1796

Events

January–March

January 16 – The first Dutch elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic.
February 1 – The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York.
February 9 – The Qianlong Emperor of China abdicates at age 84 to make way for his son, the Jiaqing Emperor.
February 15 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Invasion of Ceylon (1795) ends when Johan van Angelbeek, the Batavian governor of Ceylon, surrenders Colombo peacefully to British forces.
February 16 – The Kingdom of Great Britain is granted control of Ceylon by the Dutch.
February 29 – Ratifications of the Jay Treaty between Great Britain and the United States are officially exchanged, bringing it into effect.
March 9 – Widow Joséphine de Beauharnais marries General Napoléon Bonaparte.
March 20 – The U.S. House of Representatives demands that the U.S. State Department supply it with documents relating to the negotiation of the Jay Treaty; President Washington declines the request, citing that only the U.S. Senate has jurisdiction over treaties.
March 26 – Napoleon Bonaparte arrives at Nice to take command of the Army of Italy, which is scattered in detachments as far as Genoa.
March 30 – Carl Gauss obtains conditions for the constructibility by ruler and compass of regular polygons, and is able to announce that the regular 17-gon is constructible by ruler and compasses.

April–June

April 2 – The only night of the supposed Shakespearean play Vortigern and Rowena ends in the audience's laughter.
April 12 – War of the First Coalition – Battle of Montenotte: Napoleon Bonaparte gains his first victory as an army commander.
April 21 - War of the First Coalition - Battle of Mondovi: Napoleon Bonaparte decisively defeats the army of Piedmont Sardinia, leaving its capital of Turin defenseless. This convinces Piedmont to sign an armistice and withdraw from the war, turning the war in Italy decisively in France's favor.
April 26 – The French proclaim the Republic of Alba on the occupied territories. Two days later, King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia signs the Armistice of Cherasco, in the headquarters of Napoleon. The fortresses of Coni, Tortoni and Alessandria, with all their guns, are given up.
April 27 – Case of the Lyons Mail: During the night, five highwaymen attack the mail between Paris and Lyon, kill the postmen and steal the funds sent to the armies in Italy.
April 28 – In an impassioned speech, U.S. Representative Fisher Ames of Massachusetts persuades his fellow members of the House to support the Jay Treaty.
May 6 – Napoleon Bonaparte forms an advanced guard under General Claude Dallemagne. He sends this force along the south bank of the Po River, to cross it with boats at Piacenza.
May 10
* War of the First Coalition – Battle of Lodi: General Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrian rearguard, in forcing a crossing of the bridge over the Adda River in Italy. The Austrians lose some 2,000 men, 14 guns, and 30 ammunition wagons.
* Persian Expedition of 1796: Russian troops storm Derbent.
May 14 – Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination, in England.
May 15 – Napoleon's troops take Milan.
May 20 – The last mock Garrat Elections are held in Surrey, England.
June 1
* The French-Republican army divisions of the Army of Italy invade the territories of Venice.
* Tennessee is admitted as the 16th U.S. state.
June 4 - The Siege of [Mantua (1796-1797)] begins when Napoleon lays siege to the city of Mantua, Austria's final stronghold in Northern Italy. The siege, and Austria's attempts to relieve it, will take the majority of the Italian campaign.
June 6–7 – Ragunda lake in Sweden bursts and drains completely leaving the Döda fallet dry.
June 21 – Scottish explorer Mungo Park becomes the first European to reach the Niger River.
June 23 – Napoleon Bonaparte seizes the Papal States, which become part of the revolutionary Cisalpine Republic. Pope Pius VI signs the Armistice of Bologna, and is forced to pay a contribution.

July–September

July 10 – Carl Friedrich Gauss discovers that every positive integer is representable as a sum of at most 3 triangular numbers.
July 11 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain, under the terms of the Jay Treaty.
July 21 – Mungo Park reaches Ségou, the capital of the Bamana Empire.
July 22 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio Cleveland, after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
July 29 – The Habsburg army under Marshal Wurmser advances from the Alps, and captures Rivoli and Verona. The French abandon the east bank of the Mincio River, the outnumbered division of Masséna retreats towards Lake Garda.
August 4 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Lonato – The French Army of Italy under Napoleon crushes an Austrian brigade.
August 5 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Castiglione – The French Army of Italy under Napoleon defeats the Habsburg army under Marshal Wurmser, who thus fails to break the Siege of Mantua (1796–97), and is forced to retreat north up the Adige Valley.
August 9 – The Wearmouth Bridge in England, designed by Rowland Burdon in cast iron, opens to traffic. Its span of makes it the world's longest single-span vehicular bridge extant at this date.
August 10 – A mob of peasants overtakes the Convent of St. Peter (Bludenz, Austria) and murders Ignaz Anton von Indermauer.
August 19 – Second Treaty of San Ildefonso: Spain and France form an alliance against Great Britain.
September 2 – Jewish emancipation in the Batavian Republic.
September 8 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Bassano – French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and André Masséna defeat the Austrians in Veneto. Wurmser retreats towards Vicenza with just 3,500 men of his original 11,000 left to him.
September 9 – French Revolutionary Wars: Action of 9 September 1796 – A naval engagement between French and British squadrons off Sumatra ends inconclusively.
September 9 – Grenelle camp affair, a failed uprising by supporters of Gracchus Babeuf against the French Directory
September 15 – Siege of Mantua: Napoleon Bonaparte fights a pitched battle at La Favorita on the east side of the Mincio River. The Austrians withdraw into the fortress of Mantua, which is crowded with nearly 30,000 men. Within six weeks, 4,000 die from wounds or sickness.
September 17 – U.S. President George Washington issues his Farewell Address, which warns against partisan politics and foreign entanglements. In addition, he sets a precedent by declining to run for a third term.
September 28 – Empress Catherine the Great signs an agreement with Great Britain, formally joining Russia to the coalition.

October–December

October 19 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Emmendingen – Austrian forces force the French to retreat, but commanding generals on both sides are killed.
October – Jane Austen begins writing her first draft of Pride and Prejudice, under the title First Impressions.
November 3 – John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson, in the 1796 U.S. presidential election.
November 4 – The Treaty of Tripoli is signed at Tripoli.
November 6
* Catherine the Great dies, and is succeeded by her son Paul I of Russia. His wife Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg becomes Empress consort.
* French forces under Masséna attack the Austrian army at Fontaniva. After a desperate assault he is outnumbered, and forced to retreat to Verona.
November 12
* Battle of Caldiero: French forces are defeated by the Austrians at Caldiero, and pushed back to Verona. This marks Napoleon's first defeat, losing nearly 2,000 men and 2 guns.
* Groton, New Hampshire is incorporated as a town.
November 17 – Battle of Arcole: French forces under General Napoleon defeat the Austrians at Arcole. After a bold maneuver, he outflanks the Austrian army under Freiherr József Alvinczi, and cuts off its line of retreat. Alvinczi is forced to take up a defensive position behind the Brenta River.
December – The British government begins work on a 40-acre site at Norman Cross, for the world's first purpose-built prisoner-of-war camp.
December 7 – The U.S. Electoral College meets to elect John Adams president of the United States.
December 18 – British Royal Navy ship HMS Courageux is wrecked on the Barbary Coast with the loss of 464 of the 593 onboard.

Date unknown

The Spanish government lifts the restrictions against neutrals trading with the colonies, thus acknowledging Spain's inability to supply the colonies with needed goods and markets.
Robert Burns's version of the Scots poem Auld Lang Syne is first published, in this year's volume of The Scots Musical Museum.
Annual British iron production reaches 125,000 tons.
Rizla rolling papers established.

Births

January

January 1
* Emily Baldwin, First Lady of Connecticut
* William Gross, criminal
* Felix Horetzky, Polish composer and guitarist
* Moritz Hermann Eduard Meier, German philologist
January 3
* Milton Alexander, American general
* Henry Perceval, 5th Earl of Egmont, peer
* Johann Baptist Streicher, Austrian piano maker
January 4 – Henry George Bohn, British publisher
January 5
* James Scarth Combe, British surgeon
* Jacques-Joseph Haus, lawyer
* Joseph Salvador, French scholar
* Julia Rush Cutler Ward, American poet
January 7
* Peter Nead, German Baptist Brethren theologian
* Princess Charlotte of Wales, daughter and only child of future King George IV
January 8
* Eliza Constantia Campbell, Welsh author
* Carl Friedrich Alexander Hartmann, German metallurgist
January 9 – Campbell Riddell, Australian public servant
January 10 – Leonard Dupont, French naturalist
January 12 – Paul Briquet, French physician
January 13 – Charles Shore, 2nd Baron Teignmouth, member of the United Kingdom Parliament
January 15
* Pavel Liprandi, Russian military officer
* William Wagner, American philanthropist
January 16 – Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington, English army officer and politician
January 17
* John Baker, namesake of the towns of Baker Lake and Baker Brook, New Brunswick, Canada
* Thaddeus Fairbanks, American inventor
* William Washington Gordon, American politician
* Alexander McLeod, Canadian sheriff
January 18
* Charles de Brouckère, Belgian politician
* John Storer, merchant and philanthropist from Sanford
* John B. Terry, American businessman, soldier, and territorial legislator
January 19 – Gaspare Grasselini, Catholic cardinal
January 20 – Jacques-Marie-Adrien-Césaire Mathieu, French cardinal and author
January 21
* Francisco Ferreira Drummond, Historian, paleographer, musician, politician
* Princess Marie of Hesse-Kassel, German princess and painter
* Jean-François Legendre-Héral, French sculptor
January 22 – Joseph Parkes, British politician
January 23
* Karl Ernst Claus, Baltic-German chemist, naturalist
* George Francis Lyon, English naval officer and explorer
* Jean Reboul, French poet
January 24 – Nicolas Mori, British musician and publisher
January 25
* William MacGillivray, British naturalist and ornithologist
* Samuel Stokely, American politician
January 28 – Nathaniel W. Watkins, Confederate Army general
January 29
* Peter Joseph Elvenich, German theologian and philosopher
* Théobald de Lacrosse, French soldier and politician
January 30
* James M. Elam, American politician
* Albert Gallup, American politician
* Jakob Sotriffer, Austrian sculptor
* John Ternouth, British artist
January 31
* Anna Elisabeth Hartwick, Swedish lace industrialist
* Nathaniel Jocelyn, American artist
* Ebenezer Jackson Jr., American politician
* Wilhelm Gotthelf Lohrmann, German astronomer
* Christian Frederick Martin, American luthier
* Alfred Inigo Suckling, British antiquarian

February

February 1 – Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich, Swiss poet
February 2
* François Vincent Latil, French painter
* William Richardson, British astronomer
* Henry Wyllys Taylor, American judge
February 3
* Peter Ihrie Jr., American politician
* Jean-Baptiste Madou, lithographer, painter
February 4
* Erasmus Engert, Austrian painter and restorer
* William Nanson Lettsom, British man of letters
February 5
* Pieter Godfried Bertichen, Dutch painter
* Nicholas H. Cobbs, American bishop
* Johannes von Geissel, Catholic cardinal
* Morris Ketchum, American railway entrepreneur
* Léon Talabot, French engineer and politician
February 6
* John Stevens Henslow, British botanist, priest and geologist
* Alfred Lyall, English philosopher, editor, clergyman and traveller
February 7
* José da Costa Carvalho, Marquis of Monte Alegre, Brazilian politician
* Thomas Gregson, 2nd Premier of Tasmania, Australia
* Marie-Françoise Perroton, French nun
February 8
* Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin, one of the founders of Saint-Simonianism
* George Washington Toland, American politician
February 9
* Samuel M. Moore, American politician
* Thomas Tucker, English first-class cricketer
February 10
* Henry De la Beche, English geologist and palaeontologist
* Henry Venn, English mission society administrator
February 11
* John MacDonnell, Irish surgeon and pioneer of surgical anaesthesia in Ireland
* John Pontifex, English cricketer
February 12
* Hiram Capron, Founder of the town of Paris, Ontario
* Thomas Close, English antiquarian
* Damián Domingo, Filipino painter
* Henry Dutton, American politician
* Benoît-Philibert Perroud, French entomologist
February 13
* Hiram F. Mather, American politician
* Adam Norrie, Scottish-American merchant
* Henry Sargant Storer, British artist
February 14
* Valentín Carderera, Spanish painter
* William Michell, English physician and politician
* Poul Pagh, Danish merchant and ship owner
* Robert Young, Hawaiian chief
February 15
* Pyotr Anjou, arctic explorer and admiral of Russian Navy
* Ali Mirza Zel as-Soltan, pretender to the throne of Qajar Iran
February 16
* Felix Tollemache, British politician
* Samuel Charles Whitbread, British politician
February 17
* Louis Eugène Marie Bautain, French philosopher and theologian
* Frederick William Beechey, English naval officer and hydrographer
* Roswell Bottum, American politician
* Robert Milham Hartley, co-founder of the temperance movement in New York
* Giovanni Pacini, Italian composer
* Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician, botanist and explorer
February 18
* John Bell, American lawyer and politician
* Andreas Christian Møller, Norwegian teacher of the Deaf
* Vincenzo Santucci, Italian Catholic cardinal
* Abraham P. Stephens, American politician
February 20 – Lázár Mészáros, Hungarian military figure
February 21
* Prince George Bernhard of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince
* James Sherman, British minister
February 22
* Alexis Bachelot, Roman Catholic priest
* Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian mathematician
* John N. Steele, American politician
* George Sweeny, American politician
February 23 – William W. Wick, American politician
February 24
* Gabriel Delafosse, French mineralogist
* Carl Axel Gottlund, Linguist, folklorist and historian
February 26
* Prosper Guerrier de Dumast, French historian, writer and archaeologist
* Thomas Galloway, Scottish mathematician
February 27 – James Planché, British dramatist, costume designer, and antiquarian
February 28
* Edward Banks, Syndicus of the Free City of Hamburg
* Heinrich Carl Breidenstein, German musicologist
February 29 – Germanicus Mirault, surgeon

