1689

Events

Notable events during this year include:

Coup, war, and legislation in England and its territories.
* The overthrow of Catholic king James of England, Ireland, and Scotland in the Glorious Revolution.
* The latter realms entering the Nine Years War and its expansion to the American colonies in the King William's War.
* The Bill of Rights becomes law in England.
Japanese writer Bashō goes on a voyage, resulting in the classic Narrow Road to the Interior.
The death of Pope Innocent XI and the election of the 241st Pope Alexander VIII.
The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire.
Morocco wins in the Siege of Larache against Spain.
Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China.

January–March

January 22 - Glorious Revolution in England: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King James II of England, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of 1688. The settlement of this is agreed on 8 February.
January 30 - The first performance of the opera Henrico Leone composed by Agostino Steffani takes place in Hannover to inaugurate the new royal theatre in the Leineschloss.
February 12 - John Locke returned to London from exile in Holland.
February 23 - William III and Mary II are proclaimed co-rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland.
March 2 - Nine Years' War: As French forces leave, they set fire to Heidelberg Castle, and the nearby town of Heidelberg.
March 22 - Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed James II of England lands with 6,000 French soldiers in Ireland, where there is a Catholic majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup. However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV, and refuse to support him.
March 27 - Japanese haiku master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic Oku no Hosomichi.

April–June

April 4 - A total lunar eclipse is visible in central Asia.
April 11 - William III and Mary II are crowned in London as King and Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII of Scotland deposed.
April 18
* 1689 [Boston revolt|Boston revolt]: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a "mob" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters.
* The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of Derry and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The Protestant defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. .
April 19 - A fire in Amalienborg-palace in Copenhagen killed 180 people.
May 11
*The Battle of Bantry Bay begins during the Williamite War in Ireland as the French fleet under the Marquis de Châteaurenault is able to protect its transports, unloading supplies for James II, from the English Royal Navy under the Earl of Torrington, and withdraws unpursued.
*William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII
May 12 - Nine Years' War: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and New England borders.
May 24 - The Act of Toleration, drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to protect Protestants but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded, is passed; this effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution.
May 25 - The last hearth tax is collected in England and Wales.
May 31 - Leisler's Rebellion: Calvinist Jacob Leisler deposes lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson and assumes control of the Province of New York.
June 5 - The Convention of Estates adjourns in Scotland after 11 weeks and its members form a new Scottish parliament.
June 14 - The Duke of Gordon, a Scottish peer and Jacobite supporter, surrenders Edinburgh Castle to Protestant attackers after holding out for 20 days following the Glorious Revolution.

July–September

July 25 - The Council of Wales and the Marches is abolished.
July 27 - First Jacobite rising: Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in Perthshire - Scottish Covenanter supporters of William III and Mary II are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II, but the latter's leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed. Hand grenades are used in action.
July 28 - English sailors break through a floating boom across the River Foyle, to end the siege of Derry after 105 days.
August 2 - Boston Revolt: Edmund Andros, former governor of the Dominion of New England, escapes from Boston to Connecticut, but is recaptured.
August 5 - Beaver Wars: Lachine massacre - A force of 1,500 Iroquois largely destroys the village of Lachine, New France.
August 12 - Pope Innocent XI, Pope since 1676, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire.
August 20 - A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27.
August 21 - First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld - Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland.
August 23
*Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6.
*Gravely ill, the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's Kangxi Emperor, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day.
August 27 - China and Russia sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
September 3-12 - Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assembled in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that would become known as the 1689 [Baptist Confession of Faith].
September 8 - The Siege of Mainz, which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General Nicolas Chalon du Blé surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic.
September 9 - King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War.
September 24 - The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War in modern-day Serbia.
September 28-29 - A total lunar eclipse is visible in eastern America, western Europe and west Africa.

October–December

October 6 - The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years.
October 26 - Skopje fire of 1689 occurs, lasting for two days and burning much of the city.
November 11 - The Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces.
November 22 - Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China.
December 10 - A great comet is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many from Dutch ships near the equator.
December 16 - The Bill of Rights, drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to establish constitutional monarchy in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne, receives royal assent; it will remain substantially in force into the 21st century.
December 22 - A serious earthquake strikes Innsbruck, Austria.

Date unknown

Peter the Great plots to overthrow his half-sister Sophia as regent of Russia.
Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle in the north west of England.
The English East India Company expands its influence, and a Committee of the House of Commons is formed to deal with the concerns of the Company.
Valvasor's The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola is printed in Nuremberg.
The first documented performance of the opera Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell takes place at Josias Priest's girls' school in Chelsea, London, with a libretto based on Virgil's Aeneid.
Boston suffers a smallpox epidemic.

Births

January

January 7 - Robert Murray, Brigadier-General, Scottish soldier, Member of Parliament
January 11 - Charles Parkin, English clergyman and antiquarian
January 15 - Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic
January 16 - Edmond Jean François Barbier, French historian
January 18
* Montesquieu, French social commentator and political thinker
* Jan Abel Wassenbergh, painter from the Northern Netherlands
January 21 - Daniel Henchman, bookseller
January 22 - Philibert Orry, French politician
January 23 - Joseph Ames, English bibliographer and antiquary
January 24 - Gaspare Diziani, Italian painter
January 29 - James Rait, Bishop of Brechin

February

February 1 - Thomas Jenner, English academic
February 3 - Blas de Lezo, admiral of the Spanish Empire
February 23 - Leonardo Antonio Olivieri, Italian painter
c. February 23 - Samuel Bellamy, English pirate captain
February 27
* Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer
* John Roosevelt, American businessman and alderman
* Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental, German noble

March

March 3 - Thomas Ingoldsby, British politician
March 3 - Mattias Alexander von Ungern-Sternberg, Swedish politician and field marshal
March 7 - Charles-Michel Mesaiger, Jesuit priest
March 11
* Roger Handasyd, British Army officer
* Nanbu Toshimoto, mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, the 6th daimyō of Morioka Domain
March 19 - Pierre-Joseph Alary, French ecclesiastic and writer
March 20 - Thomas Robie, Colonial American scientist and physician
March 25 - Peder Hersleb, Norwegian bishop
March 26 - Archduchess [Maria Magdalena of Austria (1689–1743)|Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria], Austrian Royal

October

October 10 - Francesco Maria Pratilli, Italian priest, antiquarian, famed for skilled forgeries
October 15 - Nicolas-Ignace de Beaubois, French missionary
October 22
* King John V of Portugal, Portuguese king
* Matthew Skinner, English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician
October 29 - Tokugawa Yoshimichi, daimyo
October 31 - Mildmay Fane, British politician

November

November 2
* Michael Cox, Anglican archbishop in Ireland
* Charles-François Panard, French chansonnier and poet
* Joan Paul Schaghen, Dutch governor
November 3
* Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, Czech composer
* John Crowley, British Member of Parliament
November 4 - Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, Portuguese nobleman and statesman
November 6
* Reynolds Calthorpe, politician
* Christoph Schütz, German theologian
November 8 - Henry XXXV, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
November 17 - Jean François Foppens, Flemish historian
November 21 - Jacques I, Prince of Monaco, Prince consort of Monaco
November 29 - Johann Theodor Eller, German chemist and physician
November 30
* Lars Gathenhielm, Swedish privateer
* Joseph Wamps, French painter

December

December 1 - Hieronymus Albrecht Hass, harpsichord maker
December 4 - Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician
December 8 - Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Titular margrave of Brandenburg, imperial general
December 11 - Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter
December 14 - Agostino Veracini, Italian painter
December 21 - Arthur Ingram, 6th Viscount of Irvine, British peer and politician
December 23 - Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer
December 24 - Frans van Mieris the Younger, Dutch painter
December 27 - Jacob August Franckenstein, Encyclopedia editor, professor

Deaths

January

January 6
* Cristoforo Ivanovich, Venetian historian and librettist of Serb origin
* Bishop Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, mathematician and astronomer
January 9 - Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet, English politician
January 16 - Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare, English politician
January 18
* Ernest Günther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
* Humphrey Lloyd, British bishop
January 24 - Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave, English peer and Jacobite supporter
January 27
* Robert Aske, merchant & haberdasher in the City of London
* Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician
* Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, English noble and colonial governor of Virginia
January 28 - Bernardino Corniani, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Pula
January 29 - Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer, Dutch director of Rensselaerswyck
January 31 - Manuel de Herrera, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Durango

February

February 1 - Sir John Borlase, 2nd Baronet, English politician
February 4 - Moshe ben Yonatan Galante, Ottoman rabbi
February 5 - William Coddington Jr., Rhode Island colonial governor
February 6 - Metcalfe Robinson, English politician
February 8 - Sir John Gell, 2nd Baronet, English politician
February 12 - Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain as the wife of King Charles II
February 13 - Carlo Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal
February 18 - Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, Spanish politician and military personnel
February 19 - Khushal Khattak, Afghan poet
February 21 - Isaac Vossius, Dutch classical scholar
February 22 - Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright
February 24 - Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess
February 28 - Thomas Benedict, American settler

March

March 7 - Franz Johann von Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg, Bishop of Constance
March 8 - Alexander Parker, British minister
March 9 - François Adhémar de Monteil, French priest, Bishop of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux
March 10 - Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg
March 11
* Kim Ik-hun, Korean General and philosopher, soldier, politician
* Sambhaji, High Protector of the Maratha Empire
March 14 - Anthony Coucheron, Norwegian engineer
March 15 - Yolo, Qing dynasty prince
March 18 - John Dixwell, regicide
March 24
* Thomas Ballard, American politician
* Michiel ten Hove, Grand Pensionary of Holland
March 26 - Gabriel Milan, Governor of the Danish West Indies
March 29 - Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England
March 30 - Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher
March 31 - Tommaso Caracciolo, Bishop of Gerace

April

April 4 - Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III
April 12 - John Hunting, first ruling elder of the church of Dedham, Massachusetts
April 14 - Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, Italian noble
April 16 - Aphra Behn, British playwright, poet and spy
April 18 - George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge, aka the Hanging Judge
April 19 - Christina, Queen of Sweden, ruled from 1632 until abdication in 1654
April 22 - Thomas Proby, English politician

May

May 11 - Charles Goodall, English poet
May 12 - Sir John Reresby, 2nd Baronet, English politician and diarist
May 15 - Jean Paul Médaille, French Jesuit missionary
May 20 - Estevão Brioso de Figueiredo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Funchal of Olinda
May 23 - Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar, Scottish noble
May 25 - Charles Errard, French painter

June

June 4 - René Gaultier de Varennes, New France governor
June 7 - Alphonse de Berghes, Roman Catholic archbishop
June 8 - Decio Azzolino, Italian Catholic cardinal
June 9 - François Bonnemer, French painter and engraver
June 10 - Christophe Veyrier, sculptor
June 13 - William Annand, Minister of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England
June 14 - Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness, English noble
June 17
* Jan Baptist de Crépu, Flemish painter and army officer
* Marcin Zamoyski, Polish noble
June 20
* Willem Coucheron, Dutch general in the Dano-Norwegian army
* Richard Sherlock, English Anglican priest
June 21 - Thomas Blanchet, French painter
June 25 - William Thomas, Welsh Anglican bishop
June 27 - Richard Waldron, colonial settler, acting President of the Province of New Hampshire
June 28 - Thomas Mainwaring, English politician

July

July 1 - Anne Crawford-Lindsay, Scottish nobility
July 2 - Edward Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
July 7 - Princess Louise of Savoy, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden
July 8
* Menahem Mendel Auerbach, Austrian banker and rabbi
* Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer
July 19 - Song Si-yeol, Korean philosopher
July 23 - Frederick Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, German noble
July 27 - John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general

August

August 6 - Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Electress of Brandenburg
August 9 - Dionisio Lazzari, Italian sculptor and architect
August 12 - Pope Innocent XI, pope of the Catholic Church
August 13 - Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
August 15 - John Gregory, Connecticut settler
August 17
* William Boynton, English politician
* Thomas Street, astronomer
August 20 - Antonio Marinari, Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia-Velletri, Titular Bishop of Thagaste
August 21 - William Cleland, Scottish poet and soldier
August 28
* Claude-Jean Allouez, French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America
* Alexander Coosemans, Flemish still life painter
August 29 - Curwen Rawlinson, English politician
August 30 - John Lake, English bishop

September

September 6 - Torii Tadanori, Daimyo who ruled the Takatō Domain in Shinano Province
September 9 - Jane Lane, Lady Fisher, English Royalist
September 10 - John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse, English politician and noble
September 13 - Ciro Ferri, Italian painter, engraver, sculptor and architect
September 15
* Balthasar Cellarius, German theologian
* Timoléon Cheminais de Montaigu, French theologian
September 18 - Sir Richard Head, 1st Baronet, English politician
September 26 - August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
September 30 - Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bohemian noble

October

October 1 - Alexander Voet the Elder, Flemish engraver
October 4 - Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic
October 11 - Fyodor Shaklovity, Russian diplomat
October 13 - George Ent, English scientist and physician;
October 14 - Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Swedish prince
October 15 - Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, English politician
October 24 - Stephan Farffler, German inventor
October 25 - Joseph Maynard, English politician
October 30 - Pier Antonio Capobianco, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lacedonia

November

November 9 - Enea Silvio Piccolomini, imperial general
November 12 - Justus de Verwer, Dutch painter and illustrator
November 13
* Matteo Borboni, Italian painter
* Philipp von Zesen, German poet
November 16 - Cornelis Mahu, Flemish painter
November 18 - Jacob van der Ulft, painter from the Northern Netherlands
November 19 - Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman;
November 20 - Samuel Peterson, American city founder
November 24 - Carey Dillon, 5th Earl of Roscommon, Irish nobleman and professional soldier
November 26 - Marquard Gude, German archaeologist

December

December 2 - George Speke, English politician
December 6 - Pjetër Bogdani, Albanian priest and writer
December 12 - Louis Ferdinand Elle the Elder, French painter
December 15 - Anne Neville, abbess of Pontoise
December 16
* Cornelis Geelvinck, Dutch mayor
* Thomas Wyndham, English Member of Parliament
December 25 - Oliver Montagu, English Member of Parliament
December 27 - Gervase Bryan, English clergyman
December 28 - Pietro Montanini, Italian painter
December 29
* Olfert Dapper, Dutch physician and writer
* George Kinnaird, 1st Lord Kinnaird, Scottish aristocrat
* Françoise Bertaut de Motteville, French writer
* Thomas Sydenham, English physician
December 31
* Felipe Fernandez de Pardo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Manila
* Gilbert de Choiseul Duplessis Praslin, Roman Catholic bishop
* Anders Sinclair, Scottish soldier who joined Swedish service during the Thirty Years' War

1689

Events

January&ndash;March

April&ndash;June

July&ndash;September

October&ndash;December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December