Berta language
Berta proper, a.k.a. Gebeto, is spoken by the Berta in Sudan and Ethiopia. As of 2006 Berta had approximately 180,000 speakers in Sudan.
The three Berta languages, Gebeto, Fadashi and Undu, are often considered dialects of a single language. Berta proper includes the dialects Bake, Dabuso, Gebeto, Mayu, and Shuru; the dialect name Gebeto may be extended to all of Berta proper.
Phonology
Consonants
- Voiced plosives /b, d, ɡ/ may be heard as voiceless in free variation, word-initially or word-finally.
- A glottal stop mainly occurs between vowels, and may also be heard before word-initial vowel sounds.
- Nasal-stop sequences may occur morpheme-initially as .
- /ŋ/ is heard as when preceding a front vowel /i/ or /e/.
- /kʼ/ is heard as a palatal when before front vowels.
- /ɡ/ can be heard as voiced palatal or as a voiceless palatal when before front vowels.
- /h/ in word-final position can be heard as a fricative .
- /s, θ/ may sometimes occur as slightly voiced in vocalic or nasal environments.
Vowels
- If a non-closed vowel sound, /ɛ/ or /ɔ/, are adjacent to a closed vowel sound like /i/ or /u/ within vowel harmony, they are then heard as more closed .
| Phoneme | Allophone |
| /i/ | ,,, |
| /a/ | ,,,, |
| /u/ | ,, |
Pronouns
The pronouns of Berta are as follows:| Topic | Postverbal subject | Postverbal object | |
| I | |||
| you | |||
| he, she, it | |||
| we | |||
| you | |||
| they |