March

March 1
* Louis-Tancrède Bouthillier, Canadian merchant and sheriff
* James Heald, English philanthropist and politician
* John Jones, Talysarn, Welsh Calvinistic Methodist minister
March 2 – Elliott Cresson, American philanthropist
March 3
* Constant Allart, French politician
* William Heald Ludlow Bruges, English politician
* Theodore Dwight, American author
March 4
* Charles Jacquinot, French Naval officer
* John McIntosh, Canadian politician
March 6 – Charles C. Stratton, American politician
March 7
* Zadok Casey, American politician
* Francis Wayland, American educator; President of Brown University 1827–1855
March 8
* Orra White Hitchcock, American botanical artist
* Nicolaus von Weis, German bishop
March 10
* Julia Catherine Beckwith, Canadian writer
* Karl Friedrich Heinrich Marx, German physician
March 11 – Johann Ludwig Casper, German forensic pathologist
March 12
* Paul Constant Billot, French botanist
* Peter Johnson Gulick, American missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii and Japan
* Jacob A. Preston, American politician
* John Prince, Lawyer, gentleman farmer and political figure in Upper Canada and Canada West
* Thomas Reynolds, Governor of Missouri
* Francis Seger, American politician
March 13
* Francis Adams, Medical doctor, translator
* Peter van Bohlen, German orientalist and indologist
March 14
* Anton Haizinger, Austrian singer and opera singer
* Henry F. West, Mayor of Indianapolis
March 15 – Karl Ullmann, German Calvinist theologian
March 16
* Georgiana Astley, daughter of Sir Henry Dashwood, 3rd Baronet
* Cincinnato Baruzzi, Italian artist
* Thomas Childs, American military governor
March 17
* Jean-François Bayard, French playwright
* Jørgen B Lysholm, Norwegian businessman
March 18
* Christian Joseph Berres, Austrian anatomist and photographer
* Jakob Steiner, Swiss mathematician
March 19
* Christopher Andreas Holmboe, Norwegian philologist
* José Noriega, Spanish-born Californio politician
March 20
* Raymond Bonheur, French painter
* Edward Gibbon Wakefield, New Zealand politician
March 21 – Sir George Forster, 2nd Baronet, British politician
March 22 – Heinrich Karl Beyrich, German botanist
March 23
* Julius Friedrich Heinrich Abegg, German criminologist
* Samuel Congalton, British mariner
* Olof Fåhræus, Swedish politician and entomologist
* John Jeffries II, American ophthalmic surgeon
* Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert, French Catholic missionary and saint
* Isaac R. Moores, American politician
* Peregrin Sandford, American mayor
March 24
* Zulma Carraud, French writer
* John Corry Wilson Daly, Canadian politician
* Friedrich Adolph Haage, German botanist and gardener
* Franz Haller, Hungarian politician
* Nunziante Ippolito, Italian physician
March 25
* Richard Biddle, American author and politician
* Basil Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh, English Earl
March 26
* Armand Louis Joseph de Fitte de Soucy, French divisional general and governor of Martinique
* Bellamy Storer, Cincinnati politician
March 27
* Jean-Claude Bonnefond, painter
* Robert James Graves, Irish surgeon
* Gregorio José Ramírez, Costa Rican politician and sailor
March 28
* Jean Benner-Fries, French painter
* William B. Ide, Californian politician
* Elijah Iles, American politician
March 30 – Edward Seymour, English cricketer
March 31
* Theodor Brüggemann, German politician, jurist and educationist
* Philippe Buchez, French historian, sociologist, and politician
* Hermann Hupfeld, German theologian
* Zephaniah Platt, American lawyer and judge

April

April 2
* Ana María Campos, Venezuelan resistance fighter
* Sébastien René Lenormand, French phycologist
* William Pickering, English publisher
April 3
* William Nairn Forbes, British Army officer and civil engineer
* Edward Livingston, American politician
* Herbert Mayo, British physiologist, anatomist and medical writer
* Jean Ulveling, Luxembourgian politician
April 6
* Isaac E. Holmes, American politician
* Alexander Nisbet, British surgeon
April 8
* James Boggs, Virginia militia Confederate States Army Brigadier General
* Alfred Bunn, British businessman, librettist
* Hygin-Auguste Cavé, attorney, journalist, government official, amateur playwright
* Frederik von Scholten, Danish naval officer, customs inspector and amateur artist
April 9
* Date Chikamune, daimyo
* Elisha Huntington, American physician and politician
* Thomas Thynne, Viscount Weymouth, British Member of Parliament
April 10
* James Bowie, American pioneer, soldier, smuggler, slave trader, and land speculator
* Thomas Burns, New Zealand minister
* Thomas Fitzgerald, American politician
April 12
* George N. Briggs, Massachusetts Governor and Congressman
* William J. McCluney, United States Navy officer
* Baron du Potet, French mesmerist
April 13
* Rosa Campuzano, activist in the struggle for the independence of Peru
* Andreas Gottlieb Hoffmann, German academic
April 14
* Benjamin Bonneville, Union Army General
* Ramond de la Croisette, French playwright
* Frederik Due, Norwegian Prime minister
* Robert Lynam, English cleric, schoolteacher, writer and editor
April 15
* John Sill Rogers, politician
* Marie-Alfred de Suin, French admiral
April 17
* Richard Fish Cadle, American Episcopalian priest
* Dominique-Augustin Dufêtre, French bishop
* Stanisław Jachowicz, Polish poet
April 18 – Gloud Wilson McLelan, Canadian politician
April 19
* Bernhard von Beskow, Swedish dramatist and historian
* Johann Baptist Friedreich, German forensic pathologist and psychiatrist
* Franz Anton von Gerstner, Czech surveyor
April 20
* Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook, British politician
* Charles Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French archaeologist
* George Gleig, Scottish soldier, military writer, and priest
April 21
* Thomas Earle, American journalist
* Frederik Faber, Danish zoologist
* Richard Ford, English writer
* Frederick A. Kaye, American politician
* Horatio Needham, American politician
April 23 – William Baird, Scottish politician
April 24
* Karl Immermann, German writer
* Giorgio Pallavicino Trivulzio, Italian politician
April 25
* Peter Greenall, brewer
* Giuseppe Giacinto Moris, Italian botanist
April 26 – Edouard Mary, Belgian politician and lawyer
April 27
* Johann F. C. Hessel, German scientist
* Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony, German princess
April 29
* Solomon Yeomans Chesley, Canadian politician
* Walter Henry Medhurst, missionary in China
April 30 – Adolphe Crémieux, French-Jewish politician, abolitionist

May

May 1
* Junius Brutus Booth, English stage actor, father of Edwin Booth and John Wilkes Booth
* Elial T. Foote, American physician, politician, jurist and historian
* Alexandru II Ghica, Ruler of Wallachia
* George Hussey Packe, MP, army officer, chairman of the Great Northern Railway
* Arabella Sullivan, British author
* Charles Cushing Wright, American engraver and medalist
May 2
* Giuseppe Balducci, Italian composer
* Colm de Bhailís, Irish poet and songwriter
* Joseph Brown, English Roman Catholic bishop
* Mace Moulton, American politician
* John G. Palfrey, American clergyman, historian and politician
May 3 – Lewis Miller, American artist
May 4
* Horace Mann, American educator, abolitionist
* William Pennington, American politician
* William H. Prescott, American historian and Hispanist
* Joseph Pannell Taylor, Union United States Army general
May 5
* William Cormack, Scottish-Canadian explorer
* Robert Foulis, Canadian engineer
* Charles W. Sandford, American militia and artillery officer, lawyer and businessman
May 6
* Karl Heinrich Frotscher, German classical philologist
* Johann Adam Möhler, German theologian
May 7
* Frances Catherine Barnard, English writer, poet, playwright
* Karl Heinrich Mertens, German botanist and naturalist
* George Upfold, American Episcopal bishop
May 8
* Robert Fane, British judge
* John Pitt Kennedy, British army officer
* Jean-Baptiste Meilleur, Canadian doctor, educator and political figure
* François Mignet, French historian and journalist
May 9
* George W. Bradford, American politician, New York
* Joseph Meyer, German publisher
* August Pauly, German classical scholar
* Lyman Wight, Apostle in the Latter Day Saint movement
May 10 – Ludwig Greiner, Austrian businessman
May 12
* Frédéric-Auguste Demetz, French penal reformer
* Johann Baptist Isenring, photographer
* Hancock Lee Jackson, American politician
* James Ranald Martin, Scottish surgeon in India
* Franz Mone, German historian
May 14 – Samuel Jaudon, American railroad executive
May 15
* John Bingle, sailor, merchant and landholder
* Esprit Blanche, French psychiatrist
* Charlotte Caroline Richardson, British poet and writer
* Johann Heinrich Richartz, German merchant
May 16 – Ambrose Poynter, British architect
May 17
* William Hooker, English cricketer
* Franz von Schober, Austrian poet and librettist
May 20
* Clément Bonnand, Roman Catholic bishop
* Abel Ingpen, British entomologist
May 21
* Reverdy Johnson, American politician
* Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, American diplomat
May 23
* Hiram P. Hunt, American politician
* Vince Stingl, Hungarian-German porcelain manufacturer
* Zadock Thompson, American naturalist
May 24
* George Wilmot Bonner, British wood-engraver
* Étienne-Jules Ramey, sculptor from France
May 25
* Hippolyte Auger, French writer
* Mendes Cohen, was a Jewish American politician, traveler and businessman
* James Langston, British landowner and politician;
May 26
* Armand Joseph Bruat, French admiral
* Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein
May 27
* Henry Bidleman Bascom, American bishop
* William Ramsay, Scottish Royal Navy rear-admiral
May 28
* Fernando Baquedano, Chilean politician and general
* Joseph-Henri Léveillé, French botanist
* William Miller, Scottish engraver and watercolorist
May 29 – Jacob G. Davies, American politician
May 30
* Frederick Charles Husenbeth, English Catholic priest and writer
* Olivier Voutier, French naval officer

June

June 1
* Thomas Brown Anderson, Canadian merchant, philanthropist, President of the Bank of Montreal
* Josiah Brewer, American minister and author
* Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French military engineer and physicist, "father of thermodynamics"
* John Rae, Canadian economist
June 2 – Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Lafitte, French librettist
June 3 – Dyer Ball, American missionary
June 5 – Alexander W. Brewster, American merchant
June 6
* Francis M. Dimond, American politician
* Julius Timoleon Ducatel, geologist
June 9 – Avery Skinner, American politician in New York
June 10
* Charles Augustus FitzRoy, British military officer
* Eugénie Foa, French writer
* Antun Mihanović, Croatian poet
June 11 – François-Louis Cailler, Swiss chocolatier
June 12
* George Bush, American biblical scholar and pastor
* Louis Alix de Nompère de Champagny, French diplomat and politician
* Ang Duong, Cambodian politician
* Mary Grimstone, British writer and social reformer
* Joab Lawler, American politician
June 13 – Charles Eloi Demarquet, French military officer
June 14
* Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician of Czech origin
* Lyman Coleman, American scholar and author
* Mathilda d'Orozco, Swedish noble
* John M. Jones, American politician from Pennsylvania
* Carlotta Marchionni, Italian actress
June 15 – Joseph-Pierre Braemt, Belgian engraver and medalist
June 16 – François Baucher, French squire
June 18
* Friedrich Diercks, first German emigrant in Texas
* Humphrey H. Leavitt, United States federal judge
* Patrick Shaw, Scottish lawyer and legal writer
June 19
* John Bell, American politician
* Gervais Nolan, Canadian fur trader
June 20
* Charles Brickett Haddock, American politician
* Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso, Catholic cardinal
June 21
* William Gunning, Archdeacon of Bath
* Henry Thomas Windsor, American postal pioneer
June 22 – Nikolai Polevoy, Russian historian and writer
June 23
* Ferdinando Giorgetti, Italian composer, violinist, publicist, musical teacher and conductor
* Henry Oakes, English cricketer
* Philo White, American newspaperman, politician and diplomat
June 24
* Rafael Barišić, Roman Catholic bishop
* Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao, French general and statesman
* Jan Czeczot, Polish and Belarusian romantic poet and ethnographer
* Wilhelm Hemprich, German naturalist and explorer
* Ernst Mayer, German sculptor
June 25 – Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Emperor of Russia
June 26
* Jan Paweł Lelewel, painter
* Jerauld Newland Ezra Mann, sheriff of Norfolk County, Massachusetts
* Robert Parker, Canadian lawyer, judge and political figure in New Brunswick
* Joseph-Vincent Quiblier, Canadian priest
June 27
* François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca, French politician
* John Rivett-Carnac, British sea explorer
June 28
* Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg, Queen consort of Denmark
* Paul Camille von Denis, German businessman
June 29
* Pavel Petrovich Anosov, Russian mining engineer
* John Williams, English missionary
June 30
* Antonin Moine, French sculptor
* William Davis Snodgrass, Presbyterian clergyman, New York City
* Francis Frankland Whinyates, British army officer in the East India company

July

July 1
* Charles Tennant, English politician
* William Henry Watson, British politician and judge
* Frederick Wells, British cricketer
* James Williams, American diplomat
July 2
* François Fulgis Chevallier, French botanist
* Michael Thonet, German-Austrian cabinet maker
July 3 – Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus, German philosopher
July 4 – John Motley Morehead, American politician
July 5 – Isaac Hays, American journalist
July 6
* Théodore Simon Jouffroy, French philosopher
* Maria Martin, American artist and scientific illustrator
* Robert Wight, Scottish surgeon, botanist and botanical collector
July 10
* Carl Henrik Boheman, Swedish entomologist
* Domenico Foroni, Italian composer and conductor
* María Josefa García Granados, Guatemalan writer
* John Johns, American bishop
* W. Lafontaine, French playwright
* Charles Molyneux, 3rd Earl of Sefton, British politician
July 11 – Carl Fredrik Liljevalch Sr., Swedish businessman, entrepreneur and diplomat
July 12
* Albert Knoll, Austrian theologian
* Johann Joseph Schmeller, German painter
July 13
* William Harvey, English engraver and designer
* Gustav Seyffarth, German-American Egyptologist
July 14
* James Mellor Brown, English cleric
* William A. Whittlesey, American politician, Ohio
July 15
* Thomas Bulfinch, American writer and mythologist
* Karl Friedrich Vollrath Hoffmann, German author
* Thomas Shanks, American politician
* Joseph Smith, President of Franklin College
* Joseph Augustine Wade, Irish composer
July 16
* Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French landscape and portrait painter and printmaker in etching
* Henry Grider, American politician
July 18
* Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher
* William Lunn, Canadian educator, businessman, and politician
July 19 – Armand Malitourne, French literary critic
July 20
* Maziere Brady, Irish judge
* Edward Hodges, Anglo-American composer and organist
July 22 – Carlo Pepoli, Italian politician, journalist, and poet
July 23 – Franz Berwald, Swedish composer
July 24
* John M. Clayton, American lawyer and politician
* Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
* Karol Ignacy Lorinser, Austrian Physician
July 25 – Gideon Lane Soule, American educator, principal of Phillips Exeter Academy
July 26
* George Catlin, American painter
* Lizinska de Mirbel, French miniaturist
July 27
* Eliza Henderson Boardman Otis, American philanthropist, novelist, and social leader
* Jacques Reclus, French protestant church clergyman
* Pavel Stroyev, Russian historian
July 28
* John Dudlow, English cricketer
* Charles Edward Long, British antiquarian
* Pakubuwono VII, Susuhunan of Surakarta
July 29
* Walter Hunt, American mechanic and inventor
* Joannes Josephus van Mulken, Dutch politician
* Christian Winther, Danish lyric poet
July 30 – Jules Vinçard, French humorist
July 31
* Jean-Gaspard Deburau, Bohemian-French mime
* Mary Euphrasia Pelletier, French Roman Catholic nun and saint
* Meade Purdy, American politician

August

August 1
* George Pritchard, British Christian missionary and diplomat
* François Désiré Roulin, French explorer and scientist
August 3
* Ferdinand Helias, American priest
* Anna Lühring, Prussian soldier
August 4 – Samuel Cahen, French Hebraist and journalist
August 5
* Michael Banim, Irish writer
* Francisco Gómez, President of El Salvador
August 6 – Ludwig von Zanth, German architect and painter
August 7
* John Boyd, American settler in Texas and state senator
* François Zola, French engineer
August 9 – Ezra Durgin, politician
August 13
* Pierre Beaubien, Canadian politician
* Carl August Buchholz, organ builder
* Robert Halley, British minister
August 14
* James Gerry, American politician
* Juan Temple, American landowner
August 15
* Samuel C. Sample, American politician
* John Torrey, United States botanist
August 16
* Nathaniel Boyden, American politician
* Frédéric de Courcy, French man of letters
* Francis Crozier, Irish naval officer and polar explorer
August 17 – Rufus Anderson, American minister
August 19 – Agnes Strickland, English writer and editor
August 21
* Hugh Archer, American politician
* William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield, British politician
* Asher Brown Durand, American painter and engraver
* Hermann Olshausen, German theologian
August 22
* David Canabarro, Brazilian Gaúcho revolutionary
* Baden Powell, mathematician
* Dhian Singh, longest serving wazir of the Sikh Empire
August 24 – George Huntington, American farmer and politician from New York
August 25
* Edwin Beard Budding, inventor of the lawnmower and adjustable spanner
* James Lick, American businessman, piano builder
* Friedrich Ludwig Meissner, German obstetrician
August 26
* Nicol Hugh Baird, British surveyor
* William Marshall, English politician
* Peter von Meyendorff, Russian diplomat
August 27
* Joanna Quiner, American seamstress and sculptor
* Sophia Smith, founder of Smith College
August 28
* William Hiley Bathurst, British hymnwriter
* Irénée-Jules Bienaymé, French mathematician
* Andreas Hallager, Danish composer
August 29 – Gaspard Théodore Mollien, French diplomat and explorer
August 30
* Julien-Léopold Boilly, painter
* Émile Debraux, French chansonnier and poet

September

September 1
* James Apjohn, professor of chemistry and mineralogy, Trinity College, Dublin
* Nathaniel S. Berry, American politician
September 2
* Ferdinand-Alphonse Hamelin, French admiral
* Jean-Baptiste Minne-Barth, Belgian politician and lawyer
September 3 – Alphonse de Gisors, French architect
September 4
* Robert Lambert Baynes, British Royal Navy admiral
* Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld, Prussian field marshal
* James Estabrook, American politician and sheriff
* Peter Fendi, Austrian artist
* Henry Yeomans Mott, Canadian politician
September 5
* Jacobus Cornelis Gaal, Dutch painter and etcher
* Sarah Preston Hale, American newspaper publisher
* Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, Belgian politician, founder of the Université libre de Bruxelles
September 6 – Charles Follen, German poet and patriot
September 7 – Abraham Edwards, American politician
September 8
* Henry Bentinck, British courtier
* Francesco Boffo, Sardinian-born Neoclassical architect
* Jean-Jacques Champin, watercolorist and lithographer
* William Montague Ferry, American missionary
* Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente, president of Peru
September 9
* Harriet Vaughan Cheney, American-Canadian novelist, writer
* Johan Nordenfalk, Swedish politician
September 10 – Eugénie Niboyet, French author, feminist
September 11
* Alexandre Basset, French writer and playwright
* Édouard-Joseph-Ennemond Mazères, French writer and librettist
September 12
* Uriel Crocker, American businessman
* Vasyl Popovych, Ruthenian Greek Catholic hierarch
September 13
* John Hales Calcraft, British Member of Parliament
* James Finlay Weir Johnston, Scottish agricultural chemist
* Charles Handy Russell, American merchant and banker
September 14
* Charles Waln Morgan, Quaker whaling executive, New Bedford, Massachusetts
* Woodbine Parish, British scientist and diplomat
September 16
* Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud, French physician
* Johann Daniel Elster, composer and choir director
* William Augustus Muhlenberg, United States Anglican Episcopal clergyman
September 19
* Hartley Coleridge, British poet, biographer, essayist, and teacher
* Richard Harlan, American zoologist
September 20
* Franz Wilhelm Ferling, German oboist, composer, and clarinettist
* Robert Strange, Former US Senator from North Carolina, unsuccessful Vice Presidential nominee
September 21 – John Samuel Enys, British engineer
September 22
* Countess Louise Sophie Danneskiold-Samsøe, member of a Danish noble family
* Albert Woldemar Hollander, German educationist
* Cornelius Stribling, United States Navy Rear Admiral
September 24 – Joseph Beaume, French painter
September 25
* Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor
* Donald Cameron, 23rd Lochiel
* Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone, British politician;
September 26
* Richard H. Bayard, American judge
* Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot, French politician
* Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont, German princess
* Daniel Turner, American politician
September 27
* António Manuel da Fonseca, Portuguese painter
* Thomas Fortier, Canadian politician
September 28
* Robert Budd Gilchrist, United States federal judge
* Karl Wilhelm Krüger, German classical philologist
September 29
* Bólu-Hjálmar, Icelandic poet
* Jonathan Smith Green, American missionary to Hawaii, educator
* Samuel Irton, politician
September 30
* John Kimball, American politician from New Hampshire and Vermont
* John Mytton, British politician
* Reuben M. Norton, American businessman, 1st Mayor of Racine, Wisconsin
* Princess Frederica of Prussia, Duchess of Anhalt-Dessau

October

October 1
* Charles James Barnett, British politician
* Louise Swanton Belloc, French writer and translator
* Cornelia Frances Jefferson, American singer and actress
* Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky, Russian imperial statesmen
October 2
* Sir Henry Chamberlain, 2nd Baronet, Brazilian painter
* Sir Edward Denny, 4th Baronet, British politician
* William Boyd Kinnear, Canadian politician
October 3 – William Jameson, Scottish-Ecuadorian botanist
October 4
* August Wilhelm Bach, German composer
* Thomas Baillie, Canadian politician
* Robert King, 4th Earl of Kingston, Irish Earl
* John Richardson, British Army officer and Canadian novelist
October 5
* John Hoge Ewing, American politician
* Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhin, Hasidic rabbi and rebe, founder of the Ruzhyn dynasty
October 6
* August Abendroth, Lawyer, businessman and philanthropist
* Thomas T. Fauntleroy, American military figure and politician
* Charles Backus Goddard, American lawyer and politician
* Yevgeny Obolensky, Russian military officer
* George R. Redfield, American politician from Michigan
* Leonora Cannon Taylor, member of the Relief Society
October 8 – Joseph S. Cabot, Massachusetts banker and politician
October 9
* Fitzroy Kelly, British politician
* John Murdoch, Roman Catholic bishop in Scotland
* Rémi-Joseph Tellier, French Jesuit priest
* Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English archaeologist and writer
October 10
* Franz Gerhard Eschweiler, German botanist
* Thomas Konow, Norwegian politician and admiral
October 11
* August Ahlborn, German painter
* John W. Brown, American politician from New York
* Charles-Prosper Ollivier d'Angers, French neurologist
October 12
* William Arrindell, British judge
* Jacob Eichenbaum, Galician-Jewish maskil, educator, poet and mathematician
October 13
* Ellen Randolph Coolidge, granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson
* Stephen Creyke, English Anglican priest
* Coralie van den Cruyce, Belgian writer, feminist, poet
* Anders Retzius, Swedish scientist
October 14
* John Easton Mills, former mayor of Montreal, Quebec
* Ludvig Nicolaus von Scheele, Danish statesman
October 15
* John Stephen Bazin, French-born bishop in Indiana, United States
* Date Narimune, daimyo
* Toma Polyanskyi, politician
October 16
* Jean-Joseph Ader, French playwright
* Samuel G. Andrews, American politician
* James Martin Bell, American politician
* Karl Spindler, German writer
October 17
* Richard DeCharms, American minister
* William Deedes, English cricketer and politician
* Leopold Kupelwieser, Austrian artist
* James Matheson, British politician and merchant
* Ross Winans, inventor, locomotive builder
October 18
* Francis Bisset Hawkins, English physician
* Hosea Ballou II, American Universalist minister
* John Wilford Blackstone Sr., American lawyer and politician
October 19
* Remexido, Portuguese guerrilla leader
* Carl Wagner, German painter known for romantic landscape painting
October 20
* Walter Bearblock, English cricketer
* Pierre Lorillard III, American businessman
* George W. Owen, American politician
* George Eustis Sr., American judge
October 22
* Jacob Ljunglöf, Swedish businessman
* Achille Etna Michallon, French painter
* John James Snodgrass, British military officer, author
October 23
* William Casson, English botanist
* Stefano Franscini, mathematician, member of the Swiss Federal Council
October 24
* August von Platen-Hallermünde, German poet
* David Roberts, Scottish painter
* Charles Waddington, army engineer, British major-general
October 25 – Henry Crewe Boutflower, British writer and minister
October 26
* John Bennie, South African missionary
* John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane, British politician
* James Curley, Irish-American astronomer
* Gottfried Osann, German chemist and physicist
* Joseph Simon Volmar, Swiss painter and sculptor
October 27 – William L. Chaplin, American abolitionist
October 28
* Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg, German politician
* Robert Wilhelm Lagerborg, Finnish politician
* John Law, American politician
* Francis Moon, Lord Mayor of London
October 29 – Richard Spencer, American politician
October 30
* Beaubrun Ardouin, Haitian politician and historian
* Thomas William Bramston, British politician
* Wilhelm August Rieder, painter
* John Simmons, American businessman
October 31
* Ottilie von Goethe, German writer, editor
* Samuel Trehawke Kekewich, British politician

