List of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa


The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Africa here is considered to be approximately delimited from South America by the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic languages">Atlantic Ocean; from Asia by the Red Sea, Suez Canal, and Gulf of Aden; and from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Sicily, and Strait of Gibraltar.

Ethnic groups

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.
EthnicityLanguagePrimary homelandSubgroups, tribes & castesReligion
AbagusiiAtlantic–CongoBantuGusiiKenya Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, AbabasiChristianity, Traditional African religion
AcholiNiloticLuoAcholiSouth Sudan, Uganda Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Nwoya, Pader, OmoroChristianity, Islam
AdjoukrouNiger–CongoKwaAdjukruIvory Coast Akradio, Agneby, Armébé, Gbougbo, Vieil-Aklodj, Débrimou, Lopou, Tiaha, Kpass, Orbaff, Bonn, Kaka, Kpanda, Mopoyem, Cosrou, Dabouly, Abraniamienbro, Bodou, Bouboury, Agbaille, Yassap, Vieux-Badien, Youhouli, N'gatty, ToupahChristianity
AfarAfroasiaticCushiticAfarDjibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia Asaimara, AdoimaraIslam, Early Cushitic
AfemaiAtlantic–CongoEdoidAfenmaiNigeria Agenebode, Weppa, Oshiolo, Emokwemhe Iviagbapue, Auchi, Ihievbe, Afuze, Warrake, Iviukwe, South Ibie, Agbede, Sabongida Ora, Igarra, Ekperi, Jattu, Fugar, Aviele, Okpella, Uneme Ehrunrun, Uneme Osu, Iviukhua, Ososo, Uzanu, Uzebba, Iviukhua, Weppa, Okpella, Okpekpe, SomorikaChristianity
AfrikanersIndo-EuropeanGermanicDutchAfrikaansSouth AfricaBoersChristianity → ProtestantismCalvinism
AgawAfroasiaticCushiticAgawHorn of Africa Bilen, Ximre, Awi, QemantChristianity → Oriental OrthodoxyEthiopian Orthodoxy
AjaNiger–CongoKwaAdjaBenin, TogoWest African Vodun
AkaNiger–CongoBantuAkaCentral African Republic, Republic of the Congo[Traditional African religions|Traditional Aka religion]
AkansNiger–CongoKwaCentral Tano, AvikamAlladian, Potou, Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega
FrancosignAmerican SignAmerican Sign Language#Ghanaian Sign Language|Ghanaian Sign]
Adamorobe Sign, Nanabin Sign
Ghana Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi, Tchaman, WasaChristianity
AkieNilo-SaharanNiloticKalenjinAkie
Maasai
Tanzania [Traditional African religions|Traditional Akie religion]
AlurNilo-SaharanNiloticAlurUganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
AmbunduNiger–CongoBantuKimbunduAngolaChristianity, Traditional African religions
AmdangFuranAmdangSudan, Chad Islam
Americo-LiberiansVarious languages of different African ethnic groups

English
EnglishMerico
EnglishLiberian Kreyol
LiberiaChristianity → Protestantism
AmharaAfroasiaticSemiticSemitic languages|Ethiopic] → AmharicEthiopia Christianity → Oriental OrthodoxyEthiopian Orthodoxy
Anglo-AfricansIndo-EuropeanGermanicEnglishSouth African English, Zimbabwean EnglishSouth Africa, Zimbabwe, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaAnglo-South Africans
Anglo-Zimbabweans
Saint Helenians
Christianity
AnuakNilo-SaharanNiloticAnuakEthiopia, South Sudan Christianity
ArabsAfroasiaticSemiticArabic
Arab Sign, Sudanese sign languages
North Africa, SahelBedouins, Egyptian Arabs, Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Sudanese Arabs, Arab Christians, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs, Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-BerbersIslam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia IslamTwelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilismTayyibi Isma'ilismSulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism
ChristianityEastern OrthodoxyGreek OrthodoxyGreek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Christianity → CatholicismMelkite Catholicism
ArgobbaAfroasiaticEthiopicArgobbaEthiopia Islam → Sunni Islam
AtyapNiger–CongoPlateauTyapNigeria Christianity, Abwoi
Bura people|Babur and Bura]AfroasiaticChadicBuraNigeria Babur, BuraIslam
BagirmiNilo-SaharanCentral SudanicBongo-BagirmiBagirmiChad Islam → Folk Islam
BajjuNiger–CongoPlateauJjuNigeria Christianity, Abwoi
BajuniAtlantic–CongoBantuSwahiliBajuniSomalia, Kenya Islam → SunnismShafi'ism
BakossiNiger–CongoBantuAkooseCameroon Christianity → Catholicism
BalantaNiger–CongoWest AtlanticSenegambianBalantaGuinea-Bissau, Senegal, The GambiaTraditional African religions
Balondo-ba-KonjaNiger–CongoBantuLondoCameroonCreationismBalondo-ba-Konja religion
BambaraNiger–CongoMandeMandingBambaraMaliIslam
BamilekeNiger–CongoGrassfieldsBamilekeCameroon |West] and Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', MedumbaChristianity
BamumNiger–CongoGrassfieldsBamum[Cameroon">Mengaka language">Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', MedumbaChristianity
BamumNiger–CongoGrassfieldsBamum[Cameroon Islam
BandaNiger–CongoUbangianBandaCentral African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the CongoBanda language|Central Banda], South Banda, West BandaChristianity
Bangweulu TwaNiger–CongoBantuBemba Zambia Traditional African Religion
BariNilo-SaharanNiloticBariSouth Sudan, UgandaPojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribesChristianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam
BaribaNiger–CongoGurBaribaBorgu Islam
BassaNiger–CongoKruBassaLiberia Christianity → ProtestantismAnglicanism
BastersIndo-EuropeanGermanicDutchAfrikaansNamibia Christianity → Protestantism
BatwaNiger–CongoBantuKirundi
Niger–CongoBantuKiga
African Great LakesTraditional African religion
BejaAfroasiaticCushiticBejaSudan, Egypt, EritreaBishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-AmerIslam → Sunni Islam
BembaNiger–CongoBantuBembaZambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity → Protestantism
BembeNiger–CongoBantuBembeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, TanzaniaChristianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions
BenaNiger–CongoBantuBenaTanzania Christianity → Catholicism
BeromNiger–CongoPlateauBeromNiger Christianity
BertaNilo-SaharanBertaEthiopia, South SudanIslam
BetiNiger–CongoBantuEwondo, EtonCameroonEwondo, EtonChristianity
BissaNiger–CongoMandeBissaBurkina FasoIslam
BoaNiger–CongoBantuBoaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
BoboNiger–CongoMandeBoboBurkina Faso, MaliTraditional African religions
BolewaAfroasiaticChadicBoleNigeria Islam
BondeiNiger–CongoBantuBantu languages|Sueta] → BondeiTanzania Islam, Traditional African religions
BozoNiger–CongoMandeBozoMaliIslam
BubiNiger–CongoBantuBubeEquatorial Guinea Christianity → Catholicism
BuduNiger–CongoBantuBuduDemocratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
BudumaAfroasiaticChadicYedinaLake Chad Islam
BwaNiger–CongoGurBwaBurkina Faso, MaliTraditional African religions
BwatiyeAfroasiaticChadicBacamaNigeria Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism
CafresFrench CreoleBourbonnais CreoleRéunion CreoleRéunionChristianity
Cape MuslimsHistorically Malay, Makassarese, Dutch, Arabic Afrikaans
Afrikaans, Kaaps, English
South Africa Islam
ChagaNiger–CongoBantuChagaTanzaniaGwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga, Rusa, West ChagaChristianity, Islam, Traditional African religions
ChagossiansIndo-EuropeanBourbonnais CreoleChagossian CreoleChagos ArchipelagoChristianity, Rastafari
ChaouiAfroasiaticBerberShawiyaAlgeria Islam → Sunnism
ChenouasAfroasiaticBerberShenwaAlgeria Islam → Sunnism
ChewaNiger–CongoBantuChewaMalawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, MozambiqueChristianity, Traditional African religions
ChinoisFrench CreoleBourbonnais CreoleRéunion Creole

Sino-TibetanSiniticChineseHakka, Cantonese
RéunionChristianity → Catholicism, BuddhismMahayana Buddhism
ChokweNiger–CongoBantuChokweAngola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ZambiaChristianity
ColouredsIndo-EuropeanGermanicAfrikaans, Kaaps, EnglishSouth Africa Cape Coloureds Christianity
ComoriansNiger–CongoBantuComorianComoros, France Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan FranceIslam → Sunnism
DagaabaNiger–CongoGurDagaareGhana, Burkina FasoChristianity, Traditional African religions
DagombasNiger–CongoGurDagbaniGhana Islam → Sunnism
DamaraKhoeKhoekhoeNamibia Christianity
DinkaNilo-SaharanNiloticDinkaSouth SudanChristianity, Dinka religion
DogonNiger–CongoDogon
Bangime, Tebul Sign
Mali Ampari Dogon, Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon, Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, BangandeTraditional African religions
Dwe'eNiger–CongoBantuNzimeCameroonChristianity
DyulaNiger–CongoMandeMandingDyulaBurkina Faso, Ivory Coast, MaliIslam → Sunnism
EbiraNiger–CongoNupoidEbiraNigeria Islam
EdoNiger–CongoEdoidEdoNigeria Ika, EmaiChristianity
EfikNiger–CongoCross RiverIbibio-EfikEfikNigeria Christianity, Efik religion
EgyptiansAfroasiaticSemiticArabic
Historically AfroasiaticEgyptianCoptic
Egyptian Sign
Egypt, Sudan, LibyaCopts,
Islam → Sunni Islam
Christianity → Oriental OrthodoxyCoptic Orthodoxy

Christianity → CatholicismEastern CatholicismCoptic Catholicism
EkoiNiger–CongoBantoidJaghamNigeria, CameroonChristianity, Ekoi religion
EmbuNiger-Congo ~ Bantu ~ EmbuKenya Christianity
EsanNiger–CongoEdoidEsanNigeria Christianity
EweNiger–CongoKwaEwe, Waci, KpessiTogo, GhanaAgave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, WaciChristianity, West African Vodun
FangNiger–CongoBantuFangEquatorial Guinea, GabonChristianity
FipaNiger–CongoBantuFipa

Niger–CongoBantuMambwe-Lungu
Rukwa Region, Tanzania Christianity → Catholicism
FonNiger–CongoKwaGbeFonBenin Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun
Franco-MauritiansIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesMauritian CreoleMauritiusChristianity → Catholicism
Franco-SeychelloisIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creoleSeychellois CreoleSeychellesChristianity → Catholicism
FrantsayIndo-EuropeanRomanceFrenchMadagascarChristianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
FulaAtlantic–CongoSenegambianFulaWest Africa Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula, ToucouleurIslam
FurFuranFurSudan Islam → Sunni Islam
Ga-AdangbeNiger–CongoKwaGa–DangmeGreater Accra Ga, AdangbeChristianity
GadeNiger–CongoNupoidGadeNigeria Gobo
GandaNiger–CongoBantuGreat LakesLugandaUganda Christianity
GbagyiNiger–CongoNupoidGwariNigeriaTraditional African religions
GbayaNiger–CongoUbangianGbayaCentral African Republic, CameroonBokoto, Gbaya language|Kara], Buli, Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, BanganduIslam
GedeoAfroasiaticCushiticGedeoEthiopia Christianity → ProtestantismP'ent'ay
GhomarasAfroasiaticBerberGhomaraMorocco Islam → Sunni Islam
GnawasOriginally various languages of different African ethnic groups
ArabicMaghrebi Arabic
MoroccoIslam and AnimismSufism and AnimismGnawa religion
GogoNiger–CongoBantuGogoTanzania Christianity, African Traditional Religion
GolaNiger–CongoGolaLiberia, Sierra LeoneIslam
GoshaOriginally various languages of different Bantu ethnic groups
Niger-CongoBantuZigula → Mushunguli
SomaliaIslam
GreeksIndo-EuropeanHellenic
AfroasiaticArabicEgyptian Arabic
FrancosignFrench Sign and American SignGreek Sign
EgyptEgyptian Greeks, along with significant populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, and ZimbabweChristianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, CatholicismGreek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
GuanNiger–CongoKwaGuangGhana Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-BosoChristianity
GumuzBʼaga languagesEthiopia Traditional African religion
GurageAfroasiaticEthiopicGurage; historically AfroasiaticEthiopicMesmesEthiopia Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Gurage language|Sebat Bet] Christianity
GurmaNiger–CongoGurGourmancheGurmaland Ntcham, BimobaIslam
GurunsiNiger–CongoGurGurunsiBurkina Faso, Ghana, TogoLukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, VaglaTraditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam
HaNiger–CongoBantuHaTanzania Animism
HadiyaAfroasiaticCushiticHadiyyaEthiopia Islam
HadzaHadza languageTanzania Hadza mythology
HamNiger–CongoPlateauHyamNigeria Christianity, Abwoi
HangazaNiger–CongoBantuHangazaTanzania Christianity
HarariAfroasiaticSemiticEthiopicHarariEthiopia Islam → Sunni Islam
HaratinsAfroasiaticArabicMaghrebi Arabic, AfroasiaticBerber MauritaniaIslam → Sunni Islam
HausaAfroasiaticChadicHausaWest |Hausaland] Islam → Sunni Islam
HayaNiger–CongoBantuHayaTanzania Christianity, Ruhanga
HawwaraHistorically AfroasiaticBerber
Arabic
Lybia, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria and MoroccoHawwaraIslam → Sunni Islam
HeheNiger–CongoBantuHeheTanzania Christianity
HereroNiger–CongoBantuHereroNamibia, AngolaOvaHimba, OvambanderuChristianity
Hutu Niger–CongoBantuGreat LakesRwanda-RundiRwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity
IbibioNiger–CongoCross RiverIbibio, Anaang, Eket, OronNigeria Eket, Anaang, OronChristianity
IdomaNiger–CongoIdomoidIdomaNigeria Agatu, Alago, YalaChristianity
IgalaNiger-CongoIgalaIgalaNigeria Ayangba, Igala ogba RoyaltyIbaji, Igalamela, Ogugu, Akpanya, EbuChristianity, Islam
IgboNiger–CongoIgboNigeria Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, WaawaChristianity, Odinala
IgdalenSonghaySonghay languages|Northern Songhay] → TagdalNiger, Mali, AlgeriaIslam → Sunni Islam
IgedeNiger–CongoIdomoidIgedeNigeria Christianity
IjawNiger–CongoIjawNigeria Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, OboloChristianity
ImraguenAfroasiaticArabicHassaniya ArabicImraguenMauritania, Western SaharaIslam → Sunni Islam
Indo-MauritiansIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creoleMauritian Creole

Indo-EuropeanIndo-AryanBhojpuri, Hindustani, Marathi

DravidianTamil, Telugu
MauritiusBihari Mauritians, Tamil MauritiansHinduism, Islam
Indo-SeychelloisIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creoleSeychellois Creole

Indo-EuropeanIndo-AryanBhojpuri, Bihari languages, Hindustani, Bengali, Gujarati, Kutchi, Odia

DravidianTamil, Telugu, Kannada
SeychellesHinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
Indo-South AfricansVarious languages of different Indian ethnic groups
EnglishSouth African English
South AfricaHinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism
IraqwAfroasiaticCushiticIraqwTanzaniaChristianity
IsokoNiger–CongoEdoidIsokoNigeria Christianity
JerbaAfroasiaticBerberNafusi
Arabic
TunisiaIslam → Sunni Islam
JewsAfroasiaticCanaaniteHebrewModern Hebrew, Jewish languages, DGSicIsraeli SignNorth Africa, East AfricaSephardim, Beta Israel, Rusape Jews, Abayudaya, Igbo Jews, as well as historically some Aksumites, along with significant populations in History of the [Jews in South Africa|South Africa], Namibia, and ZimbabweJudaism
JitaAtlantic–CongoBantuSugutiTanzania Christianity, Ethnic Religion
JolaNiger–CongoWest AtlanticSenegambianJolaSenegal Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, MlompTraditional African religions
JukunNiger–CongoJukun TakumNigeria WannuTraditional African religions
JurNiloticLuoJurSouth SudanBeli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, MorokodoChristianity, Traditional African religions
KabyleAfroasiaticBerberKabyleAlgeria Islam → Sunni Islam
Kafwe TwaNiger–CongoBantuTonga Zambia Traditional African religion
KaguruNiger–CongoBantuKaguluTanzania Folk religion
KalangaNiger–CongoBantuShonaKalangaZimbabwe, BotswanaNambyaChristianity
KalenjinNilo-SaharanNiloticKalenjinKenya Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, TerikChristianity
KambaNiger–CongoBantuKambaKenya Christianity
KanuriNilo-SaharanSaharanKanuriKanuriland Kanembu, Kanuri people|Yerwa Kanuri]Islam
KapsikiAfroasiaticChadicKapsikiMandara Mountains Islam
Karai-KaraiAfroasiaticChadicKarai-KaraiNigeria Islam, Christianity
KaranaIndo-EuropeanIndo-AryanGujarati, Hindustani, Kutchi, Sindhi

DravidianTamil, Telugu
MadagascarIslam
KassenaAtlantic–CongoGurKasenaGhana, Burkina FasoKassena religion
KereweNiger–CongoBantuKereweTanzania Christianity, Traditional African religions
KigaNiger–CongoBantuKigaUganda, RwandaChristianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
KikuyuNiger–CongoBantuKikuyuKenya Christianity
KilbaAfroasiaticChadicHubaNigeria Christianity
KingaNiger–CongoBantuKingaTanzania Christianity, Traditional African religion
KissiNiger–CongoWest AtlanticMelKissiGuinea, Sierra LeoneChristianity
KofyarAfroasiaticChadicKofyarNigeria Traditional African religions
KongoNiger–CongoBantuKongoKongoland Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, BeembeChristianity, Kongo religion
KonjoNiger–CongoBantuKonjoRwenzori Mountains NandeChristianity
KonkombaNiger–CongoGurKonkombaGhana, TogoTraditional African religions, Christianity
KonsoAfroasiaticCushiticKonsoEthiopia Traditional African religions
KpelleNiger–CongoMandeKpelleLiberia, GuineaTraditional African religions
KposoNiger–CongoKwaGhana–Togo MountainKposoTogo, GhanaChristianity → Catholicism
KruNiger–CongoKruLiberia Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn, KuwaaChristianity
KunamaNilo-SaharanKunamaEritrea, EthiopiaChristianity → Oriental OrthodoxyEthiopian Orthodoxy
KuriaNiger–CongoBantuKuriaKenya, TanzaniaTraditional African religions, Christianity
KutebNiger–CongoJukunoidKutebNigeria Christianity
KwayaNiger–CongoBantuKwayaTanzania Christianity, Traditional African religion
KwereNiger–CongoBantuKwereTanzania Islam, Traditional African religion
LegaNiger–CongoBantuLegaDemocratic Republic of the CongoTraditional African religions
LembaHistorycally Old South Arabian languages
Niger–CongoBantuVenda, Shona
Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, MozambiqueChristianity, Islam, Judaism
LimbaNiger–CongoLimbaSierra Leone Christianity
LisiNilo-SaharanCentral SudanicNabaChad Bilala, Kuka and the MedogoIslam
LoziNiger–CongoBantuLoziZambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, BotswanaMafwe, Mbukushu, Totela, YeyiChristianity, Traditional African religions
LubaNiger–CongoBantuLubanDemocratic Republic of the Congo Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba, Songe, LuluaChristianity
LugbaraNilo-SaharanCentral SudanicLugbaraDemocratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, AringaChristianity, Islam, Lugbara religion
LuhyaNiger–CongoBantuLuhyaKenya Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga,Christianity
LuoNilo-SaharanNiloticDholuoKenyaChristianity
Luso-AfricansIndo-EuropeanRomancePortugueseAfrican PortuguesePALOP countries, South AfricaPortuguese Africans Christianity → Catholicism
MaasaiNilo-SaharanNiloticMaasaiMaasailand Samburu, Arusha, KwaviTraditional African religions
MadiNilo-SaharanCentral SudanicMa'diDemocratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, UgandaChristianity
MafaAfroasiaticChadicMafaCameroonChristianity
MakaaNiger–CongoBantuMakaa, Niger–CongoBantuByepCameroon |East Region], South Makaa, North MakaaChristianity, [Traditional African religion">Makaa language">South Makaa, North MakaaChristianity, [Traditional African religion
MakondeNiger–CongoBantuMakondeTanzania, Mozambique MachingaIslam
MakuaNiger–CongoBantuMakhuwaMozambiqueLomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, NathemboTraditional African religions
MalagasyAustronesianGreater BaritoMalagasyMadagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, MauritiusMerina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, VezoChristianity, Malagasy religion
MalbarsFrench CreoleBourbonnais CreoleRéunion Creole

Historycally DravidianTamil
RéunionHinduism
MambilaNiger–CongoMambilaMambilla Plateau SomyevTraditional African religions
MandinkaNiger–CongoMandeMandingMali, The Gambia, Guinea, SenegalBolonIslam
ManjakNiger–CongoWest AtlanticSenegambianManjakGuinea-Bissau, SenegalTraditional African religions
MasaAfroasiaticChadicMasanaCameroon, ChadChristianity, Islam
MasalitNilo-SaharanMasalitSudan, ChadIslam → Sunni Islam
Mauritian CreolesIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesMauritian CreoleMauritiusChristianity → Catholicism, Rastafari
MbakaNiger–CongoUbangianMbakaCentral African Republic, Democratic Republic of the CongoChristianity → Catholicism
MbuguNiger–CongoBantuMbugu, Pare
Niger–Congo and AfroasiaticBantu and CushiticMaʼa
Tanzania Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion
MendeNiger–CongoMandeMendeSierra Leone Islam
MijikendaNiger–CongoBantuMijikendaKenya Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, RabaiChristianity
MongoNiger–CongoBantuMongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, TetelaChristianity
MoruNilo-SaharanCentral SudanicMoruSouth Sudan Miza, Ägyi, Moroändri, Kediro, 'Bari'baChristianity → ProtestantismAnglicanismEpiscopal Church of the South Sudan
MossiNiger–CongoGurMossiBurkina Faso Islam
MozabiteAfroasiaticBerberMozabite
Arabic
Algeria Islam → Sunni Islam
MumuyeNiger–CongoAdamawaMumuyeNigeria Traditional African religions
MusgumAfroasiaticChadicMusguCameroon, Chad Islam
MweraNiger–CongoBantuMweraTanzania Islam
NamaKhoeKhoekhoeNamibia, South AfricaOorlamsChristianity
NdendeuleNiger-Congo languagesBantu languagesNdendeuleTanzaniaAnimism
NgbandiNiger–CongoUbangianNgbandiDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Central African RepublicYakomaChristianity
NgoniNiger–CongoBantuNgoniMalawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and ZambiaChristianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam
NkoleNiger–CongoBantuNkore-KigaNkoreUganda Christianity, Ruhanga
Northern NdebeleNiger–CongoBantuNguniNorthern NdebeleZimbabwe Christianity, Traditional African religions
NubiansNilo-SaharanNubianNubia Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Nubian languages|Hill Nubians] Islam → Sunni Islam
NubisAfroasiaticArabic creolesNubiUganda, KenyaUgandan Nubis, Kenyan NubisIslam
NuerNilo-SaharanNiloticNuerSouth Sudan Traditional African religions
NupeNiger–CongoNupoidNupeNigeria Islam, Christianity, Traditional African religions
NyamboNiger–CongoBantuNyamboTanzania Christianity → ProtestantismEvangelicalism
OgiekNilo-SaharanNiloticOgiekKenya Christianity, [Traditional African religions|Traditional Ogiek religion]
OgoniNiger–CongoCross RiverOgoniNigeria Baan, Eleme, Gokana, TẹẹChristianity
OguNiger–CongoKwaGbeGunNigeria, BeninChristianity, Islam, West African Vodun
OkuIndo-EuropeanEnglish-based creolesKrio
Indo-EuropeanGermanicEnglish
Sierra Leone, The GambiaIslam
OromoAfroasiaticCushiticOromoEthiopia, KenyaBoorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Oromo people|Wollo]Islam → Sunni Islam
OvamboNiger–CongoBantuOvamboNamibia, AngolaChristianity → ProtestantismLutheranism
OvimbunduNiger–CongoBantuUmbunduAngolaChristianity
PapelNiger–CongoAtlanticSenegambianPapelGuinea-Bissau Christianity → Catholicism
PareNiger–CongoBantuPareTanzania Islam
PediNiger–CongoBantuNorthern Sotho → SepediSouth Africa Christianity
PendeNiger–CongoBantuPendeDemocratic Republic of the CongoChristianity
RendilleAfroasiaticCushiticRendilleKenya Waaq
RifiansAfroasiaticBerberTarifitMoroccoIslam → Sunnism
SahoAfroasiaticCushiticSahoEritrea, EthiopiaIslam → Sunnism
SandaweSandaweTanzania Traditional African Religion, Islam
SaraNilo-SaharanCentral SudanicSaraChad, Central African RepublicNgambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, GulayTraditional African religions
SenufoAtlantic–Congo → → SenufoMali, Ivory Coast, Burkina FasoNafana, MinyankaTraditional African religions
SererAtlantic–CongoSenegambianSerer, CanginSenegalLaalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, SaafiIslam, Serer religion
Seychellois CreolesIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesSeychellois CreoleSeychellesChristianity → Catholicism
SherbroAtlantic–CongoMelSherbroSierra Leone Traditional African religions
ShilhaAfroasiaticBerberShilhaMoroccoIslam → Sunnism
ShillukNilo-SaharanNiloticShillukSouth SudanGuleChristianity → Catholicism
ShonaNiger–CongoBantuShonaZimbabwe Manyika, NdauChristianity
SidamaAfroasiaticCushiticSidaamaEthiopia Christianity
Sierra Leone CreolesVarious languages of different African ethnic groups
Indo-EuropeanEnglish-based creolesKrio, Pichinglis
Sierra LeoneGambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United StatesChristianity
SiltʼeAfroasiaticSemiticEthiopicGurageSiltʼeEthiopia Islam
Sino-MauritiansIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesMauritian Creole

Sino-TibetanSiniticChineseHakka, Cantonese
MauritiusChristianity, Chinese folk religion, Buddhism
Sino-SeychelloisIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesSeychellois Creole

Sino-TibetanSiniticChineseHakka, Cantonese
SeychellesChristianity, Chinese folk religion, Buddhism
SinoaSino-TibetanSiniticChineseCantonese, MandarinMadagascarChristianity → Catholicism
SiwiAfroasiaticBerberSiwi language
Arabic
Egypt, LybiaIslam → Sunni Islam
SogaNiger–CongoBantuSogaUganda Christianity, Traditional African religions
SomalisAfroasiaticCushiticSomaliGreater Somalia Hawiye, Darod, Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and CanadaIslam → SunnismShafi'ism
SonghaiSonghay languagesWest AfricaSonghai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, DendiIslam
SoninkeNiger–CongoMandeSoninkeMaliIslam → Sunni IslamMalikism
SothoNiger–CongoBantuSothoSouth Africa, LesothoChristianity
Southern NdebeleNiger–CongoBantuNguniSouthern NdebeleSouth Africa Christianity, Traditional African religions
Spaniards
Indo-EuropeanRomanceSpanishCanarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño SpanishSpain Christianity → Catholicism
SukumaNiger–CongoBantuSukumaTanzaniaChristianity → Catholicism
SurmaNilo-SaharanSurmicEthiopia, South SudanMe'en, Mursi, KichepoTraditional African religions
SusuNiger–CongoMandeSusuGuinea, Sierra Leone Islam
SwahiliNiger–CongoBantuSwahiliSwahili coast Shirazi Islam
SwaziNiger–CongoBantuSwaziSouth Africa, EswatiniChristianity → African Zionism
TallensiAtlantic–CongoGurTalniGhana, Burkina FasoTallensi religion
TamaNilo-SaharanTamanTamaChad, SudanIslam
TarokNiger–CongoPlateauTarokNigeria Christianity
TekeNiger–CongoBantuTekeRepublic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the CongoTraditional African religions
TemneNiger–CongoMelTemneSierra Leone Islam
TigrayansAfroasiaticEthiopicTigrinyaEritrea, Ethiopia Christianity → Oriental OrthodoxyEthiopian Orthodoxy
TigreAfroasiaticEthiopicTigreEritreaIslam
TivNiger–CongoTivNigeria Christianity
TongaNiger–CongoBantuTongaZambia, ZimbabweTraditional African Religion
TooroNiger–CongoBantuTooroUganda Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, AbasoigiChristianity, Ruhanga
ToubouNilo-SaharanSaharanTebuToubouland Daza, TedaIslam → Sunni Islam
TsongaNiger–CongoBantuTsongaMozambique, South Africa Christianity → Catholicism
TswanaNiger–CongoBantuTswanaBotswana, South Africa Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, RolongChristianity
TuaregAfroasiaticBerberTuareg languages
Arabic
Algeria, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Mali, MauritaniaIslam → Sunni Islam
TumbukaNiger-CongoBantuTumbukaMalawi, Zambia, Tanzania, ZimbabweSenga, Henga, Yombe, Phoka, TongaChristianity, Tumbuka mythology
TupuriNiger–CongoAdamawaTupuriCameroon, Chad Christianity
TurkanaNilo-SaharanNiloticTurkanaKenya Christianity → Catholicism
TutsiNiger–CongoBantuGreat LakesRwanda-RundiRwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo BanyamulengeChristianity, Islam
UrhobosNiger–CongoEdoidUrhoboNigeria Christianity
VaiNiger–CongoMandeVaiLiberia, Sierra LeoneIslam, Christianity, Traditional African religions
VendaNiger–CongoBantuTshivendaSouth Africa Christianity, Traditional African religions
WalaNiger–CongoGurWaliGhana Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
WelaytaAfroasiaticOmoticWolaittaEthiopia Christianity → ProtestantismP'ent'ay
WolaneAfroasiaticEthiopicWolaneEthiopia Islam
WolofNiger–CongoAtlanticSenegambianWolofSenegambia LebuIslam → Sunni IslamSufismMouride
XhosaNiger–CongoBantuNguniXhosaSouth Africa Christianity
YabsIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesRéunion CreoleRéunionChristianity
YakoNiger–CongoCross RiverYakoNigeria Christianity
YaoNiger–CongoBantuYaoMalawi, Mozambique, Tanzania Islam and AnimismYao Folk Islam
Yoa-LokpaNiger–CongoGurOti–VoltaYom, Niger–CongoGurGurunsiLukpaBenin Ethnic religion
YorubaAtlantic–CongoYoruboidYoruba
Yoruba Sign
Yorubaland Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and CanadaIslam, Christianity, Yoruba religion
ZaghawaNilo-SaharanSaharanZaghawaChad, SudanIslam → Sunni Islam
ZandeNiger–CongoZandeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South SudanBarambuChristianity
ZarabesIndo-EuropeanFrench-based creolesRéunion Creole
Historycally Indo-EuropeanIndo-AryanGujarati
RéunionIslam
ZayanesAfroasiaticBerberCentral Atlas Tamazight
Arabic
Morocco Islam → Sunni Islam
ZuluNiger–CongoBantuNguniZuluSouth Africa Christianity
ǃKungKxʼaǃKungNamibia ǃXun, JuAnimism
ǂAakhoeKhoe-KwadiKhoeKhoekhoeǂAakhoeNamibiaAnimism

Lists of ethnic groups

;By status:
;Regional lists: