July 7
Events
Pre-1600
- 1124 - The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
- 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
- 1520 - Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba.
- 1534 - Jacques Cartier makes his first contact with aboriginal peoples in what is now Canada.
- 1575 - The Raid of the Redeswire is the last major battle between England and Scotland.
- 1585 - The Treaty of Nemours abolishes tolerance to Protestants in France.
1601–1900
- 1667 - An English fleet completes the destruction of a French merchant fleet off Fort St Pierre, Martinique during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
- 1770 - The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.
- 1777 - American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated in the Battle of Hubbardton.
- 1798 - As a result of the XYZ Affair, the US Congress rescinds the Treaty of Alliance with France sparking the "Quasi-War".
- 1807 - The first Treaty of Tilsit between France and Russia is signed, ending hostilities between the two countries in the War of the Fourth Coalition.
- 1834 - In New York City, four nights of rioting against abolitionists began.
- 1846 - US troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the US conquest of California.
- 1863 - The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
- 1865 - Four conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
- 1892 - The Katipunan is established, the discovery of which by Spanish authorities initiated the Philippine Revolution.
- 1898 - US president William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution, annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
- 1900 - The luxury raching yacht Idler capsizes and sinks on Lake Erie during a storm, drowning six of its seven passengers.
1901–present
- 1907 - Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. staged his first Follies on the roof of the New York Theater in New York City.
- 1911 - The United States, UK, Japan, and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 banning open-water seal hunting, the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.
- 1915 - The First Battle of the Isonzo comes to an end.
- 1915 - Colombo Town Guard officer Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for allegedly inciting persecution of Muslims.
- 1916 - The New Zealand Labour Party was founded in Wellington.
- 1928 - Sliced bread is sold for the first time by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri.
- 1930 - Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of Boulder Dam.
- 1930 - The Finnish far-right Lapua Movement organises the Peasant March demonstration in Helsinki to put pressure on the government to prohibit communist activities.
- 1937 - The Marco Polo Bridge Incident provides the Imperial Japanese Army with a pretext for starting the Second Sino-Japanese War.
- 1937 - The Peel Commission Report recommends the partition of Palestine, which was the first formal recommendation for partition in the history of Palestine.
- 1941 - The US occupation of Iceland replaces the UK's occupation.
- 1944 - World War II: Largest Banzai charge of the Pacific War at the Battle of Saipan.
- 1946 - Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
- 1946 - Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 reconnaissance aircraft prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
- 1952 - The ocean liner passes Bishop Rock on her maiden voyage, breaking the transatlantic speed record to become the fastest passenger ship in the world.
- 1953 - Ernesto "Che" Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.
- 1958 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law.
- 1959 - Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
- 1962 - Alitalia Flight 771 crashes in Junnar, Maharashtra, India, killing 94 people.
- 1963 - Buddhist crisis: Police commanded by Ngô Đình Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest.
- 1978 - The Solomon Islands becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
- 1980 - Institution of sharia law in Iran.
- 1980 - During the Lebanese Civil War, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what will be known as the Safra massacre.
- 1981 - US President Ronald Reagan nominates Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.
- 1983 - Cold War: Samantha Smith, a US schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Secretary General Yuri Andropov.
- 1985 - Boris Becker becomes the youngest male player ever to win Wimbledon at age 17.
- 1991 - Yugoslav Wars: The Brioni Agreement ends the ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- 1992 - The New York Court of Appeals rules that women have the same right as men to go topless in public.
- 1997 - The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.
- 2003 - NASA Opportunity rover, MER-B or Mars Exploration Rover–B, was launched into space aboard a Delta II rocket.
- 2005 - A series of four explosions occurs on London's transport system, killing 56 people, including four suicide bombers, and injuring over 700 others.
- 2006 - A shootout happens in Spiritwood, Canada, killing 2 Royal Canadian Mounted Police and wounding a 3rd officer.
- 2007 - The first Live Earth benefit concert was held in 11 locations around the world.
- 2011 – A man goes on a killing spree in Grand Rapids, Michigan, killing 7 and wounding 2 before killing himself.
- 2012 - At least 172 people are killed in a flash flood in the Krasnodar Krai region of Russia.
- 2013 - A De Havilland Otter air taxi crashes in Soldotna, Alaska, killing ten people.
- 2016 - Ex-US Army soldier Micah Xavier Johnson shoots fourteen policemen, killing five of them, in downtown Dallas, Texas at the end of a protest of recent police killings of Black men. He is subsequently killed by a robot-delivered bomb.
- 2017 - The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted with 122 countries voting in favour.
- 2019 - The United States defeated the Netherlands 2–0 at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final in Lyon, France.
- 2021 - Haitian crisis: Haitian President Jovenel Moïse is assassinated in his residence in the capital of Port-au-Prince.
- 2022 - Boris Johnson announces his resignation as leader of the Conservative Party following days of pressure from the Members of Parliament during the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis.
Births
Pre-1600
- 611 - Eudoxia Epiphania, daughter of Byzantine emperor Heraclius
- 1053 - Emperor Shirakawa of Japan
- 1119 - Emperor Sutoku of Japan
- 1207 - Elizabeth of Hungary
- 1482 - Andrzej Krzycki, Polish archbishop
- 1528 - Archduchess Anna of Austria
- 1540 - John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary
- 1585 - Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland
- 1588 - Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg
1601–1900
- 1616 - John Leverett, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
- 1752 - Joseph Marie Jacquard, French merchant, invented the Jacquard loom
- 1766 - Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general
- 1831 - Jane Elizabeth Conklin, American poet and religious writer
- 1833 - Félicien Rops, Belgian painter and illustrator
- 1843 - Camillo Golgi, Italian physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1846 - Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian physician and author
- 1848 - Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian politician, 5th President of Brazil
- 1851 - Charles Albert Tindley, American minister and composer
- 1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, German author and playwright
- 1859 - Rettamalai Srinivasan, Indian politician
- 1860 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer and conductor
- 1861 - Nettie Stevens, American geneticist
- 1869 - Rachel Caroline Eaton, American academic
- 1869 - Fernande Sadler, French painter and mayor
- 1874 - Erwin Bumke, German lawyer and jurist
- 1880 - Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented sliced bread
- 1882 - Yanka Kupala, Belarusian poet and writer
- 1883 - Toivo Kuula, Finnish conductor and composer
- 1884 - Lion Feuchtwanger, German author and playwright
- 1891 - Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general and poet
- 1891 - Virginia Rappe, American model and actress
- 1893 - Herbert Feis, American historian and author
- 1893 - Miroslav Krleža, Croatian author, poet, and playwright
- 1898 - Arnold Horween, American football player and coach
- 1899 - George Cukor, American director and producer
- 1900 - Maria Bard, German stage and silent film actress
- 1900 - Earle E. Partridge, American general
1901–present
- 1901 - Sam Katzman, American director and producer
- 1901 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director
- 1901 - Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer and producer
- 1902 - Ted Radcliffe, American baseball player and manager
- 1904 - Simone Beck, French chef and author
- 1905 - Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin, French mathematician
- 1906 - William Feller, Croatian-American mathematician and academic
- 1906 - Anton Karas, Austrian zither player and composer
- 1906 - Satchel Paige, American baseball player and coach
- 1907 - Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer and screenwriter
- 1908 - Revilo P. Oliver, American author and academic
- 1909 - Gottfried von Cramm, German tennis player
- 1910 - Doris McCarthy, Canadian painter and author
- 1911 - Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-American composer
- 1913 - Pinetop Perkins, American singer and pianist
- 1915 - Margaret Walker, American novelist and poet
- 1917 - Fidel Sánchez Hernández, Salvadoran general and politician, President of El Salvador
- 1917 - Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer
- 1918 - Bob Vanatta, American head basketball coach
- 1918 - Jing Shuping, Chinese businessman
- 1919 - Jon Pertwee, English actor
- 1921 - Ezzard Charles, American boxer
- 1921 - Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician
- 1922 - Alan Armer, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1922 - James D. Hughes, American Air Force lieutenant general
- 1923 - Liviu Ciulei, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1923 - Whitney North Seymour Jr., American politician
- 1923 - Eduardo Falú, Argentinian guitarist and composer
- 1924 - Natalia Bekhtereva, Russian neuroscientist and psychologist
- 1924 - Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist
- 1924 - Karim Olowu, Nigerian sprinter and long jumper
- 1924 - Eddie Romero, Filipino director, producer, screenwriter, and National Artist for Cinema and Broadcast Arts
- 1925 - Geliy Korzhev, Russian painter
- 1925 - Wally Phillips, American radio host
- 1926 - Nuon Chea, Cambodian politician
- 1926 - Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlvi, Urdu poet
- 1927 - Alan J. Dixon, American lawyer and politician, 34th Illinois Secretary of State
- 1927 - Charlie Louvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1927 - Doc Severinsen, American trumpet player and conductor
- 1928 - Patricia Hitchcock, English actress
- 1928 - Kapelwa Sikota Zambian nurse and health official
- 1929 - Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet
- 1929 - Sergio Romano, Italian writer, journalist, and historian
- 1930 - Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author
- 1930 - Theodore McCarrick, American former cardinal
- 1930 - Hank Mobley, American saxophonist and composer
- 1930 - Biljana Plavšić, 2nd President of Republika Srpska
- 1931 - David Eddings, American author and academic
- 1932 - T. J. Bass, American physician and author
- 1932 - Joe Zawinul, Austrian jazz keyboardist and composer
- 1933 - David McCullough, American historian and author
- 1934 - Robert McNeill Alexander, British zoologist
- 1935 - Gian Carlo Michelini, Italian-Taiwanese Roman Catholic priest
- 1936 - Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic
- 1936 - Jo Siffert, Swiss race car driver
- 1936 - Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer-songwriter
- 1937 - Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong businessman and politician, 1st Chief Executive of Hong Kong
- 1938 - James Montgomery Boice, American pastor and theologian
- 1939 - Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress
- 1940 - Ringo Starr, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor
- 1941 - Marco Bollesan, Italian rugby player and coach
- 1941 - Michael Howard, Welsh lawyer and politician
- 1941 - John Fru Ndi, Cameroonian politician
- 1941 - Bill Oddie, English comedian, actor, and singer
- 1941 - Jim Rodford, English bass player
- 1942 - Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
- 1943 - Joel Siegel, American journalist and critic
- 1944 - Tony Jacklin, English golfer and sportscaster
- 1944 - Glenys Kinnock, English educator and politician
- 1944 - Feleti Sevele, Tongan politician; Prime Minister of Tonga
- 1944 - Emanuel Steward, American boxer and trainer
- 1944 - Ian Wilmut, English-Scottish embryologist and academic
- 1945 - Michael Ancram, English lawyer and politician
- 1945 - Adele Goldberg, American computer scientist and academic
- 1945 - Helô Pinheiro, inspiration for the song "The Girl from Ipanema"
- 1947 - Gyanendra, King of Nepal
- 1947 - Howard Rheingold, American author and critic
- 1949 - Shelley Duvall, American actress, writer, and producer
- 1954 - Simon Anderson, Australian surfer
- 1955 - Len Barker, American baseball player and coach
- 1957 - Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer
- 1957 - Berry Sakharof, Turkish-Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1958 - Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach
- 1959 - Billy Campbell, American actor
- 1960 - Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut
- 1960 - Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach
- 1963 - Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter and actress
- 1964 - Dominik Henzel, Czech-Swedish actor and comedian
- 1965 - Mo Collins, American actress, comedian and screenwriter
- 1965 - Jeremy Kyle, English talk show host
- 1966 - Jim Gaffigan, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1967 - Tom Kristensen, Danish race car driver
- 1968 - Jorja Fox, American actress
- 1969 - Sylke Otto, German luger
- 1969 - Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1969 - Cree Summer, American-Canadian actress
- 1970 - Wayne McCullough, Northern Irish boxer
- 1970 - Min Patel, Indian-English cricketer
- 1970 - Erik Zabel, German cyclist and coach
- 1971 - Christian Camargo, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1972 - Lisa Leslie, American basketball player and actress
- 1972 - Manfred Stohl, Austrian race car driver
- 1972 - Kirsten Vangsness, American actress and writer
- 1973 - José Jiménez, Dominican baseball player
- 1974 - Patrick Lalime, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
- 1975 - Tony Benshoof, American luger
- 1975 - Louis Koen, South African rugby player
- 1975 - Adam Nelson, American shot putter
- 1976 - Bérénice Bejo, Argentinian-French actress
- 1976 - Dominic Foley, Irish footballer
- 1976 - Ercüment Olgundeniz, Turkish discus thrower and shot putter
- 1976 - Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor
- 1978 - Chris Andersen, American basketball player
- 1978 - Davor Kraljević, Croatian footballer
- 1979 - Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad Arbaysh, Saudi Arabian terrorist
- 1979 - Anastasios Gousis, Greek sprinter
- 1979 - Douglas Hondo, Zimbabwean cricketer
- 1980 - John Buck, American baseball player
- 1980 - Serdar Kulbilge, Turkish footballer
- 1980 - Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
- 1981 - Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
- 1981 - Synyster Gates, American guitarist
- 1982 - Jan Laštůvka, Czech footballer
- 1982 - George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
- 1982 - Asia O'Hara, American drag performer
- 1983 - Justin Davies, Australian footballer
- 1984 - Minas Alozidis, Greek hurdler
- 1984 - Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
- 1984 - Mohammad Ashraful, Bangladeshi cricketer
- 1985 - Marc Stein, German footballer
- 1986 - Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer
- 1986 - Udo Schwarz, German rugby player
- 1986 - Sevyn Streeter, American singer-songwriter
- 1988 - Kaci Brown, American singer-songwriter
- 1988 - Lukas Rosenthal, German rugby player
- 1989 - Landon Cassill, American race car driver
- 1989 - Miina Kallas, Estonian footballer
- 1989 - Karl-August Tiirmaa, Estonian skier
- 1990 - Lee Addy, Ghanaian footballer
- 1990 - Pascal Stöger, Austrian footballer
- 1991 - Alesso, Swedish DJ, record producer and musician
- 1992 - Ellina Anissimova, Estonian hammer thrower
- 1992 - Dominik Furman, Polish footballer
- 1994 - Nigina Abduraimova, Uzbekistani tennis player
- 1994 - Timothy Cathcart, Northern Irish race car driver
- 1994 - Ashton Irwin, Australian musician
- 1996 - Yoon Chae-kyung, South Korean singer and actress
- 1997 - Mizuho Habu, Japanese idol and model
- 1997 - James Marriott, English musician and online content creator
- 1999 - Moussa Diaby, French footballer