November

November 1 – William Adam, Scottish abolitionist and Unitarian minister
November 2
* Frederick Chamier, British writer
* Joseph Desanat, French Provençal poet and journal editor
November 3
* Jovan Gavrilović, Serbian historian
* Friedrich Lennig, German writer
November 4
* John Neagle, American painter
* James McNeil Stephenson, American lawyer, businessman and politician
November 5
* Lewis F. Linn, Jacksonian Democratic U.S. Senator for the state of Missouri
* Sir Henry Thompson, 3rd Baronet, British baronet
November 6
* George Back, British Royal Navy admiral
* Jean-Claude-Léonard Baveux, French Sulpician priest
* Charles Richard Fox, British Army general
* Bartholomew Gugy, Canadian politician
* Leopold II, Prince of Lippe, Sovereign of the Principality of Lippe
November 7
* Alphonso Boone, American pioneer
* Edward Pery Buckley, politician
* Charles C. Hascall, American politician
November 8 – Alexandre Vattemare, French ventriloquist and philanthropist
November 10
* François-Xavier Méthot, Canadian politician
* Jonas Webb, English farmer
November 11
* Phan Thanh Giản, Vietnamese official
* Frederic de Peyster, American lawyer
* Joseph Swan, engraver and publisher
November 13
* Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach, German jurist
* Matthew Howard-Gibbon, British officer of arms
* Erik Julin, Finnish businessperson
November 14
* Friederike Funk, German soprano
* Alejandro Próspero Révérend, French physician
* Robert Young, Australian clergyman
November 17
* Thomas Hills, English cricketer
* Sir Henry Willoughby, 3rd Baronet, British politician
November 18
* Karl Arnold-Obrist, Swiss priest
* Andrew Butler, American senator
* Henry Dangar, surveyor and pastoralist in New South Wales, Australia
November 19 – Christian Lorenz Sommer, German classical philologist
November 20
* Pierre-Louis Billaudèle, Canadian priest
* Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin, French botanist
* Thomas Stearn, English cricketer
November 21 – Jean Zuléma Amussat, French surgeon
November 24
* Stephan Ludwig Roth, Transylvanian Saxon intellectual, pedagogue, Lutheran pastor
* Maltby Strong, American politician
November 25
* Andreas von Ettingshausen, German mathematician, physicist
* Abdollah Mirza Qajar, Iranian poet and Qajar prince
* Edward Robinson, American politician
November 27
* Gamaliel Bartlett, American postmaster
* Alexis Bonami, Canadian fur trader
* John MacEnery, British archaeologist
* Richard Mayne, English barrister, joint Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
* Jens Vahl, Danish botanist
* John Wright, English cricketer
November 28 – Daniel William Cahill, Irish physicist
November 29 – John Hope-Johnstone, Scottish politician
November 30 – Carl Loewe, German composer

December

December 2
* Ödön Beöthy, Hungarian nobleman, politician
* Edward Dunsterville, British naval officer and hydrographer
* William Webb Follett, English lawyer and politician
* David Spangler, American politician
December 3
* Francis Kenrick, Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia
* Henriette Widerberg, Swedish opera soprano
December 5
* William Arthur, father of U.S. president Chester A. Arthur
* Thomas Flower Ellis, British law reporter
* George Mortimer Tibbits, American landowner
December 6
* Joseph W. Jackson, American politician from Georgia state
* Henry Seymour, New Zealand politician
December 7 – Michel Charles Durieu de Maisonneuve, French botanist
December 8 – Ferdinand Wolf, Romance philologist from Austria
December 9 – Emilie Zumsteeg, German composer, music teacher, choir conductor, singer, pianist
December 10 – John Burnet Biddulph, South African explorer
December 11
* Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe, British earl
* Nikolai Lukash, Imperial Russian military officer and politician
* Thomas Alexander Souter, British army officer
December 12 – John Stephenson, canadian physician
December 13 – George Storrs, American minister
December 14
* Lilburn Boggs, American politician
* Auguste Lorieux, French writer
December 15
* Jacob Letterstedt, Swedish businessman
* Hiram Runnels, U.S. politician
December 17
* Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Canadian-British politician, judge and author
* Christina Robertson, Scottish artist, editor
December 18
* Peter Daniel Bruun, Danish politician and lawyer
* James Gallatin, American banker
December 19
* Joan Aulí, Spanish composer and organist
* Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Spanish dramatist, poet and journalist
December 20 – Simon Meister, German painter
December 21 – Tomasz Zan, Polish poet
December 22
* George McClellan, American surgeon
* Jared W. Williams, American politician
December 24 – Tytus Działyński, Polish politician
December 25
* Fernán Caballero, Spanish novelist
* Hugh Lee Pattinson, English industrial chemist
* Juan Esteban Pedernera, Argentine politician and military officer
* Frederick Augustus Ross, American minister
December 27
* Mirza Ghalib, Persian poet of Urdu
* Franciszek Pfanhauser, Polish painter
* Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz, Prussian field marshal
December 29
* William B. Calhoun, American politician
* Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist
* Ferdinand von Wrangel, Baltic German explorer and Russian admiral
December 30 – Miklós Wesselényi, Hungarian politician

;Date unknown

Du Bois Agett, early settler of Western Australia
Edwin Beard Budding, English engineer and inventor of the lawnmower
Mirza Shafi Vazeh, Azeri poet

Deaths

January–March

January 1
* Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde French musician and chemist
* Giambattista Vasco, Italian economist
January 5 – Samuel Huntington, Connecticut jurist
January 5 – Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician
January 13 – John Anderson, Scottish scientist and inventor
February 7 – Sir Francis Geary, 1st Baronet, officer of the British Royal Navy
February 14 – Samuel Pegge, English antiquary
February 15 – John Caesar Australian bushranger of African descent
February 17 – James Macpherson, Scottish writer
February 25 – Jean-Nicolas Stofflet, French royalist general
February 28 – Friedrich Wilhelm Rust, German violinist
March 1 – Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, Swedish architect and civil servant
March 3 – Pierre-René Rogue, French Catholic priest, member of the Congregation of the Mission
March 6 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer, man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment
March 10
* William Chambers, Scottish-Swedish architect
* John Forbes, British Royal Navy officer
March 12 – Franz Töpsl, Augustinian Canon Regular
March 16 – Joseph Gerrald, Scottish political reformer
March 19 – Hugh Palliser, British naval officer, administrator
March 26 – François de Charette, French Royalist soldier, politician
March 30 – Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt

April–June

April 2 – Ulrika Pasch, Swedish rococo painter and miniaturist
April 6 – George Campbell, Scottish minister
April 9 – Frederick Albert, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania
April 11 – François-Antoine Devaux, French writer
April 16 – Molly Brant Mohawk United Empire Loyalist
April 17 – Raja Chamaraja Wodeyar IX of Mysore
April 30 – Franciszka Corvin-Krasińska, Polish noblewoman, morganatic wife of Charles of Saxony
May 1 – Alexandre Guy Pingré, Catholic priest and scientist
May 2 – Juan García Ruiz, bishop of Nueva Segovia
May 6 – Adolph Freiherr Knigge, German writer, Freemason
May 12 – Johann Uz, German poet
May 13 – John Butler, Loyalist who led an irregular militia unit during the American Revolutionary War
May 17 – Gotthard Friedrich Stender, Baltic-German Lutheran priest who played an outstanding role in Latvia's history of culture
May 28 – Caroline of Stolberg-Gedern, Princess of Stolberg-Gerdern by birth and by marriage a princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
May 29 – Carl Fredrik Pechlin, Swedish politician and demagogue
June 7 – Elisabetta Caminèr Turra, Venetian writer
June 8
* Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois, French revolutionary
* Felice Giardini, Italian composer, violinist
June 9 – José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, patron of the artist Francisco Goya
June 11
* Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts politician, merchant
* Samuel Whitbread, English brewer, politician
June 14
* Charles Albert II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, 3rd Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst from 1793 to 1796
* John Laforey, British naval officer
June 16
* Charles of Saxony, Duke of Courland, German prince from the House of Wettin and Duke of Courland
* Walter Stewart, Irish-born American general during the American Revolutionary War
June 19 – Consider Tiffany, British loyalist
June 21 – Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier
June 25 – Johann Philipp Siebenkees, German philosopher
June 26 – David Rittenhouse, American astronomer, inventor, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman and public official
June 28 – Antonio Maria Lorgna, Italian mathematician
June 30 – Abraham Yates Jr., American lawyer, civil servant from Albany

July–September

July 8
* John Mills, American soldier, officer
* Adam Naruszewicz, Polish-Lithuanian nobleman
July 16
* William Gerard Hamilton, English statesman
* George Howard, British field marshal
July 17 – John Christopher Hartwick, Lutheran minister in Colonial America, founder of Hartwick College
July 20 – John Houstoun, American lawyer, statesman from Savannah
July 21
* Robert Burns, Scottish poet
* Philip Carteret, British naval officer, explorer in two circumnavigation expeditions
August 1
* Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, British Army officer during the American Revolutionary War
* Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, British army officer
August 2 – Sarah Osborn, American writer
August 10 – Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman from Tyrol, Landvögte and Kreishauptmann of Vorarlberg
August 12
* Richard Beckford, English member of parliament
* Mary Ann Wrighten, English singer, actress
August 25 – Isaac Parsons, American planter
August 31 – John McKinly, American physician, politician from Wilmington
September 1 – David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield
September 7 – Henri François Lambert, brigadier general of the French revolutionary army
September 11 – Anna Barbara Gignoux, German industrialist
September 20
* Juan José Elhuyar, Spanish chemist, mineralogist
* Christian Febiger, American Revolutionary War commander
September 21 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French revolutionary general
September 27 – Jonathan Sewall, last British attorney general of Massachusetts
September 29 – Henry Hamilton, Anglo-Irish soldier, government official of the British Empire

October–December

October 7 – Thomas Reid, religiously trained Scottish philosopher
October 10 – Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
October 16
* Antoine-Joseph Pernety, French writer
* Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
October 30 – Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton, Scottish general
November 8 – King Ang Eng of Cambodia
November 17 – Empress Catherine II of Russia
November 19 – Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath
December 2 – Jean Charles Abbatucci, French general during the War of the First Coalition
December 5 – George Mason V, American planter, businessman
December 10 – Israel Jacobs, colonial Pennsylvania Legislator and United States Representative from Pennsylvania
December 12 – William Buller, English clergyman
December 15 – Anthony Wayne, United States Army officer, statesman, and member of the United States House of Representatives
December 16 – Johann Daniel Titius, German astronomer, professor at Wittenberg
December 18 – Lord John Cavendish, British nobleman, statesman
December 19 – Pyotr Rumyantsev, Russian general
December 25
* Bengt Anders Euphrasén, Swedish botanist
* Velu Nachiyar, Indian queen of Sivaganga estate
December 28 – Prince Louis Charles of Prussia, son of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt