHanafism, SufismNaqshbandism
CornishIndo-EuropeanCelticCornish
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishCornish English
BANZSLBritish Sign
United Kingdom Christianity → ProtestantismAnglicanism, Methodism
CorsicansIndo-EuropeanRomanceCorsicanFrance Christianity → Catholicism
CossacksIndo-EuropeanSlavicRussian, Ukrainian, BalachkaRussia, Ukraine, and neighboring regionsTerek Cossacks, Don Cossacks, Kuban Cossacks, Ural Cossacks, Astrakhan CossacksChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Crimean TatarsTurkicKipchak → [Crimean Tatar language|Tatar dialects|Middle Crimean Tatar], Northern Crimean Tatar, Dobrujan Tatar
TurkicOghuzBalkan GagauzSouthern Crimean Tatar
Indo-EuropeanIndo-AryanBalkan Romani → Crimean Romani
Ukraine Steppe, Mountain, and Southcoast tribes, Crimean Roma, along with Significant populations in RomaniaIslam → Sunnism
CroatsIndo-EuropeanSlavicSerbo-Croatian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign
Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Austria, and neighboring regions
Italy
Bunjevci, Krashovani, Janjevci, Šokci, Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats, Montenegrin Croats, Serbian Croats, Slovenian Croats, Burgenland Croats, Croat Muslims, along with significant populations in Italy, the Czech Republic, GermanyChristianity → Catholicism
CzechsIndo-EuropeanSlavicCzech
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Czech Sign
Czech Republic and neighboring regionsBohemians, Chodové, Chods, along with significant populations in Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, France, Poland, SerbiaChristianity → Catholicism
DanesIndo-EuropeanGermanicDanish, East Danish, Jutish
Francosign? → DTSicDanish Sign
Danish Realm, Germany Southern Schleswig DanesChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
DarginsNortheast CaucasianDarginRussia Kaitags, Southern Dargins, Chirags, Mehwebs, Tsudaqars, Northern Dargins Islam → Sunnism
Dobrujan TatarsTurkicKipchakDobrujan Tatar
Indo-EuropeanRomanceRomanian
Romania Islam → Sunnism
DauphinoisIndo-EuropeanRomanceFranco-Provençal → Dauphinois
Indo-EuropeanRomanceOccitanDauphinois-Alpine
FrancosignFrench Sign
France Christianity → Catholicism
DutchIndo-EuropeanGermanicLow Franconian, Dutch Low Saxon
FrancosignDutch Sign
NetherlandsNorthern Dutch, Southern Dutch Christianity
EnglishIndo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishEngland EnglishUnited Kingdom New Forest commoners, Vectensians, Berwickers, Northern English, Moonrakers, YorkshiremenChristianity
ErzyasUralicMordvinicErzyaRussia ShokshasChristianity → Russian Orthodoxy, ProtestantismLutheranism
Erzyan native religion
EstoniansUralicFinnicNorthern Estonian, Southern Estonian, Eastern Estonian, Northeastern coastal Estonian
FrancosignRSLicEstonian Sign
Estonia, Setomaa, Latvia Setos, Võros, Hiiumaans, Saaremaans, Mulgis, Ludza Estonians, Gauja Estonians, Tartu Estonians, Yestonians, with significant populations in FinlandChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
Faroe IslandersIndo-EuropeanGermanicFaroese, DanishGøtudansktDanish Realm Christianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
FinnsUralicFinnicFinnish, Meänkieli
Indo-EuropeanGermanicFinland Swedish
SSLicFSLic
Fennoscandia Forest Finns, Tornedalians, Ingrian Finns, Savonians, Tavastians, Finns proper, Ostrobothnians, Peräpohjalaiset, Finnish Karelians, Finland Swedes, Kainuu, and Murmansk Finns, along with significant populations in Sweden, SwitzerlandChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
FlemingsIndo-EuropeanGermanicZeelandic, West Flemish, DutchFlemish
Francosign → Belgian Sign → Flemish Sign
Belgium, France, Netherlands Belgian Flemings, Zeelandic Flemings, French FlemingsChristianity → Catholicism
ForeziensIndo-EuropeanRomanceFranco-ProvençalForezien
FrancosignFrench Sign
France Christianity → Catholicism
Francs-ComtoisIndo-EuropeanRomanceFrainc-ComtouFrance Christianity → Catholicism
FrenchIndo-EuropeanRomanceOïl
FrancosignFrench Sign
FranceParisiansChristianity → Catholicism
FrisiansIndo-EuropeanGermanicFrisian, Friso-Saxon, DutchWest Frisian Dutch
Indo-EuropeanGermanicDutch and West Lauwers FrisianStadsfries Dutch
Frisia West Frisians, East Frisians, North Frisians, Saterland FrisiansChristianity → ProtestantismCalvinism, Lutheranism
FriuliansIndo-EuropeanRomanceFriulianItaly Christianity → Catholicism
GagauzTurkicOghuzGagauzMoldova, Ukraine Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
GajalTurkicOghuzTurkish
Indo-EuropeanSlavicBulgarian
Bulgaria, Turkey Islam → Sunni Islam
GaliciansIndo-EuropeanRomanceGalician, SpanishCastrapoSpain Couto MixtansChristianity → Catholicism
GeorgiansKartvelian languagesPoland, Russia, Ukraine Adjarians, Gurians, Imeretians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Javakhians, Kakhetians, Khevsurians, Meskhetians, Mingrelians, Mokheves, Mtiuletians, Pshavs, Rachians, Svans, Tushetians.Christianity → Eastern OrthodoxyGeorgian Orthodoxy
GermansIndo-EuropeanGermanicHigh German, Low German, Limburgish
DGSicGerman Sign
Central and Eastern Europe Black Sea Germans, Crimea Germans, Volga Germans, Transylvania Saxons, Carpathian Germans, Bavarians, Palatines, Gottscheers, Silesian Germans, Swabians, Danube Swabians, Sudeten Germans, Baltic Germans, Liège Germans, North Schleswig Germans, Olomouc Germans, Bukovina Germans, Halcnovians, German-speaking Swiss, Austrians Significant populations in the United KingdomChristianity → Catholicism
GoralsIndo-EuropeanSlavicPolishGorolski
Indo-EuropeanSlavicSilesianCieszyn Silesian
Southern Poland, northern Slovakia, Cieszyn Silesia Żywiec Gorals, Silesian GoralsChristianity → Catholicism, ProtestantismLutheranism
GoraniIndo-EuropeanSlavicTorlakianGoraniGora Islam → Sunni Islam
GreeksIndo-EuropeanHellenic
TurkicKipchakUrum, TurkishKaramanli Turkish, Tsalka
Indo-EuropeanRomanceAromanian, Megleno-Romanian
Indo-EuropeanAlbanianArvanitika
Indo-EuropeanSlavicMacedo-Bulgarian
FrancosignFrench Sign and American SignGreek Sign
Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Ukraine, Turkey, Italy, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Russia, and neighboring regionsAsia Minor Greeks, Greek Muslims, Sarakatsani, Souliotes, Azov Greeks, Italiots, Macedonian Greeks, Tsakonians, Maniots, Karagounides, Phanariots, Caucasus Greeks, Sfakians, Slavophone Greeks, Corfiot Greeks, and sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks, along with significant populations in Albania, Eastern Thrace, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, MaltaChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, CatholicismGreek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
HinukhNortheast CaucasianTsezicHinuqRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
HungariansUralicHungarian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Hungarian Sign
Historically Indo-EuropeanIranicJassic
Hungary, Romania, and neighboring regionsPalóc, Matyó, Hungarian Cumans, Jasz, along with significant populations in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, GermanyChristianity → Catholicism, Hungarian Unitarianism, Eastern CatholicismHungarian Greek Catholicism
HunzibsNortheast CaucasianTsezicHunzibRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
IcelandersIndo-EuropeanGermanicIcelandic
FrancosignDTSicIcelandic Sign
IcelandChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism, Asartu
IngushesNortheast CaucasianNakhIngush, ChechenOrstkhoyRussia Orstkhoys, Dzherakhs, Sholkhis, Feappiis, Khamkhins, Tsorins, Galashians, Nazranians, other shaharsIslam → Sunni IslamShafi'i
Historically Vainakh religion
IrishIndo-EuropeanCelticIrish
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishHiberno-English
FrancosignIrish Sign
BANZSLBritish SignNorthern Ireland Sign
Historically Indo-EuropeanGermanicYola and Fingallian
IrelandIrish Catholics, Forth and Bargy people, significant populations in United Kingdom, Mainland EuropeChristianity → Catholicism and Protestantism
Irish TravellersIndo-EuropeanIrish and EnglishShelta;
FrancosignIrish Sign
IrelandSignificant populations in the United KingdomChristianity → Catholicism
Istro-RomaniansIndo-EuropeanRomanceIstro-RomanianCroatia Christianity → Catholicism
ItaliansIndo-EuropeanRomanceItalo-Dalmatian, Gallo-Italic
Indo-EuropeanSlavicSlavomolisano
Francosign → LISic → Italian Sign
Historically Indo-EuropeanRomanceDalmatian
Italy, Switzerland, France, San Marino, Vatican City, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Greece Lombards, Lombards of Sicily, Lombards of Basilicata, Emilians, Tuscans, Romagnols, Venetians, Piedmontese, Central Italians, Southern Italians, Extreme Southern Italians Molise Croats, Dalmatian Italians, Istrian Italians, Niçard Italians, Corfiot Italians, Swiss Italians, Ligurians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Romania, Croatia, Crimea, Belgium, Sweden, GibraltarChristianity → Catholicism
IzhoriansUralicFinnicIngrianRussia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
KalmyksMongolicCentral MongolicOiratKalmyk OiratRussia Dörbet Kalmyks, Torgut Kalmyks, Khoshut Kalmyks, Baatud Kalmyks, Khoid Kalmyks,BuddhismTibetan Buddhism
KarachaysTurkicKipchakKarachayRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
KaratasNortheast CaucasianAvar–AndicKarataRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
KareliansUralicFinnicKarelian, Ludic, Livvi-KarelianKarelia Tver Karelians, Olonets KareliansChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
KashubiansIndo-EuropeanSlavicKashubian
Historically Indo-EuropeanSlavicSlovincian
Poland Krubans, Slovincians, and Gochans, along with the Kashubian diaspora-
KazakhsTurkicKipchakKazakh
FrancosignRSLicRussian SignKazakh Sign
KazakhstanUly juz, Orta juz, Kishi juz, along with significant populations in RussiaIslam → Sunni Islam
KomiUralicPermicKomiRussia Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Komi-Yazva, Izhma KomiChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
KumyksTurkicKipchakKumykRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
KvensUralicFinnicFinnishKvenNorway Christianity → ProtestantismLutheranismLaestadianism
LadinsIndo-EuropeanRomanceLadinItaly Christianity → Catholicism
LaksNortheast CaucasianLakRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
LatviansIndo-EuropeanBalticLatvian, Latgalian
FrancosignRussian SignLatvian Sign
Latvia, Russia, Lithuania, and neighboring regionsLatgalians, Kursenieki, SeloniansChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
LezginsNortheast CaucasianLezgicLezgianLezgistan Islam → Sunni Islam
LiechtensteinersIndo-EuropeanGermanicAlemannic German
DGSic? → Swiss-German Sign
LiechtensteinChristianityCatholicism
Lipka TatarsIndo-EuropeanSlavicBelarusian, Polish
Indo-EuropeanBalticLithuanian
Belarus, Poland, LithuaniaIslam → Sunnism
LithuaniansIndo-EuropeanBalticLithuanian, Lithuanian SignLithuania, Poland, Russia, and neighboring regionsSamogitians, Aukštaitians, Lietuvninkai, along with significant populations in Poland and the United KingdomChristianity → Catholicism
LivoniansUralicFinnicLivonianLatvia, EstoniaChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
LorrainsIndo-EuropeanRomanceLorrainFrance Christianity → Catholicism
LuxembourgersIndo-EuropeanGermanicMoselle FranconianLuxembourgishLuxembourg, Belgium, and neighboring regionsChristianity → Catholicism
MacedoniansIndo-EuropeanSlavicMacedonian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav SignMacedonian Sign
North Macedonia and neighboring regionsTorbeši, Mijaks, along with significant populations in Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Sweden, Croatia, Austria, France, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Romania, Montenegro, Poland, the United KingdomChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
MainiotsIndo-EuropeanRomance → MayennaisFrance Christianity → Catholicism
MalteseAfroasiaticArabicMalteseMaltaGozitans, with significant populations in Greece Christianity → Catholicism
ManxIndo-EuropeanCelticManx, Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishManx EnglishCrown Dependencies Christianity → Protestantism
MarisUralicMariRussia [Meadow Mari language|Mari language|Meadow Mari], Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari, Eastern Mari, Mountain MariChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Mari Native Religion
MennonitesIndo-EuropeanSlavicRussian
Indo-EuropeanGermanicGerman, Dutch, English
Indo-EuropeanRomanceSpanish
EuropeRussian Mennonites, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites Christianity → AnabaptismMennonitism
MokshasUralicMordvinicMokshaRussia Christianity → Russian Orthodox, ProtestantismLutheranism
Mokshas native religion
MoldovansIndo-EuropeanRomanceRomanian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Moldova Sign
MoldovaSignificant populations in Romania, Ukraine, RussiaChristianity → Eastern OrthodoxyRomanian Orthodoxy
MontenegrinsIndo-EuropeanSlavicShtokavianMontenegrin
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign
Montenegro and neighboring regionsMontenegrin tribes, with significant populations in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Germany, LuxembourgChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
MoraviansIndo-EuropeanSlavicCzechMoravianCzech Republic Moravian Vlachs, Moravian SlovaksChristianity → Catholicism
MuslimaniIndo-EuropeanSlavicSerbo-CroatianSerbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, North Macedonia, and neighboring regionsIslam
NenetsUralicSamoyedicNenetsRussia Forest Nenets, Tundra NenetsShamanism, Animism
NogaisTurkicKipchakNogaiRussia Ak Nogai, KaragashIslam → Sunni Islam
NormansIndo-EuropeanRomanceNormanFrance Christianity → Catholicism
NorwegiansIndo-EuropeanGermanicNorwegian
Indo-EuropeanGermanicDano-NorwegianUrban East Norwegian, Bokmål, Riksmål
FrancosignDTSicNorwegian Sign
NorwayKola Norwegians, Svalbarders, along with Significant populations in Finland, the United KingdomChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
OccitansIndo-EuropeanRomanceOccitan, GardiolOccitania Aranese, Auvergnats, Provençaux, Languedociens, Limousins, Gascons, Périgourdins, Dauphinois, Camarguais, Nicois, Guardiota, Monégasque OccitansChristianity
OrcadiansIndo-EuropeanGermanicScotsOrcadian
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishScottish English
BANZSLBritish Sign
historically Indo-EuropeanGermanicNorn
United Kingdom Christianity → ProtestantismPresbyterianism
OssetiansIndo-EuropeanIranicOssetianOssetia Iron, DigorChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
PodlashuksIndo-EuropeanSlavicUkrainian or BelarusianPodlachianPoland Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism
PicardsIndo-EuropeanRomancePicardFrance ArtésiensChristianity → Catholicism
PoitevinsIndo-EuropeanRomance → Poitevin-Saintogeais → PoitevinFrance Christianity → Catholicism
PolesIndo-EuropeanSlavicPolish, BelarusianSimple speech
Polish Sign
Poland, Czech Republic, Kresy, and neighboring regionsMasovians, Greater Polish, Lesser Polish, Kociewians, Łęczycans, Polish Uplanders, Sieradzans, Borderlands Poles, Tuchola Borowians, Kocievians,, and Warmians, as well as Significant populations in Germany, Iceland, Sweden, France, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Belarus, Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Ireland, and NorwayChristianity → Catholicism
PoleshuksIndo-EuropeanSlavicBelarusian or UkrainianWest PolesianPolesia Christianity
PomaksIndo-EuropeanSlavicBulgarianBulgaria, Turkey, Greece Islam
PortugueseIndo-EuropeanRomancePortuguese, BarranquenhoPortugalAlentejans, Algarveans, Azoreans, Barranquenhos, Beiroes, Madeirans, Mindericos, Minhotos, Olivenzans, Ribatejanos, TransmontanosChristianity → Catholicism
QarataysTurkicKipchakTatar → QatarayRussia Christianity → Eastern OrthodoxyRussian Orthodoxy
Christianity → ProtestantismBaptism
ReisendeIndo-EuropeanGermanicNorwegianNorwayChristianity
ResiansIndo-EuropeanSlavicSloveneResianItaly Christianity → Catholicism
RomaIndo-EuropeanIndo-AryanRomani, Para-Romani
Indo-EuropeanRomanceRomanianBoyash
Europe, Turkey, North CaucasusKalderash, Iberian Cales, Erromintxela, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Vlax Roma, Romanichal, Lowland Scottish Travellers, Burgenland Roma, Sinti, Belaruska Roma, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, Ruska Roma, Crimean Roma, Gurbeti, Xoraxane Roma, Romanisal, Bergitka Roma, Polska Roma, Cascarots, Ursari, Romanlar, Wallachian Roma, Servitka Roma, Lovari, Boyash, along with significant populations in Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Eastern Thrace, Ukraine, the United KingdomChristianity, Islam
RomandsIndo-EuropeanRomanceFranco-Provencal, Frainc-Comtou, FrenchSwiss French
FrancosignSwiss-French Sign
Switzerland Christianity → Catholicism, ProtestantismCalvinism
RomaniansIndo-EuropeanRomanceRomanian
FrancosignRomanian Sign
Romania, MoldovaNorthern Dobrujans, Transylvanians, Wallachians, Moldavians, Bukovinians, along with significant populations in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, the United KingdomChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
RomanshIndo-EuropeanRomanceRomanshSwitzerland Christianity
RussiansIndo-EuropeanSlavicRussian
FrancosignRussian Sign
Russia, Ukraine, and neighboring regionsCaucasus Russians, Siberians, Cossacks, Pomors, Subbotniks, Old Believers, Karyms, Gurans, Doukhobors, Goryuns, Molokans, Polekhs, Starozhily, along with significant populations in Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, UkraineChristianity → Spiritual Christianity, Eastern OrthodoxyRussian Orthodoxy, Old Believerism and Old Ritualism
Christianity and AnimismEastern Orthodoxy and AnimismPomor Christianity
RusynsIndo-EuropeanSlavicCarpathian Rusyn, Pannonian RusynTranscarpathia, Pannonian Plain, Romania, Lemkovyna Pannonian Rusyns, Lemkos, Hutsuls, Boykos,,, with significant populations in RomaniaChristianity → Eastern Catholicism
RutulsNortheast CaucasianLezgicRutulRussia Islam → Sunni Islam
SámiUralicSámi
Historically UralicSámiAkkala Sámi, Kemi Sámi, Kainuu Sámi
Sápmi Inari Sámi, Kildin Sámi, Lule Sámi, Northern Sámi, Pite Sámi, Skolt Sámi, Southern Sámi, Ter Sámi, Ume Sámi, Akkala SámiChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
SardiniansIndo-EuropeanRomanceSardinian, Sassarese, Gallurese, CastellaneseItaly Logudorese, Campidanese, Sassarese, GallureseChristianity → Catholicism
SavoyardsIndo-EuropeanRomanceFranco-ProvençalSavoyardFrance Christianity → Catholicism
ScotsIndo-EuropeanGermanicScots, EnglishScottish English
Indo-EuropeanCelticScottish Gaelic
BANZSLBritish Sign
United Kingdom Ulster Scots, Highlanders, Lowlanders, Berwickers, along with significant populations in RussiaChristianity → ProtestantismCalvinism
Scottish Highland TravellersIndo-EuropeanCelticScottish GaelicBeurla ReagairdUnited Kingdom Christianity → Catholicism
SerbsIndo-EuropeanSlavicShtokavianSerbian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav SignSerbian Sign
Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Romania, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, North MacedoniaKosovo Serbs, Montenegrin Serbs, Croatian Serbs, Bosnian Serbs, Macedonian Serbs, Romanian Serbs, Hungarian Serbs, Albanian Serbs, Bulgarian Serbs, Slovenian Serbs, Vojvodinian Serbs, Triestine Serbs, Serb Muslims, along with significant populations in Greece, Germany, Austria, France, Slovakia, and SwedenChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
ShetlandersIndo-EuropeanGermanicScotsShetlandic
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishScottish English
BANZSLBritish Sign
Historically Indo-EuropeanGermanicNorn
United Kingdom Christianity → ProtestantismPresbyterianism
ShopiIndo-EuropeanSlavicBulgarianShopluk Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
SilesiansIndo-EuropeanSlavicSilesian
Indo-EuropeanGermanicSilesian German
Silesia Cieszyn Vlachs, Christianity → Catholicism, ProtestantismLutheranism
SlovaksIndo-EuropeanSlavicSlovak
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Slovak Sign
Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, and surrounding regionsSignificant populations in Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, Serbia, CroatiaChristianity → Catholicism
SlovenesIndo-EuropeanSlavicSlovene
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign → Slovenian Sign
Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Croatia, and surrounding regionsHungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Prekmurje Slovenes, Italian Slovenes, Croatian Slovenes along with significant populations in the Croatia, and ItalyChristianity → Catholicism
SorbsIndo-EuropeanSlavicSorbianLusatia Upper Sorbs, Lower SorbsChristianity → Catholicism
SpaniardsIndo-EuropeanRomanceSpanish, Extremaduran, Asturleonese, Barranquenho, Quinqui jargon
Spanish Sign
Historically Indo-EuropeanRomanceAndalusi Romance, Old Riojan, Navarrese Romance
Spain, Portugal Andalusians, Barranquenhos, Castilians, Leonese, Cantabrians, Extremadurans, Mercheros, OlivenzansChristianity → Catholicism
SwabiansIndo-EuropeanGermanicAlemannic GermanSwabian GermanGermany ChristianityCatholicism
SwedesIndo-EuropeanGermanicSwedish, Dalecarlian, Gutnish, Norrlandic, Jamtska, East DanishScanian
SSLicSwedish Sign
Sweden, Estonia, Ukraine Scanians, Jamtish, Gutnish, Dalecarlians, Estonian Swedes along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, UkraineChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
Timok VlachsIndo-EuropeanRomanceRomanian
SlavicShtokavianSerbian
Serbia Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
TorangeuxIndo-EuropeanRomance → TourangeauFrance Christianity → Catholicism
TorbešiIndo-EuropeanSlavicMacedonianNorth MacedoniaIslam → Sunni Islam
TurksTurkicOghuzTurkish, Rumelian Turkish
Indo-EuropeanIndo-AryanBalkan RomaniRumelian Romani
Turkish Sign
North Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Southeast EuropeRumelian Turks, Yörüks, Amuca, Turkish Roma, along with significant populations in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, SwedenIslam → Sunni Islam, Alevism
TutejszyIndo-EuropeanSlavicPolish, East Slavic,
Indo-EuropeanBalticEastern Baltic
Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, LatviaChristianity → Catholicism, Eastern OrthodoxyRussian Orthodoxy
UdisNortheast CaucasianLezgicUdiRussia, UkraineChristianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
UdmurtsUralicPermicUdmurtRussia BesermyanChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
UkrainiansIndo-EuropeanSlavicUkrainian, Surzhyk, Russian
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Ukrainian Sign
Ukraine, Transcarpathia, Belarus Cossacks, Litvins, Pinchuks, Afro-Ukrainians, Podolyans, along with significant populations in France, Portugal, Kazakhstan, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Serbia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and RomaniaChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, CatholicismUkrainian Greek Catholicism
Ulster ProtestantsIndo-EuropeanGermanicScotsUlster Scots
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishUlster English
BANZSLBritish Sign
Ulster Christianity → Protestantism
ValenciansIndo-EuropeanRomanceCatalanValencian
LSCicValencian Sign
Spain Christianity → Catholicism
Vaqueiros de alzadaIndo-EuropeanRomanceAsturleoneseSpain Christianity and traditional folk religionFolk CatholicismVaqueiro religion
VepsiansUralicFinnicVepsRussia Christianity → Eastern OrthodoxyRussian Orthodoxy
VilamoviansIndo-EuropeanGermanicWymysorysPoland Christianity → Catholicism
Volga TatarsTurkicKipchakCentral Tatar, Mishar TatarRussia, FinlandAstrakhan Tatars, Mishar Tatars, Kasimov Tatars, Kazan Tatars, Kryashens, Nagaybaks, Nukrat Tatars, Perm Tatars, Islam → Sunni Islam
VotiansUralicFinnicVoticRussia, Estonia, Latvia Kreevins, Poluverniki, KukkuziChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
WalloonsIndo-EuropeanRomanceWalloon, Picard, FrenchBelgian French
Francosign → Belgian Sign → French Belgian Sign
Belgium, France, Netherlands, Germany, LuxembourgSignificant populations in the NetherlandsChristianity → Catholicism
WelshIndo-EuropeanCelticWelsh
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishWelsh English
BANZSLBritish Sign
United Kingdom Christianity → Protestantism
WoonwagenbewonderIndo-EuropeanGermanicDutch → BargoensNetherlandsChristianity
YenishIndo-EuropeanGermanicYenishGermany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and FranceChristianity, Judaism
YugoslavsIndo-EuropeanSlavicSerbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene
Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign
Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, North Macedonia, CroatiaSignificant populations in SerbiaChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism
Islam → Sunni Islam