List of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa
The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Africa here is considered to be approximately delimited from South America by the South Atlantic Ocean; from Asia by the Red Sea, Suez Canal, and Gulf of Aden; and from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Sicily, and Strait of Gibraltar.
Ethnic groups
The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.| Ethnicity | Language | Primary homeland | Subgroups, tribes & castes | Religion |
| Abagusii | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii | Kenya | Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, Ababasi | Christianity, Traditional African religion |
| Acholi | Nilotic → Luo → Acholi | South Sudan, Uganda | Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Nwoya, Pader, Omoro | Christianity, Islam |
| Adjoukrou | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru | Ivory Coast | Akradio, Agneby, Armébé, Gbougbo, Vieil-Aklodj, Débrimou, Lopou, Tiaha, Kpass, Orbaff, Bonn, Kaka, Kpanda, Mopoyem, Cosrou, Dabouly, Abraniamienbro, Bodou, Bouboury, Agbaille, Yassap, Vieux-Badien, Youhouli, N'gatty, Toupah | Christianity |
| Afar | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia | Asaimara, Adoimara | Islam, Early Cushitic |
| Afemai | Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai | Nigeria | Agenebode, Weppa, Oshiolo, Emokwemhe Iviagbapue, Auchi, Ihievbe, Afuze, Warrake, Iviukwe, South Ibie, Agbede, Sabongida Ora, Igarra, Ekperi, Jattu, Fugar, Aviele, Okpella, Uneme Ehrunrun, Uneme Osu, Iviukhua, Ososo, Uzanu, Uzebba, Iviukhua, Weppa, Okpella, Okpekpe, Somorika | Christianity |
| Afrikaners | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | South Africa | Boers | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Agaw | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw | Horn of Africa | Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy |
| Aja | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja | Benin, Togo | West African Vodun | |
| Aka | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka | Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo | Traditional Aka religion | |
| Akans | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano, Avikam–Alladian, Potou, Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign Adamorobe Sign, Nanabin Sign | Ghana | Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi, Tchaman, Wasa | Christianity |
| Akie | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie Maasai | Tanzania | Traditional Akie religion | |
| Alur | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur | Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
| Ambundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu | Angola | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Amdang | Furan → Amdang | Sudan, Chad | Islam | |
| Americo-Liberians | Various languages of different African ethnic groups English English → Merico English → Liberian Kreyol | Liberia | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Amhara | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic | Ethiopia | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy | |
| Anglo-Africans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English, Zimbabwean English | South Africa, Zimbabwe, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | Anglo-South Africans Anglo-Zimbabweans Saint Helenians | Christianity |
| Anuak | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Christianity | |
| Arabs | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic Arab Sign, Sudanese sign languages | North Africa, Sahel | Bedouins, Egyptian Arabs, Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Sudanese Arabs, Arab Christians, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs, Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-Berbers | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria Christianity → Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism |
| Argobba | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba | Ethiopia | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Atyap | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tyap | Nigeria | Christianity, Abwoi | |
| Babur and Bura | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bura | Nigeria | Babur, Bura | Islam |
| Bagirmi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi | Chad | Islam → Folk Islam | |
| Bajju | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Jju | Nigeria | Christianity, Abwoi | |
| Bajuni | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Bajuni | Somalia, Kenya | Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism | |
| Bakossi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose | Cameroon | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Balanta | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia | Traditional African religions | |
| Balondo-ba-Konja | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo | Cameroon | Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion | |
| Bambara | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara | Mali | Islam | |
| Bamileke | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke | Cameroon | Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba | Christianity |
| Bamum | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum | Cameroon | Islam | |
| Banda | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda | Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda | Christianity |
| Bangweulu Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia | Traditional African Religion | |
| Bari | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari | South Sudan, Uganda | Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribes | Christianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Bariba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba | Borgu | Islam | |
| Bassa | Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa | Liberia | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism | |
| Basters | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | Namibia | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Batwa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | African Great Lakes | Traditional African religion | |
| Beja | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja | Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea | Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Bemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Bembe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania | Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions | |
| Bena | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena | Tanzania | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Berom | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom | Niger | Christianity | |
| Berta | Nilo-Saharan → Berta | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Islam | |
| Beti | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Eton | Cameroon | Ewondo, Eton | Christianity |
| Bissa | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa | Burkina Faso | Islam | |
| Boa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
| Bobo | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bobo | Burkina Faso, Mali | Traditional African religions | |
| Bolewa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bole | Nigeria | Islam | |
| Bondei | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei | Tanzania | Islam, Traditional African religions | |
| Bozo | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo | Mali | Islam | |
| Bubi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube | Equatorial Guinea | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Budu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
| Buduma | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina | Lake Chad | Islam | |
| Bwa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa | Burkina Faso, Mali | Traditional African religions | |
| Bwatiye | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bacama | Nigeria | Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism | |
| Cafres | French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole | Réunion | Christianity | |
| Cape Muslims | Historically Malay, Makassarese, Dutch, Arabic Afrikaans Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa | Islam | |
| Chaga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga | Tanzania | Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga, Rusa, West Chaga | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions |
| Chagossians | Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole | Chagos Archipelago | Christianity, Rastafari | |
| Chaoui | Afroasiatic → Berber → Shawiya | Algeria | Islam → Sunnism | |
| Chenouas | Afroasiatic → Berber → Shenwa | Algeria | Islam → Sunnism | |
| Chewa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa | Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Chinois | French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese → Hakka, Cantonese | Réunion | Christianity → Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism | |
| Chokwe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia | Christianity | |
| Coloureds | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa | Cape Coloureds | Christianity |
| Comorians | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian | Comoros, France | Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France | Islam → Sunnism |
| Dagaaba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare | Ghana, Burkina Faso | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Dagombas | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani | Ghana | Islam → Sunnism | |
| Damara | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia | Christianity | |
| Dinka | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka | South Sudan | Christianity, Dinka religion | |
| Dogon | Niger–Congo → Dogon Bangime, Tebul Sign | Mali | Ampari Dogon, Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon, Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande | Traditional African religions |
| Dwe'e | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime | Cameroon | Christianity | |
| Dyula | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula | Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali | Islam → Sunnism | |
| Ebira | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira | Nigeria | Islam | |
| Edo | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo | Nigeria | Ika, Emai | Christianity |
| Efik | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik | Nigeria | Christianity, Efik religion | |
| Egyptians | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic Historically Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Coptic Egyptian Sign | Egypt, Sudan, Libya | Copts, | Islam → Sunni Islam Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism |
| Ekoi | Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham | Nigeria, Cameroon | Christianity, Ekoi religion | |
| Embu | Niger-Congo ~ Bantu ~ Embu | Kenya | Christianity | |
| Esan | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan | Nigeria | Christianity | |
| Ewe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ewe, Waci, Kpessi | Togo, Ghana | Agave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, Waci | Christianity, West African Vodun |
| Fang | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang | Equatorial Guinea, Gabon | Christianity | |
| Fipa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fipa Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu | Rukwa Region, Tanzania | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Fon | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon | Benin | Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun | |
| Franco-Mauritians | Indo-European → French-based creoles → Mauritian Creole | Mauritius | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Franco-Seychellois | Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole | Seychelles | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Frantsay | Indo-European → Romance → French | Madagascar | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Fula | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula | West Africa | Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula, Toucouleur | Islam |
| Fur | Furan → Fur | Sudan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Ga-Adangbe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme | Greater Accra | Ga, Adangbe | Christianity |
| Gade | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade | Nigeria | Gobo | |
| Ganda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda | Uganda | Christianity | |
| Gbagyi | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari | Nigeria | Traditional African religions | |
| Gbaya | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya | Central African Republic, Cameroon | Bokoto, Kara, Buli, Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu | Islam |
| Gedeo | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo | Ethiopia | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay | |
| Ghomaras | Afroasiatic → Berber → Ghomara | Morocco | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Gnawas | Originally various languages of different African ethnic groups Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic | Morocco | Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion | |
| Gogo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo | Tanzania | Christianity, African Traditional Religion | |
| Gola | Niger–Congo → Gola | Liberia, Sierra Leone | Islam | |
| Gosha | Originally various languages of different Bantu ethnic groups Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli | Somalia | Islam | |
| Greeks | Indo-European → Hellenic Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign | Egypt | Egyptian Greeks, along with significant populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries |
| Guan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang | Ghana | Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso | Christianity |
| Gumuz | Bʼaga languages | Ethiopia | Traditional African religion | |
| Gurage | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage; historically Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes | Ethiopia | Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet | Christianity |
| Gurma | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche | Gurmaland | Ntcham, Bimoba | Islam |
| Gurunsi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo | Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla | Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ha | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha | Tanzania | Animism | |
| Hadiya | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya | Ethiopia | Islam | |
| Hadza | Hadza language | Tanzania | Hadza mythology | |
| Ham | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Hyam | Nigeria | Christianity, Abwoi | |
| Hangaza | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza | Tanzania | Christianity | |
| Harari | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari | Ethiopia | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Haratins | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic, Afroasiatic → Berber | Mauritania | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Hausa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Hausa | Hausaland | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Haya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya | Tanzania | Christianity, Ruhanga | |
| Hawwara | Historically Afroasiatic → Berber Arabic | Lybia, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria and Morocco | Hawwara | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Hehe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe | Tanzania | Christianity | |
| Herero | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero | Namibia, Angola | OvaHimba, Ovambanderu | Christianity |
| Hutu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
| Ibibio | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Anaang, Eket, Oron | Nigeria | Eket, Anaang, Oron | Christianity |
| Idoma | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma | Nigeria | Agatu, Alago, Yala | Christianity |
| Igala | Niger-Congo → Igala → Igala | Nigeria | Ayangba, Igala ogba Royalty → Ibaji, Igalamela, Ogugu, Akpanya, Ebu | Christianity, Islam |
| Igbo | Niger–Congo → Igbo | Nigeria | Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa | Christianity, Odinala |
| Igdalen | Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal | Niger, Mali, Algeria | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Igede | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede | Nigeria | Christianity | |
| Ijaw | Niger–Congo → Ijaw | Nigeria | Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo | Christianity |
| Imraguen | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen | Mauritania, Western Sahara | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Indo-Mauritians | Indo-European → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri, Hindustani, Marathi Dravidian → Tamil, Telugu | Mauritius | Bihari Mauritians, Tamil Mauritians | Hinduism, Islam |
| Indo-Seychellois | Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri, Bihari languages, Hindustani, Bengali, Gujarati, Kutchi, Odia Dravidian → Tamil, Telugu, Kannada | Seychelles | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism | |
| Indo-South Africans | Various languages of different Indian ethnic groups English → South African English | South Africa | Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism | |
| Iraqw | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw | Tanzania | Christianity | |
| Isoko | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko | Nigeria | Christianity | |
| Jerba | Afroasiatic → Berber → Nafusi Arabic | Tunisia | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Jews | Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew, Jewish languages, DGSic → Israeli Sign | North Africa, East Africa | Sephardim, Beta Israel, Rusape Jews, Abayudaya, Igbo Jews, as well as historically some Aksumites, along with significant populations in South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe | Judaism |
| Jita | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Suguti | Tanzania | Christianity, Ethnic Religion | |
| Jola | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola | Senegal | Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp | Traditional African religions |
| Jukun | Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum | Nigeria | Wannu | Traditional African religions |
| Jur | Nilotic → Luo → Jur | South Sudan | Beli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, Morokodo | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Kabyle | Afroasiatic → Berber → Kabyle | Algeria | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Kafwe Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga | Zambia | Traditional African religion | |
| Kaguru | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu | Tanzania | Folk religion | |
| Kalanga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga | Zimbabwe, Botswana | Nambya | Christianity |
| Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin | Kenya | Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik | Christianity |
| Kamba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba | Kenya | Christianity | |
| Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri | Kanuriland | Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri | Islam |
| Kapsiki | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki | Mandara Mountains | Islam | |
| Karai-Karai | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Karai-Karai | Nigeria | Islam, Christianity | |
| Karana | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati, Hindustani, Kutchi, Sindhi Dravidian → Tamil, Telugu | Madagascar | Islam | |
| Kassena | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena | Ghana, Burkina Faso | Kassena religion | |
| Kerewe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe | Tanzania | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Kiga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | Uganda, Rwanda | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Kikuyu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu | Kenya | Christianity | |
| Kilba | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Huba | Nigeria | Christianity | |
| Kinga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga | Tanzania | Christianity, Traditional African religion | |
| Kissi | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi | Guinea, Sierra Leone | Christianity | |
| Kofyar | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kofyar | Nigeria | Traditional African religions | |
| Kongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo | Kongoland | Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe | Christianity, Kongo religion |
| Konjo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo | Rwenzori Mountains | Nande | Christianity |
| Konkomba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Konkomba | Ghana, Togo | Traditional African religions, Christianity | |
| Konso | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Konso | Ethiopia | Traditional African religions | |
| Kpelle | Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle | Liberia, Guinea | Traditional African religions | |
| Kposo | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo | Togo, Ghana | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Kru | Niger–Congo → Kru | Liberia | Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn, Kuwaa | Christianity |
| Kunama | Nilo-Saharan → Kunama | Eritrea, Ethiopia | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy | |
| Kuria | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria | Kenya, Tanzania | Traditional African religions, Christianity | |
| Kuteb | Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb | Nigeria | Christianity | |
| Kwaya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya | Tanzania | Christianity, Traditional African religion | |
| Kwere | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere | Tanzania | Islam, Traditional African religion | |
| Lega | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Traditional African religions | |
| Lemba | Historycally Old South Arabian languages Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Shona | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique | Christianity, Islam, Judaism | |
| Limba | Niger–Congo → Limba | Sierra Leone | Christianity | |
| Lisi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba | Chad | Bilala, Kuka and the Medogo | Islam |
| Lozi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lozi | Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana | Mafwe, Mbukushu, Totela, Yeyi | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Luba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba, Songe, Lulua | Christianity |
| Lugbara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Lugbara | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda | Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, Aringa | Christianity, Islam, Lugbara religion |
| Luhya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya | Kenya | Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga, | Christianity |
| Luo | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo | Kenya | Christianity | |
| Luso-Africans | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → African Portuguese | PALOP countries, South Africa | Portuguese Africans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Maasai | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai | Maasailand | Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi | Traditional African religions |
| Madi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda | Christianity | |
| Mafa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Mafa | Cameroon | Christianity | |
| Makaa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep | Cameroon | South Makaa, North Makaa | Christianity, Traditional African religion |
| Makonde | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde | Tanzania, Mozambique | Machinga | Islam |
| Makua | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa | Mozambique | Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo | Traditional African religions |
| Malagasy | Austronesian → Greater Barito → Malagasy | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius | Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo | Christianity, Malagasy religion |
| Malbars | French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole Historycally Dravidian → Tamil | Réunion | Hinduism | |
| Mambila | Niger–Congo → Mambila | Mambilla Plateau | Somyev | Traditional African religions |
| Mandinka | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding | Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal | Bolon | Islam |
| Manjak | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal | Traditional African religions | |
| Masa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Masana | Cameroon, Chad | Christianity, Islam | |
| Masalit | Nilo-Saharan → Masalit | Sudan, Chad | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Mauritian Creoles | Indo-European → French-based creoles → Mauritian Creole | Mauritius | Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari | |
| Mbaka | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mbugu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Pare Niger–Congo and Afroasiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa | Tanzania | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion | |
| Mende | Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende | Sierra Leone | Islam | |
| Mijikenda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda | Kenya | Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai | Christianity |
| Mongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela | Christianity |
| Moru | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Moru | South Sudan | Miza, Ägyi, Moroändri, Kediro, 'Bari'ba | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism → Episcopal Church of the South Sudan |
| Mossi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi | Burkina Faso | Islam | |
| Mozabite | Afroasiatic → Berber → Mozabite Arabic | Algeria | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Mumuye | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye | Nigeria | Traditional African religions | |
| Musgum | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Musgu | Cameroon, Chad | Islam | |
| Mwera | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera | Tanzania | Islam | |
| Nama | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia, South Africa | Oorlams | Christianity |
| Ndendeule | Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule | Tanzania | Animism | |
| Ngbandi | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic | Yakoma | Christianity |
| Ngoni | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ngoni | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia | Christianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam | |
| Nkole | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore | Uganda | Christianity, Ruhanga | |
| Northern Ndebele | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Northern Ndebele | Zimbabwe | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Nubians | Nilo-Saharan → Nubian | Nubia | Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Nubis | Afroasiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi | Uganda, Kenya | Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis | Islam |
| Nuer | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer | South Sudan | Traditional African religions | |
| Nupe | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Nupe | Nigeria | Islam, Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Nyambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo | Tanzania | Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism | |
| Ogiek | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek | Kenya | Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion | |
| Ogoni | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni | Nigeria | Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ | Christianity |
| Ogu | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun | Nigeria, Benin | Christianity, Islam, West African Vodun | |
| Oku | Indo-European → English-based creoles → Krio Indo-European → Germanic → English | Sierra Leone, The Gambia | Islam | |
| Oromo | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Oromo | Ethiopia, Kenya | Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ovambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo | Namibia, Angola | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism | |
| Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu | Angola | Christianity | |
| Papel | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel | Guinea-Bissau | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Pare | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Tanzania | Islam | |
| Pedi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Northern Sotho → Sepedi | South Africa | Christianity | |
| Pende | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
| Rendille | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Rendille | Kenya | Waaq | |
| Rifians | Afroasiatic → Berber → Tarifit | Morocco | Islam → Sunnism | |
| Saho | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Saho | Eritrea, Ethiopia | Islam → Sunnism | |
| Sandawe | Sandawe | Tanzania | Traditional African Religion, Islam | |
| Sara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara | Chad, Central African Republic | Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay | Traditional African religions |
| Senufo | Atlantic–Congo → → Senufo | Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso | Nafana, Minyanka | Traditional African religions |
| Serer | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Serer, Cangin | Senegal | Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi | Islam, Serer religion |
| Seychell |