1892

In Samoa, this was the only leap year spanned to 367 days as July 4 repeated. This means that the International Date Line was drawn from the east of the country to go west.

Events

January

January 1 – Ellis Island begins processing immigrants to the United States.

February

February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies for a patent, on his compression ignition engine.
February 29 – St. Petersburg, Florida is incorporated as a town.

March

March 1 – Theodoros Deligiannis ends his term as Prime Minister of Greece and Konstantinos Konstantopoulos takes office.
March 6–8 – Exclusive Agreement: Rulers of six Trucial States and Bahrain sign an agreement, by which they become de facto British protectorates.
March 11 – The first basketball game is played in public, between students and faculty at the Springfield YMCA before 200 spectators. The final score is 5–1 in favor of the students, with the only goal for the faculty being scored by Amos Alonzo Stagg.
March 13 – Ernest Louis, a grandson of Queen Victoria, becomes Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine on the death of his father, Grand Duke Louis IV.
March 15
* The Liverpool Football Club is founded in England by John Houlding, the owner of Anfield; Houlding decides to form his own team after Everton leaves Anfield, in an argument over rent.
* Jesse W. Reno patents the first escalator, installed at Coney Island.
March 17 – The St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm besieges Tennessee with upwards of 26 inches of snow, establishing accumulation records that still stand.
March 18 – Sir Frederick Stanley, Governor General of Canada, announces his intention to donate the Stanley Cup for ice hockey.
March 20 – The first ever French rugby championship final takes place in Paris. Pierre de Coubertin referees the match, which Racing Club de France wins 4–3 over Stade Français.
March 31 – The world's first fingerprinting bureau is formally opened by the Buenos Aires Chief of Police; it has been operating unofficially since the previous year.

April

April 15 – The General Electric Company is established through the merger of the Thomson-Houston Electric Company and the Edison General Electric Company.
April – The Johnson County War breaks out between small farmers and large ranchers in Wyoming.

May

May 19 – Battle of Yemoja River: British troops defeat Ijebu infantry in modern-day Nigeria, using a maxim gun.
May 20 – The last broad gauge train runs from Paddington on the Great Western Railway of England.
May 22 – The British conquest of Ijebu Ode marks a major extension of colonial power into the Nigerian interior.
May 24 – Prince George becomes Duke of York.

June

June 5 – An oil fire in Oil City, Pennsylvania, United States, kills 130 people.
June 6 – The Chicago "L" begins operation for the first time with the opening of the Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad.
June 7 – Homer Plessy, a mixed-race man, is arrested for deliberately sitting in a whites-only railroad car in Louisiana, leading to the landmark United States Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson, which legitimized "separate but equal" racial segregation in the United States.
June 11 – The Limelight Department, later one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia.
June 30 – The Homestead Strike begins in Homestead, Pennsylvania, culminating in a battle between striking workers and private security agents on July 6.

July

July 4 – Samoa changes its time zone from 4 hours ahead of Japan to being 3 hours behind California, such that it crosses the International Date Line, and Monday, July 4 occurs twice.
July 4–26 – British general election: The Conservative and Liberal Unionist coalition government loses its majority in the House of Commons, eventually leading to Prime Minister Lord Salisbury's resignation on August 12.
July 6
* Dr. José Rizal, Filipino writer, philosopher and political activist, is arrested by Spanish authorities in connection with La Liga Filipina.
* Homestead Strike: The arrival of a force of 300 Pinkerton detectives from New York and Chicago results in a fight in which about 10 men are killed.
July 8 – The Great Fire of 1892 devastates the city of St. John's, Newfoundland.
July 12 – A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains.
July 13 – The United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property is established in Bern, Switzerland.
July 16 – Queen Victoria meets with Martha Ann Ricks.
July 25 – The Community of the Resurrection, an Anglican religious community for men, is founded by Charles Gore and Walter Frere, initially in Oxford.

August

August 4
* The father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden are found murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home; she will be acquitted of their murder.
August 9 – Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph.
August 15 – Valparaíso, Chile founds its first football team, Santiago Wanderers.
August 18 – William Ewart Gladstone assumes the U.K. premiership, as head of the Liberal government, with Irish Nationalist Party support.

September

September 8 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited in the United States.
September 9 – Amalthea, the fifth moon of Jupiter, is discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard.
September 15 – Sergei Witte replaces Ivan Vyshnegradsky, as Russian finance minister.
September 22 – The 'Little Pastry Chef', a French police informant among anarchists, is murdered in Saint-Denis.
September – Women are first admitted to Yale University's graduate school.

October

October 1 – The University of Chicago holds its first classes.
October 5
* The Dalton Gang, attempting to rob two banks in Coffeyville, Kansas, is shot by the townspeople; only Emmett Dalton, with 23 wounds, survives, to spend 14 years in prison.
* Master criminal Adam Worth is captured in Liège, Belgium, during an attempted robbery of a money delivery cart.
October 12 – To mark the 400th anniversary Columbus Day holiday, the "Pledge of Allegiance" is first recited in unison by students in U.S. public schools.
October 30 – The Historical American Exposition opens in Madrid.
October 31 – The first collection of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories from The Strand Magazine, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, is published in London.

November

November 2 – The first football club in Bohemia, Slavia Praha is established, originally under name of Akademický cyklistický odbor Slavia, focusing on cycling.
November 8
* 1892 United States presidential election: Grover Cleveland is elected over Benjamin Harrison and James B. Weaver, to win the second of his non-consecutive terms.
* An anarchist bomb kills six in a police station in Avenue de l'Opéra, Paris.
* The four-day New Orleans General Strike begins.
November 17 – French troops occupy Abomey, capital of the kingdom of Dahomey.
November 24 – The Hotel Zinzendorf catches fire in the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina; 45 people die.

December

December 5 – John Thompson becomes Canada's fourth prime minister.
December 17 – First issue of Vogue is published in the United States.
December 18 – The Nutcracker ballet, with music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, is premiered at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
December 22 – The Newcastle East End F.C. is renamed Newcastle United F.C., following the demise of the Newcastle West End F.C. and East End's move to St James' Park, formerly West End's home, in the north east of England.

Date unknown

Diplomat Henry Galway secures a treaty by which Ovonramwen, Oba of Benin, ostensibly accepts British protection for his kingdom.
A cholera outbreak occurs in Hamburg, Germany.
A 50-year-old tortoise called Timothy, previously serving as a naval mascot, is brought to the estate of Powderham Castle in England, where she lives until her death in 2004.
Viruses are first described by Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky.

Births

January

January 1
* Artur Rodziński, Polish conductor
* Manuel Roxas, 5th President of the Philippines
January 3 – J. R. R. Tolkien, English professor and writer
January 12 – Mikhail Kirponos, Soviet general
January 13 – Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, Iranian writer
January 14
* Martin Niemöller, German theologian and prisoner in the Nazi Holocaust
* Hal Roach, American film, television producer
* Franz Dahlem, German politician
January 15
* Rex Ingram, Irish film director
* Hobey Baker, American athlete
* William Beaudine, American film director
January 18 – Oliver Hardy, American comedian, actor
January 19 – Ólafur Thors, Icelandic politician, 5-times prime minister
January 22
* Marcel Dassault, French aircraft industrialist
* Bahruz Kangarli, Azerbaijani artist
January 25 – Takeo Takagi, Japanese admiral
January 26 – Bessie Coleman, American aviator
January 28
*Ernst Lubitsch, German-born film director
*Fyodor Raskolnikov, Soviet revolutionary, writer, journalist, naval commander and diplomat
January 31 – Eddie Cantor, American actor, singer

February

February 3 – Juan Negrín, Spanish physician, politician and 67th Prime Minister of Spain
February 5 – William Bostock, Australian senior army commander
February 6 – William P. Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
February 9 – Peggy Wood, American actress
February 10 – Alan Hale Sr., American actor
February 13 – Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials
February 14 – Radola Gajda, Czech commander and politician
February 15 – James Forrestal, first United States Secretary of Defense
February 18 – Wendell Willkie, U.S. Republican presidential candidate
February 21 – Harry Stack Sullivan, American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst
February 22
* Edna St. Vincent Millay, American writer
* David Dubinsky, Belarusian-American labor leader and politician
February 23 – Kathleen Harrison, English actress
February 27 – William Demarest, American actor
February 29
* Augusta Savage, American sculptor
* Dietrich von Jagow, German naval officer, politician, SA-Obergruppenführer and diplomat

March

March 1
* Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer
* Mercedes de Acosta, American poet, playwright, costume designer, and socialite
March 3 – R. V. C. Bodley, British army officer, author and journalist
March 8 – Mississippi John Hurt, American country blues singer, guitarist
March 9
* David Garnett, English novelist and writer
* Mátyás Rákosi, 43rd prime minister of Hungary
* Vita Sackville-West, English writer and gardener
March 10
* Arthur Honegger, French-born Swiss composer
* Gregory La Cava, American director, producer and writer
* Eva Turner, English operatic soprano
March 14 – John Fulton Folinsbee, American painter
March 15 – Charles Nungesser, French aviator, World War I fighter ace
March 16
* César Vallejo, Peruvian poet
* Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Indian Islamic scholar and philosopher
* Gregory Kelly, American actor
March 17
* Sayed Darwish, Egyptian singer and composer
* LeRoy P. Hunt, United States Marine Corps general
March 21 – Robert S. Beightler, American major general
March 25 – Andy Clyde, Scottish-born screen actor
March 27 – Ferde Grofé, American pianist, composer
March 28
* Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate
* Tom Maguire, Irish republican
March 30
* Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician
* Erhard Milch, German field marshal, Luftwaffe officer
* Sanzō Nosaka, Japanese Communist Party chairman and leader of JPEL
March 31 – Stanisław Maczek, Polish general

April

April 6
* Donald Wills Douglas Sr., American industrialist
* Lowell Thomas, American journalist
April 7 – Julius Hirsch, German footballer
April 8 – Mary Pickford, Canadian actress, studio founder
April 10 – Victor de Sabata, Italian conductor and composer
April 11 – Marguerite Gautier-van Berchem, Swiss archaeologist and art historian
April 12
* Johnny Dodds, American jazz clarinettist
* Henry Darger, American outsider artist and writer
April 13
* Sir Arthur Harris, British World War II Royal Air Force commander
* Sir Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish inventor of radar
April 14 – V. Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist
April 16
* Dora Richter, German transgender woman and the first known person to undergo complete male-to-female gender-affirming surgery
* George Chaney, American boxer
April 18
* Bolesław Bierut, Polish activist and politician
* Jack Critchley, Australian politician
April 19 – Germaine Tailleferre, French composer
April 20 – Caresse Crosby, American inventor of the modern bra and socialite
April 24 – Louise Lincoln Kerr, American musician, composer, and philanthropist
April 26 – Richard L. Conolly, American admiral
April 27 – Raizō Tanaka, Japanese admiral
April 28 – Joseph Dunninger, American mentalist

May

May 2 – Manfred von Richthofen, German World War I fighter pilot
May 3
* George Paget Thomson, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
* Jacob Viner, Canadian economist
May 5 – Dorothy Garrod, English archaeologist
May 7
* Archibald MacLeish, American poet
* Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia
May 8 – Andrés Córdova, President of Ecuador
May 9
* Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria-Hungary
* Ștefan Foriș, Hungarian-Romanian journalist and politician
May 11 – Margaret Rutherford, English actress
May 12
* Fritz Kortner, Austrian-born director
* Jimmy Wilde, Welsh professional boxer
May 15 – Shigeyoshi Miwa, Japanese admiral
May 16 – Manton S. Eddy, American general
May 18 – Ezio Pinza, Italian bass
May 20 – Harry J. Anslinger, first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics
May 23 – Pichichi, Spanish footballer
May 26 – Maxwell Bodenheim, American poet and novelist
May 28 – Sepp Dietrich, German Nazi politician, general and war criminal
May 29 – Leslie Cubitt Bevis, British sculptor and teacher
May 30 – Fernando Amorsolo, Filipino painter
May 31 – Gregor Strasser, German Nazi politician

June

June 1 – Amānullāh Khān, ruler of Afghanistan
June 8 – Nikolai Polikarpov, Soviet aeronautical engineer, aircraft designer
June 12 – Djuna Barnes, American artist, illustrator, journalist, and writer
June 13
* Basil Rathbone, British actor
* Manuel Nieto, Filipino footballer, businessman, politician, and military official
June 16 – Daisy Burrell, British actress
June 21
* Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologian
* Hilding Rosenberg, Swedish composer
June 22 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal
June 23 – Mieczysław Horszowski, Polish pianist
June 25
* Katherine Kennicott Davis, American composer
* Shirō Ishii, Japanese microbiologist, lieutenant general of Unit 731
* Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy, Tuvan politician and statesman
June 26 – Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate
June 28
* Clifford Campbell, Jamaican educator, politician
* E. H. Carr, English historian, diplomat, journalist and international relations theorist
June 30 – Oswald Pohl, German S.S. officer

July

July 1 – James M. Cain, American author and journalist
July 2
* Daniel Mercier, French footballer and soldier
* Sweet Evening Breeze, African American drag queen
July 4 – A. G. Gaston, American businessman
July 6
* Willy Coppens, Belgian World War I flying ace
* John Simpson Kirkpatrick, Australian soldier
July 8
* Richard Aldington, English poet
* Dean O'Banion, American gangster
* Lester C. Hunt, American politician
July 9 – Cromwell Dixon, American pioneer aviator
July 11
*Trafford Leigh-Mallory, British aviator and Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal
*Thomas Mitchell, American actor
July 12 – Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter
July 15
* Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and cultural critic
* Milena Rudnytska, Ukrainian educator, women's activist, politician and writer
* Henry Johnson, African-American Army soldier
July 16 – Michel Coiffard, French World War I fighter ace
July 21 – Lenore Ulric, American actress
July 22 – Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi politician
July 23 – Haile Selassie I, Ethiopian emperor
July 24 – Alice Ball, African American chemist
July 29 – William Powell, American actor
July 31 – Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist and founder of the Worldwide Church of God

August

August 2 – Jack L. Warner, Canadian film producer
August 6 – Hoot Gibson, American actor, film director
August 11
*Władysław Anders, Polish general, politician
*Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet
August 12 – Alfred Lunt, American actor, stage director
August 14 – Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English composer and pianist
August 15
* Louis de Broglie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
* Walther Nehring, German general
August 17 – Tamon Yamaguchi, Japanese admiral
August 20 – George Aiken, American politician and horticulturist
August 21 – Charles Vanel, French actor and director
August 22 – Percy Fender, English cricketer
August 25 – Gabriel Guérin, French World War I fighter ace
August 26 – Elizebeth Smith Friedman, American cryptographer
August 27 – Helen Gibson, American actress and performer
August 29 – Kwan Sung-sing, Chinese construction engineer, architect, and entrepreneur

September

September 1 – Harold Lamb, American writer, novelist, and historian
September 4 – Darius Milhaud, French composer
September 5 – Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist
September 6 – Edward Victor Appleton, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
September 9 – Tsuru Aoki, Japanese American actress
September 10 – Arthur Compton, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
September 11 – Pinto Colvig, American vaudeville actor, radio actor, newspaper cartoonist, prolific movie voice actor and circus performer
September 12 – Alfred A. Knopf Sr., American publisher
September 13 – Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia, Duchess of Brunswick
September 20 – Patricia Collinge, Irish-American actress
September 24
* Julia Faye, American actress
* Adélard Godbout, Canadian agronomist and politician

October

October 2 – Ilie Crețulescu, Romanian general
October 4
* Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian statesman, chancellor
* Luis Trenker, South Tyrolean film producer, director, writer, actor, architect and alpinist
October 7 – Louis C. Fraina, founder of the Communist Party USA
October 8 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet
October 9 – Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
October 14 – Andrei Yeremenko, Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union
October 16 – Kiyonao Ichiki, Imperial Japanese Army officer
October 17
* R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, Indian jurist, economist
* Theodor Eicke, German Nazi and Waffen-SS general
* Herbert Howells, English composer, organist, and teacher
October 20 – Oliver Goonetilleke, Sri Lankan statesman
October 23 – Gummo Marx, American actor, comedian
October 25 – Nell Shipman, Canadian actress, writer, and director
October 27
* Graciliano Ramos, Brazilian writer
* Charles Ledoux, French wrestler
October 29 – Stanisław Ostrowski, President of Poland
October 30 – Charles Atlas, Italian-American strongman, sideshow performer
October 31 – Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess champion

November

November 2 – Alice Brady, American actress
November 3 – Maria Antonescu, Romanian socialite and philanthropist
November 5 – J. B. S. Haldane, British geneticist
November 9 – Erich Auerbach, German philologist
November 12 – Guo Moruo, Chinese author, poet
November 16
*Richard Hale, American singer, actor
*Tazio Nuvolari, Italian racing driver
November 20
*James Collip, Canadian biochemist
November 22 – Emma Tillman, American supercentenarian, briefly the world's oldest living person and last surviving person born in 1892
November 25 – Arthur Blackburn, Australian soldier, lawyer, and politician

December

December 4
* Francisco Franco, Spanish dictator
* Liu Bocheng, Chinese military officer and Marshal
December 5 – Cyril Ring, American film actor
December 6 – Osbert Sitwell, English writer
December 7 – Max Ehrlich, German actor, screenwriter and humor writer
December 8 – Bert Hinkler, Australian aviator
December 11 – Arnold Majewski, Finnish military hero of Polish descent
December 12
*Edward Almond, American general
*Herman Potočnik, Slovenian rocket engineer
*Minnie Evans, African-American artist
December 15 – J. Paul Getty, American industrialist
December 17 – Sam Barry, American collegiate coach
December 21
* Rebecca West, English author, journalist, literary critic and travel writer
* Walter Hagen, American professional golfer
December 24
* Ruth Chatterton, American actress, novelist and aviator
* Banarsidas Chaturvedi, Indian writer
December 26 – Don Barclay, American actor
December 29 – Emory Parnell, American actor
December 31 – Stanley Price, American film, television actor

Date unknown

Ahmad Daouk, two-time prime minister of Lebanon
Abdallah Khalil, third Prime Minister of Sudan
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, Former Prime Minister of Iraq

Deaths

January–June

January 2 – Sir George Biddell Airy, English astronomer royal
January 7 – Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt and the Sudan
January 7 – Maria Cederschiold, Swedish deaconess
January 8 – Christopher Raymond Perry Rodgers, American admiral
January 12 – William Reeves, Irish antiquarian
January 14 – Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, second in line for the throne of the United Kingdom
January 21 – John Couch Adams, English astronomer
January 31 – Charles Spurgeon, English preacher
February 2 – Darinka Petrovic, princess consort of Montenegro
February 5 – Emilie Flygare-Carlén, Swedish novelist
February 7 – Andrew Bryson, American admiral
February 25 – Charlotte Norberg, Swedish ballerina
February 27 – Louis Vuitton, French fashion designer
March 5 – Edmond Jurien de La Gravière, French admiral, naval historian and biographer
March 13 – Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
March 16 – Samuel F. Miller, American politician
March 26 – Walt Whitman, American poet
March 28 – Emily Lucas Blackall, American author and philanthropist
April 4 – José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica
April 12 – Ogarita Booth Henderson, American stage actress, daughter of John Wilkes Booth
April 17 – Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada
April 19 – Fr. Thomas Pelham Dale SSC, Anglo-Catholic clergyman prosecuted for Ritualist practices in the 1870s
April 21 – Emelie Tracy Y. Swett, American author
April 22 – Édouard Lalo, French composer
April 25 – William Backhouse Astor Jr., American businessman
April 26 – Sir Provo William Parry Wallis, British admiral, naval hero
May 5 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist
May 8 – Gábor Baross, Hungarian statesman
May 22 – Alexander Campbell, Canadian politician
May 29 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith
May 30 – Mary H. Gray Clarke, American correspondent
June 8
* Dimitrie Brătianu, 15th prime minister of Romania
* Robert Ford, American assassin of Jesse James
June 9
* William Grant Stairs, Canadian explorer
* Yoshitoshi, Japanese artist
June 28 – Sir Harry Atkinson, 10th Premier of New Zealand

July–December

July 11 – Ravachol, French illegalist anarchist
July 17 – Carlo Cafiero, Italian anarchist and leader of the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association
July 18 – Rose Terry Cooke, American author
July 30 – Count Joseph Alexander Hübner, Austrian diplomat
August 4 – Ernestine Rose, Polish-born feminist
August 13 – Charles Lafontaine, Swiss mesmerist
August 23 – Deodoro da Fonseca, 1st president of Brazil
September 6 – Betty Bentley Beaumont, British merchant
September 7 – John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet, abolitionist
September 8 – Louisa Jane Hall, American literary critic
September 11 – Clarissa Caldwell Lathrop, American social reformer
September 12 – John Cummings Howell, United States Navy admiral
October 2 – Ernest Renan, French philosopher, philologist, historian and writer
October 5 – Bob Dalton, American Wild Western outlaw
October 6
* Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet laureate
* Jean-Antoine Villemin, French physician
October 23
* Abdyl Frashëri, Albanian politician
* Emin Pasha, Ottoman-German doctor, Governor of Equatoria
October 24 – Mir-Fatah-Agha, Persian Shiite cleric
October 25 – Caroline Harrison, First Lady of the United States
November 15 – Thomas Neill Cream, Scottish-Canadian serial killer
December – Eudora Stone Bumstead, American poet
December 1 – Mary Allen West, American superintendent of schools
December 2 – Jay Gould, American financier
December 6 – Werner von Siemens, German inventor, industrialist
December 11 – Nancy Edberg, Swedish pioneer of women's swimming
December 14 – Sir Adams Archibald, Canadian lawyer and politician
December 18
* John M. Lloyd, American bricklayer and police officer
* Sir Richard Owen, English paleontologist