List of contemporary ethnic groups of North America

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups of North America. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
North America here is considered to be approximately delimited from Europe by the Greenland Sea ; from South America by the Darién Gap and the portion of the Caribbean Sea north of Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Nueva Esparta, Providencia, San Andrés, Trinidad, and Tobago; from Asia by the Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait, and Bering Sea ; and from Oceania by the Polynesian Triangle and Micronesia.

Ethnic groups

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.

Ethnicity	Language	Primary homeland	Subgroups, tribes & castes	Religion
Abenaki	Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki Historically Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki	Canada, United States	Western Abenaki, Eastern Abenaki	Abenaki religion
Achi'	Mayan → Quichean → Achi	Guatemala	Rabinal, Cubulco	Christianity, Mayan religion
African-Americans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English, Samaná English Indo-European → French-based creoles → Louisiana Creole Indo-European → English-based creoles → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign	United States, Mexico, Dominican Republic	Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Black Native Americans, Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, Afro-Romani Americans, along with significant populations in Canada	Christianity → Protestantism → Black church Hoodoo, Islam
Afro-Anguillians	Indo-European → Germanic → English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole → Anguillian Creole	Anguilla		Christianity
Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Antiguan and Barbudan English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole	Antigua and Barbuda	Antiguans, Barbudans	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist
Afro-Arubans	Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Papiamento Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English Indo-European → Romance → Spanish	Aruba		Christianity
Afro-Bahamians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bahamian English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bahamian Creole	The Bahamas		Christianity
Afro-Barbadians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bajan English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bajan Creole	Barbados		Christianity
Afro-Bermudians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bermudian English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois → Bermudian Creole	Bermuda		Christianity
Afro–Costa Ricans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Costa Rican Spanish Indo-European → English-based creoles → Limonese Creole	Costa Rica		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Cubans	Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Spanish → Cuban Spanish Indo-European → Germanic → English Cuban Sign Language Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Lucumí Atlantic–Congo and Indo-European → Kongo and Bozal Spanish → Habla Congo Historically Indo-European → Spanish-based creoles → Bozal Spanish	Cuba	Ganga-Longoba, Afro-Cuban Roma, Arará	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism Islam Afro-American religions: Abakuá, Arará, Cuban Vodú, Palo, Santería
Afro-Curaçaoans	Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Papiamento Indo-European → Romance → Spanish	Curaçao		Christianity
Afro-Dominicans	Indo-European → Germanic → English Indo-European → French-based creoles → Dominican Creole French	Dominica		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Dominicans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Dominican Spanish Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samaná English	Dominican Republic	Samaná Americans	Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism Dominican Vudú
Afro-Grenadians	Indo-European → English-based creoles → Grenadian Creole English Indo-European → French-based creoles → Grenadian Creole French	Grenada		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism Afro-American religions, Traditional African religions, Islam
Afro-Guatemalans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Guatemalan Spanish Indo-European → Germanic → English Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna	Guatemala		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Haitians	Indo-European → Romance → French → Haitian French Indo-European → French-based creoles → Haitian Creole	Haiti		Christianity → Catholicism Islam, Haitian Voudou
Afro-Jamaicans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole	Jamaica		Christianity, Convince, Jamaican Maroon religion, Kumina, Rastafari, Myal
Afro–Kittitians and Nevisians	Indo-European → Germanic → English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole → Saint Kitts Creole	Saint Kitts and Nevis		Christianity, Rastafari
Afro-Mexicans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Mexican Spanish	Mexico, United States	Mascogos, Blaxicans	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism Afro-American religions
Afro-Nicaraguans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Nicaraguan Spanish Indo-European → English-based creoles → Moskitian Creole, Rama Cay Creole	Nicaragua		Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Panamanians	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Panamanian Spanish Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois → Bocas del Toro Creole Historically Indo-European → French-based creoles → San Miguel Creole	Panama		Christianity → Catholicism
Afro–Puerto Ricans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Puerto Rican Spanish Indo-European → Germanic → Puerto Rican English Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Lucumí Atlantic–Congo and Indo-European → Kongo and Bozal Spanish → Habla Congo Historically Indo-European → Spanish-based creoles → Bozal Spanish	United States		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism African diaspora religions, Animism
Afro–Saint Lucians	Indo-European → French-based creoles → Saint Lucian Creole	Saint Lucia		Christianity, Kélé
Afro-Salvadorans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Salvadoran Spanish	El Salvador		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism African diaspora religions, Rastafari
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians	Indo-European → English-based creoles → Trinidadian Creole, Tobagonian Creole Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Caribbean Hindustani Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Trinidadian Spanish Indo-European → French-based creoles → Antillean Creole Indo-European → Germanic → English → Trinidadian and Tobagonian English	Trinidad and Tobago	Merikins, Cocoa panyols, Douglas	Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism Afro-American religions, Traditional African religions, Islam
Afro-Vincentians	Indo-European → English-based creoles → Vincentian Creole	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		Christianity
Afro–Virgin Islanders	Indo-European → English-based creoles → Virgin Islands Creole Indo-European → Zeelandic-based creole → Negerhollands	Virgin Islands, SSS islands		Christianity
Ahtna	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Ahtna	United States	Taral Band, Klutina Band, Gakona Band, Mendeltna Band, Denali Band, Chistochina Band, Batzulnetas Band, Mentasta Band	Christianity, Native American religion
Alabamas	Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama	United States		Christianity → Protestantism Ethnic religion
Alaskan Creoles	Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Alaskan Russian Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States		Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Alutiiq	Eskaleut → Yupik → Alutiiq	United States	Chugach	Christianity
Amish	Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch	United States	Old Order Amish, New Order Amish, Amish Mennonites, Para-Amish groups	Christianity → Anabaptism
Amuzgos	Oto-Manguean → Amuzgoan → Amuzgo	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Anglo-Americans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English, Canadian English, Bahamian English Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bahamian Creole Francosign → ASLic → American Sign	Anglo-America, United States, Commonwealth Caribbean, British Overseas Territories in the North America	English Americans, Anglo-Canadians, Bahamas Conchs	Christianity → Catholicism, Mormonism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Evangelicalism, Baptists
Apache	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean	United States	Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache	Native American religions → Native American Church
Arapaho	Algic → Algonquian → Arapaho	United States		Christianity, Native American Church
Assiniboine	Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine	Canada, United States	Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi	Traditional Assiniboine religion
Atikamekw	Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw	Canada		Christianity → Catholicism, Ethnic religion
Bay Islanders	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bay Islands English Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish Bay Islands Sign Language	Honduras		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Békés	Indo-European → Romance → French	Martinique, Guadeloupe		Christianity → Catholicism
Belizean Creoles	Indo-European → English-based creoles → Belizean Creole Indo-European → Germanic → English → Belizean English Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Belizean Spanish	Belize		Rastafari, Christianity → Protestantism
Black Canadians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French	Canada	Black Ontarians, Black Montrealers, Black New Brunswickers, Black Nova Scotians	Christianity, Islam
Blackfoot	Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot	Canada, United States	Kainai, Piegan, Siksika	Native American Church, Christianity
Bokota	Chibchan → Buglere	Panama		Native American religion
Boruca	Chibchan → Boruca, Brunca Sign Language	Costa Rica		Native American religion
Bribri	Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign	Costa Rica		Talamancan mythology
Cabécar	Chibchan → Isthmus → Cabécar	Costa Rica		Christianity
Caddo	Caddoan → Caddo	United States		Peyote religion, Christianity
Cahuilla	Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla	United States	Pass Cahuilla, Mountain Cahuilla, Desert Cahuilla	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Moravian Ethnic religion
Cayuga	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga	Canada, United States		Longhouse Religion
Chatinos	Oto-Manguean → Zapotecan → Chatino	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Chehalis	Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis	United States	Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis	Ethnic religion
Cherokee	Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee	United States	Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen	Christianity, Four Mothers Society
Cheyennes	Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne Plains Indian Sign	United States		Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Chichimeca Jonaz	Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Chichimeca Jonaz	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism, Shamanism
Chickasaw	Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw	United States		Ethnic religion, Christianity → Protestantism
Chipewyan	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan	Canada		Christianity, Animism
Choctaw	Muskogean → Choctaw	United States	Choctaw Freedmen, Nation of Oklahoma, Mississippi Band, Jena Band	Christianity, Choctaw religion
Ch'ol	Mayan → Cholan → Ch'ol	Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Chontal Maya	Mayan → Cholan → Chontal Maya	Mexico	Nacajuca, Tamulte, Macuspana, Centla	Christianity, Mayan religion
Ch'orti'	Mayan → Cholan → Ch'orti'	Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras		Christianity → Catholicism, Maya religion
Chuj	Mayan → Q'anjobalan → Chuj	Guatemala, Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Chumash	Chumashan languages	United States		Christianity, Native American religion
Clatsop	Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Romance → Chinook Jargon historically Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop	United States		Native American religion
Cocopah	Yuman → Cocopah	Mexico, United States		Native American religion
Comanche	Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States		Native American Church, Christianity
Cora	Uto-Aztecan → Corachol → Cora	Mexico, United States		Native American religion, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Coushatta	Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati	United States		Christianity
Cree	Algic → Algonquian → Cree	Canada	James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase	Christianity
Crow	Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow	United States		Christianity, Crow religion
Dakota	Siouan → Sioux → Dakota	United States, Canada	Santee, Yankton-Yanktonai	Native American Religions
Dane-zaa	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dane-zaa	Canada		Christianity, Native American religion
Deg Xit'an	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag	United States		Christianity
Dena'ina	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dena'ina	United States		Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Animism
Dominickers	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States		Christianity
Eyak	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Eyak Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States		Christianity
Fox	Algic → Algonquian → Fox	United States	Sac and Fox Nation, Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa	Native American religion
Franco-Americans	Indo-European → Romance → French → American French Indo-European → French-based creoles → Louisiana Creole Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English historically Indo-European → French-based creoles → Alabama Creole	French America	Saint-Pierrais and Miquelonnais, French Canadians, French Louisianians, Alabama Creoles	Christianity → Catholicism Louisiana Voodoo
Gabrieleños	Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno	United States		Native American religion, Christianity
Garifunas	Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna Indo-European → English-based creoles → Vincentian Creole, Belizean Creole	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua	Significant populations in the United States	Christianity → Catholicism
Gitxsan	Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan	Canada		Native American religion
Gros Ventre	Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre	United States		Sun Dance
Guna	Chibchan → Isthmus → Guna	Panama		Native American religion
Gwich'in	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in	Canada, United States		Native American religion
Haida	Haida languages, historically Haida Jargon	Canada, United States	Kaigani Haida	Haida Traditional Faith
Haisla	Wakashan → Northern → Haisla	Canada		Native American religion
Hän	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han	Canada, United States		Native American religion
Heiltsuk	Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk	Canada		Native American religion
Hispanic Americans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish	Hispanic North America	Mexicans, Guatemalans, Cubans, Dominicans, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Costa Rican, Panamanians, Isleños, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Ricans, Hispanic Americans in the United States, colonial-era Hispanos in the US and their modern descendants, Spanish Americans, along with the Latin American diaspora	Christianity → Catholicism
Ho-Chunk	Siouan → Western Siouan → Ho-Chunk	United States	Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska	Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Holikachuk	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Holikachuk	United States		Christianity, Animism
Hopi	Uto-Aztecan → Northern → Hopi	United States		Christianity, Native American Church
Huave	Huave	Mexico	San Dionisio del Mar Huave, San Francisco del Mar Huave, San Mateo del Mar Huave, San María del Mar Huave	Native American religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Huichols	Uto-Aztecan → Corachol → Huichol	Mexico, United States		Native American religion, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Hutterites	Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German	Great Plains	Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut	Christianity → Protestantism → Anabaptism
Indo-Caribbeans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil	Caribbean	Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, with significant populations in the United States	Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
Innu	Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Naskapi	Canada	Naskapi, Nutashkuan Innu, Ekuanitshit Innu, Mushuau Innu, Sheshatshiu Innu, Matimekush-Lac John Innu, Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu, Essipit Innu, Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu, Pessamit Innu, Pakuashipi Innu, Unamenshipit Innu	Animism
Inughuit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuktun	Danish Realm		Christianity, Inuit religion
Inuktitut	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuktitut	Canada	Iglulingmiut	Christianity, Inuit religion
Inupiat	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inupiaq	United States	Sivunmiut, Qawiaraq Inupiat, Nunamiut, Malimiut, Taġiuġmiut	Christianity, Inuit religion
Inuvialuit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuvialuktun	Canada	Sallirmiut, Kangiryuarmiut, Uummarmiut	Christianity, Inuit religion
Iowa	Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere	United States	Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma, Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska	Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Itza	Mayan → Yucatecan → Itza'	Guatemala		Christianity, Mayan religion
Ixcatec	Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Ixcatec	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism; Native American religion
Ixil	Mayan → Mamean → Ixil	Guatemala, Mexico	Chajuleño, Nebajeño	Christianity, Mayan religion
Jamaican Maroons	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole	Jamaica		Kumfu
Kalaallit	Eskaleut → Inuit languages → Kalaallisut	Danish Realm		Christianity, Inuit religion
Kablunângajuit	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English	Canada		Christianity
Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	United States	Tualatin, Yamhill, Ahantchuyuk, Luckiamute, Santiam, Chepenefa, Chemapho, Tsankupi, Mohawk (Oregon), Chafan, Chelamela, Winefelly, Yoncalla	Native American religion
Kalinago	Indo-European → Germanic → English Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna Indo-European → English-based creoles → Vincentian Creole	Lesser Antilles		Christianity → Catholicism
Kangiryuarmiut	Eskaleut → Inuit → Kangiryuarmiutun	Canada		Christianity, Inuit religion
Kaqchikel	Mayan → Quichean → Kaqchikel	Guatemala, Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Karuks	Karuk language	United States		Christianity
Kaska Dena	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska	Canada		Native American religion
Kaw	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Kansa	United States		Christianity, Native American Church, Native American religion
Keres	Keresan languages, Keresan Sign Language	United States	Eastern Keres Western Keres	Syncretised form of Christianity and Pueblo religion
K'iche'	Mayan → Quichean → K'iche'	Guatemala, Mexico	Central, East, North, West, South	Christianity, Maya religion
Kickapoo	Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo	United States, Mexico	Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma	Native American Church, Christianity
Kiowa	Tanoan → Kiowa	United States		Christianity, Native American Church
Klallam	Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam	United States, Canada	Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam	Christianity, Shamanism
Koyukon	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon	United States		Christianity, Animism
Kwakwaka'wakw	Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala	Canada		Native American religion
Lacandon	Mayan → Yucatecan → Lacandon	Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Lakota	Siouan → Sioux → Lakota	United States, Canada	Sicangu, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, Sihasapa	Lakota Religion, Christianity
Lenape	Algic → Algonquian → Munsee Historically Algic → Algonquian → Unami	United States, Canada	Munsee, Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians	Traditional Lenape religion
Lenca	Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish	Honduras, El Salvador		Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom
Lower Cowlitz	Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz	United States		Native American religion
Lumbee	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Lumbee English	United States		Christianity
Makah	Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah	United States		Native American religion
Mam	Mayan → Mamean → Mam	Guateamala		Christianity, Mayan Religion
Mayangna	Misumalpan → Sumo	Nicaragua	Panamahka, Tawahka, Ulwa	Christianity
Mayles	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States		Christianity → Protestantism
Mayo	Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Mayo	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
Mazahua	Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Mazatec	Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan	Mexico	Ayautla	Christianity → Catholicism
Melungeons	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English	United States	Carmel Indians	Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists
Mennonites	Indo-European → Germanic → German, Dutch, English	North America	Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites, with significant populations in Belize, El Salvador, and Mexico	Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism
Menominee	Indo-European → Germanic → English Algic → Algonquian → Menominee	United States	Keshena, Legend Lake, Middle Village, Neopit, Zoar	Christianity → Catholicism, Big Drum, Native American Church
Métis	Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi	Canada, United States	Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis	Christianity
Mi'kmaq	Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq	Canada, United States	Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek	Christianity → Catholicism
Miami	Algic → Algonquian → Miami–Illinois → Miami proper	United States	Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw	Christianity, Native American religion
Miccosukee	Muskogean → Mikasuki	United States		Christianity, Native American religion
Miskito	Misumalpan → Miskito Indo-European → English-based creoles → Moskitian Creole	Mosquito Coast	Miskito Sambu	Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Missouria	Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere	United States		Christianity, Native American Church
Mixe	Mixe–Zoque → Mixe	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Mixtec	Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec	Mexico	Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec	Christianity → Catholicism
Mohawk	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk	Canada, United States		Animism, Christianity
Monacans	Historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo	United States		Christianity
Mopan	Mayan → Yucatecan → Mopan	Belize, Guatemala		Christianity, Mayan religion
Muscogee	Muskogean → Muscogee, Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki	United States	Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen	Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society
Nahuas	Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl	Mexico	Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil	Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion
Nakoda	Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney	Canada	Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney	Christianity
Naso	Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe	Panama		Native American religion
Natchez	Natchez language	United States	Eastern Band	Christianity, Native American religion
Navajo	Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo Navajo Family Sign	United States		Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church
Netsilik	Eskaleut → Inuit → Natsilingmiutut	Canada		Christianity, Inuit religion
Nez Perce	Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce, Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States		Waashat Religion, Christianity
Ngabe	Chibchan → Guaymi	Panama		Christianity → Catholicism
Nipmucs	Historically Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Massachusett	United States	Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation	Manito, Christianity
Nisga'a	Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Nisga'a	Canada		Native American religion
Nooksack	Salishan → Coast Salish → Nooksack	United States		Native American religion, Christianity
NunatuKavummiut	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English	Canada		Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism Animism
Nuu-chah-nulth	Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth	Canada		Native American religion
Nuxalk	Salishan → Nuxalk	Canada		Native American religion
O'odham	Uto-Aztecan → Piman → O'odham	Mexico, United States	Akimel O'odham, Tohono O'odham, Hia C-eḍ O'odham	Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
Odawa	Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa	Canada, United States		Midewiwin, Animism, Traditional religion, Christianity
Oji-Cree	Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree	Canada		Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, Christianity
Ojibwe	Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe	Anishinaabeland	Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians	Midewiwin
Omaha	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca	United States		Christianity, Native American religion
Oneida	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida	Canada, United States		Longhouse Religion
Onondaga	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga	Canada, United States		Longhouse Religion, Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io, Christianity
Opata	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish Historically Uto-Aztecan → Opata	Mexico	Eudeve, Teguima, Jova	Christianity → Catholicism
Osage	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Osage Indo-European → Germanic → English Indo-European → Romance → French	United States		Christianity, Inlonshka, Traditional Spirituality
Otoe	Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere	United States		Native American Church, Christianity
Otomi	Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Pame	Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Pame	Mexico	Northern Pame, Southern Pame, Central Pame	Native American religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Pawnee	Caddoan → Northern → Pawnee	United States		Christianity, Native American Church
Pennsylvania Dutch	Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English	United States	Schwenkfelders, River Brethren	Christianity → Protestantism
Ponca	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca	United States		Christianity, Native American Church
Poqomam	Mayan → Quichean → Poqomam	Guatemala		Christianity, Maya religion
Poqomchi	Mayan → Quichean → Poqomchi'	Guatemala		Christianity → Catholicism, Maya religion
Potawatomi	Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi	Canada		Midewiwin, Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Methodism
Powhatans	Indo-European → Germanic → English Historically Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian	United States		Christianity, Native American religion
Punjabi Mexican Americans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States		Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity
Purepecha	Purépechan languages	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Q'anjob'al	Mayan → Q'anjobalan → Q'anjob'al	Guatemala, Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Quapaw	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Quapaw	United States		Christianity, Native American religion, Native American Church
Quechan	Yuman → Quechan	United States		Native American religion, Christianity
Q'eqchi'	Mayan → Quichean → Q'eqchi	Guatemala, Belize, Mexico		Native American religion
Rama	Chibchan → Rama Indo-European → English-based creoles → Miskito Coast Creole → Rama Cay Creole	Nicaragua		Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Redbones	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States		Christianity
Sac	Algic → Algonquian → Sauk	United States	Sac and Fox Nation, Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa	Native American religion
Salinan	Salinan language	United States		Native American religion
Sekani	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Sekani	Canada		Christianity, Animism
Seminoles	Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole	United States, Mexico	Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles, Florida Seminoles	Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism Green Corn Ceremony
Seneca	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca	Canada, United States		Longhouse Religion, Christianity
Serrano	Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Serrano	United States	Mountain Serrano, Desert Serrano	Native American religion
Shawnee	Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee	United States	[Absentee Shawnee language\|Shawnee Tribe of Indians\|Absentee Shawnee], Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe	Indigenous religion
Shoshone	Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni	Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah	Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute	Native American Church, Christianity
Siglit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Sallirmiutun	Canada		Christianity, Inuit religion
Sirenik	Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, historically Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik	Russia		Christianity, formerly shamanism
Skokomish	Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana	United States		Christianity → Indian Shaker Church
Slavey	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey	Canada	Deh Cho, Sahtu	Christianity, Animism
South Carolina Turks	Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States		Islam
Squamish	Salishan → Coast Salish → Squamish	Canada	Senakw, X̱wáýx̱way, X̱wemelch'stn, Stawamus	Irreligion, Christianity
Tagish	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish	Canada		Christianity, Animism
Tahltan	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan	Canada		Christianity, Animism
Taidnapam	Historically Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Romance → Chinook Jargon	United States	Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz	Native American religion
Taino	Arawakan → Taino	Greater Antilles		Native American religion
Tanana Athabaskans	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross	United States, Canada	Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana	Christianity, Shamanism
Taos	Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos	United States		Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Tarahumara	Uto-Aztecan → Tarahumaran → Tarahumara	Mexico		Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Tepehuán	Uto-Aztecan → Piman → Tepehuán	Mexico		Tepehuán Mythology, Shamanism, Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Tewa	Tanoan → Tewa	United States		Christianity, Pueblo religion
Tlapanec	Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Tlicho	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tlicho	Canada		Christianity, Animism
Tlingit	Na-Dene → Tlingit	Canada, United States		Alaska Native religion
Tojolabal	Mayan → Q'anjobalan → Tojolab'al	Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Totonac	Totonac	Mexico		Christianity, Native American religion
Tsimshian	Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic	Canada, United States	Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw	Alaskan Native religion
Tsuut'ina	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tsuut'ina	Canada		Christianity, Native American religion
Tunica-Biloxi	Indo-European → Germanic → English Indo-European → Romance → French Tunica language Historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi	United States	Biloxi, Tunica	Native American religion, Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism
Tunumiit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Tunumiisut	Danish Realm		Inuit religion, Christianity
Tuscarora	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora	Canada, United States		Longhouse Religion, Christianity
Tutchones	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone	Canada	Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones	Native American religion
Tzeltal	Mayan → Cholan → Tzeltal	Mexico		Christianity, Mayan religion
Tzotzil	Tzotzil	Mayan → Cholan → Tzotzil		Christianity, Mayan religion, Islam
Tz'utujil	Mayan → Quichean → Tz'utujil	Guatemala		Christianity → Catholicism, Maya religion
Umatilla	Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla	United States		Native American religion
Upper Kuskokwim	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim	United States		Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Ute	Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute	United States		Native American Church, Christianity
Walla Walla	Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla	United States		Waashat Religion
Wampanoag	Algic → Algonquian → Wampanoag	United States	Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)	Native American religion, Christianity
Wassamasaw	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States		Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism
Wichita	Caddoan → Wichita	United States		Native American Church, Christianity, Native American religion
Wuikinuxv	Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala	Canada		Native American religion
Xinca	Xincan	Guatemala		Native American religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Yaqui	Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Yaqui	Mexico, United States		Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Yellowknives	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan	Canada		Christianity
Yucatec Maya	Mayan → Yucatecan → Yucatec Maya	Mexico, Belize		Christianity, Mayan religion
Yuchi	Yuchi language	United States		Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism Stomp Dance, Native American Church
Yup'ik	Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik	United States	Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik	Christianity, Shamanism
Zapotecs	Oto-Manguean → Zapotecan → Zapotec	Mexico	Ixtlan	Christianity → Catholicism
Zonians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	Panama		Christianity
Zoque	Mixe–Zoque → Zoque	Mexico		Christianity → Catholicism
Zuni	Zuni language	United States		Christianity

Lists of ethnic groups

;By status:

;Regional lists: