January 2 Events AD 69 - The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba . They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. 366 - The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire . 533 - Mercurius becomes Pope John II , the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy . 1492 - Reconquista: The Emirate of Granada , the last Moorish stronghold in Spain , surrenders. 1680 - Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya. a month after the rebel leader was captured by the Dutch East India Company . 1777 - American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey . 1788 - Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . 1791 - Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country , North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War . 1818 - The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president. 1833 - Captain James Onslow, in the Clio , arrives at Port Egmont to reassert British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands . 1865 - Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú , Uruguay . 1900 - American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China. 1920 - The second Palmer Raid , ordered by the US Department of Justice , results in 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists being arrested and held without trial. 1941 - World War II: German bombing severely damages the Llandaff Cathedral in Cardiff , Wales, United Kingdom. 1942 - The Federal Bureau of Investigation obtains the conviction of 33 members of a German spy ring headed by Fritz Joubert Duquesne in the largest espionage case in United States history—the Duquesne Spy Ring . 1942 - World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces, enabling them to control the Philippines . 1949 - Luis Muñoz Marín is inaugurated as the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico . 1954 - India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan . 1955 - Following the assassination of the Panamanian president José Antonio Remón Cantera , his deputy, José Ramón Guizado , takes power, but is quickly deposed after his involvement in Cantera's death is discovered. 1959 - Luna 1 , the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun , is launched by the Soviet Union . 1963 - Vietnam War: The Viet Cong wins its first major victory, at the Battle of Ap Bac . 1967 - Ronald Reagan , past movie actor and future President of the United States , is sworn in as Governor of California . 1971 - The second Ibrox disaster kills 66 fans at a Rangers-Celtic association football match. 1974 - United States President Richard Nixon signs a bill lowering the maximum U.S. speed limit to 55 MPH in order to conserve gasoline during an OPEC embargo. 1975 - At the opening of a new railway line, a bomb blast at Samastipur , Bihar , India, fatally wounds Lalit Narayan Mishra , Minister of Railways . 1975 - The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress . 1976 - The Gale of January 1976 begins, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts, affecting countries from Ireland to Yugoslavia and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage. 1978 - On the orders of the President of Pakistan , Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in Multan , Pakistan ; it is known as 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills . 1981 - One of the largest investigations by a British police force ends when serial killer Peter Sutcliffe , the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in Sheffield , South Yorkshire . 1991 - Sharon Pratt Kelly becomes the first African American woman mayor of a major city and first woman Mayor of the District of Columbia . 1993 - Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lanka Navy kill 35–100 civilians on the Jaffna Lagoon . 2004 - Stardust successfully flies past Comet Wild 2 , collecting samples that are returned to Earth .Births 869 - Yōzei , Japanese emperor 1462 - Piero di Cosimo , Italian painter 1509 - Henry of Stolberg , German nobleman 1642 - Mehmed IV , Ottoman sultan 1647 - Nathaniel Bacon , English-American rebel leader 1699 - Osman III , Ottoman sultan 1713 - Marie Dumesnil , French actress 1727 - James Wolfe , English general 1732 - František Brixi , Czech organist and composer 1777 - Christian Daniel Rauch , German sculptor and educator 1803 - Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja , Italian mathematician and academic 1822 - Rudolf Clausius , Polish-German physicist and mathematician 1827 - Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky , Russian geographer and statistician 1833 - Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician 1836 - Mendele Mocher Sforim , Russian author 1836 - Queen Emma of Hawaii 1837 - Mily Balakirev , Russian pianist and composer 1857 - M. Carey Thomas, American educator and activist 1860 - Dugald Campbell Patterson , Canadian engineer 1860 - William Corless Mills , American historian and curator 1866 - Gilbert Murray , Australian-English playwright and scholar 1870 - Ernst Barlach , German sculptor and playwright 1870 - Tex Rickard , American boxing promoter and businessman 1873 - Antonie Pannekoek , Dutch astronomer and theorist 1873 - Thérèse of Lisieux , French nun and saint 1878 - Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai , Indian activist, founded the Nair Service Society 1884 - Ben-Zion Dinur , Russian-Israeli historian and politician, 4th Israeli Minister of Education 1885 - Gordon Flowerdew , Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient 1886 - Apsley Cherry-Garrard , English explorer and author 1889 - Bertram Stevens , Australian accountant and politician, 25th Premier of New South Wales 1891 - Giovanni Michelucci , Italian architect and urban planner, designed the Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station 1892 - Seiichiro Kashio , Japanese tennis player 1892 - Artur Rodziński , Polish-American conductor 1895 - Folke Bernadotte , Swedish diplomat 1896 - Dziga Vertov , Polish-Russian director and screenwriter 1896 - Lawrence Wackett , Australian commander and engineer 1897 - Theodore Plucknett , English legal historian 1900 - Una Ledingham , British physician, known for research on diabetes in pregnancy 1901 - Bob Marshall , American activist, co-founded The Wilderness Society 1902 - Dan Keating , Irish Republican Army volunteer 1903 - Kane Tanaka , Japanese supercentenarian, oldest verified living person 1904 - Walter Heitler , German physicist and chemist 1905 - Luigi Zampa , Italian director and screenwriter 1905 - Michael Tippett , English composer and conductor 1909 - Barry Goldwater , American politician, businessman, and author 1909 - Riccardo Cassin , Italian mountaineer and author 1913 - Anna Lee , English-American actress 1913 - Juanita Jackson Mitchell , American lawyer and activist 1917 - Vera Zorina , German-Norwegian actress and dancer 1918 - Willi Graf , German physician and activist 1919 - Beatrice Hicks , American engineer 1920 - Isaac Asimov , American writer and professor of biochemistry 1921 - Glen Harmon , Canadian ice hockey player 1926 - Gino Marchetti , American football player 1928 - Dan Rostenkowski , American politician 1929 - Tellervo Koivisto , Finnish politician, former First Lady of Finland 1931 - Toshiki Kaifu , Japanese lawyer and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Japan 1934 - John Hollowbread , English footballer, goalkeeper 1936 - Roger Miller , American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor 1938 - David Bailey , English photographer and painter 1938 - Lynn Conway , American computer scientist and electrical engineer 1938 - Robert Smithson , American sculptor and photographer 1940 - Jim Bakker , American televangelist 1940 - Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud , Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1942 - Dennis Hastert , American educator and politician, 59th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives 1942 - Thomas Hammarberg , Swedish lawyer and diplomat 1943 - Janet Akyüz Mattei , Turkish-American astronomer 1944 - Charlie Davis , Trinidadian cricketer 1944 - Norodom Ranariddh , Cambodian field marshal and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia 1944 - Péter Eötvös , Hungarian composer and conductor 1947 - Calvin Hill , American football player 1947 - David Shapiro , American poet, historian, and critic 1947 - Jack Hanna , American zoologist and author 1949 - Christopher Durang , American playwright and screenwriter 1949 - Iris Marion Young , American political scientist and academic 1952 - Indulis Emsis , Latvian biologist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Latvia 1954 - Henry Bonilla , American broadcaster and politician 1954 - Évelyne Trouillot , Haitian playwright and author 1959 - Kirti Azad , Indian cricketer and politician 1961 - Craig James , American football player and sportscaster 1961 - Gabrielle Carteris , American actress 1961 - Paula Hamilton , English model 1961 - Robert Wexler , American lawyer and politician 1963 - David Cone , American baseball player and sportscaster 1963 - Edgar Martínez , American baseball player 1964 - Pernell Whitaker , American boxer 1965 - Francois Pienaar , South African rugby player 1967 - Jón Gnarr , Icelandic actor and politician; 20th Mayor of Reykjavik City 1967 - Tia Carrere , American actress 1968 - Anky van Grunsven , Dutch dressage champion 1968 - Cuba Gooding, Jr ., American actor and producer 1969 - Christy Turlington , American model 1969 - István Bagyula , Hungarian pole vaulter 1969 - William Fox-Pitt , English horse rider and journalist 1970 - Eric Whitacre , American composer and conductor 1971 - Renée Elise Goldsberry , American actress 1971 - Taye Diggs , American actor and singer 1972 - Mattias Norström , Swedish ice hockey player and manager 1972 - Rodney MacDonald , Canadian educator and politician, 26th Premier of Nova Scotia 1972 - Shiraz Minwalla , Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist 1974 - Ludmila Formanová , Czech runner 1974 - Tomáš Řepka , Czech footballer 1975 - Reuben Thorne , New Zealand rugby player 1977 - Brian Boucher , American ice hockey player and sportscaster 1977 - Stefan Koubek , Austrian tennis player 1979 - Jonathan Greening English footballer 1981 - Maxi Rodríguez , Argentinian footballer 1983 - Kate Bosworth , American actress 1987 - Robert Milsom , English footballer 1988 - Damien Tussac , French-German rugby player 1992 - Korbin Sims , Australian-Fijian rugby league player 1992 - Paulo Gazzaniga , Argentinian footballer, goalkeeper 1998 - Timothy Fosu-Mensah , Dutch footballerDeaths 951 - Liu Chengyou , Emperor Yin of the Later Han 951 - Su Fengji , Chinese official and chancellor 1096 - William de St-Calais , Bishop of Durham and chief counsellor of William II of England 1169 - Bertrand de Blanchefort , sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar 1184 - Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria , daughter of Andronikos Komnenos 1298 - Lodomer , Hungarian prelate, Archbishop of Esztergom 1470 - Heinrich Reuß von Plauen , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order 1512 - Svante Nilsson , Sweden politician 1514 - William Smyth , English bishop and academic 1543 - Francesco Canova da Milano , Italian composer 1557 - Pontormo , Italian painter and educator 1613 - Salima Sultan Begum , Empress of the Mughal Empire 1614 - Luisa Carvajal y Mendoza , Spanish mystical poet and Catholic martyr 1726 - Domenico Zipoli , Italian organist and composer 1763 - John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville , English statesman 1850 - Manuel de la Peña y Peña , Mexican lawyer and 20th President 1861 - Frederick William IV of Prussia 1892 - George Biddell Airy , English mathematician and astronomer 1904 - James Longstreet , American general and diplomat 1913 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort , French meteorologist 1915 - Karl Goldmark , Hungarian violinist and composer 1917 - Léon Flameng , French cyclist 1920 - Paul Adam , French author 1924 - Sabine Baring-Gould , English author and scholar 1939 - Roman Dmowski , Polish politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs 1941 - Mischa Levitzki , Russian-American pianist and composer 1946 - Joe Darling , Australian cricketer and politician 1950 - James Dooley , Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of New South Wales 1951 - William Campion , English colonel and politician, 21st Governor of Western Australia 1953 - Guccio Gucci , Italian businessman and fashion designer, founder of Gucci 1960 - Paul Sauvé , Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Quebec 1963 - Dick Powell , American actor, singer, and director 1963 - Jack Carson , Canadian-American actor 1974 - Tex Ritter , American actor 1975 - Siraj Sikder , Bangladesh revolutionary leader 1977 - Erroll Garner , American pianist and composer 1986 - Una Merkel , American actress 1987 - Harekrushna Mahatab , Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha 1989 - Safdar Hashmi , Indian actor, director, and playwright 1990 - Alan Hale Jr., American film and television actor 1990 - Evangelos Averoff , Greek historian and politician, Greek Minister for National Defence 1994 - Dixy Lee Ray , American biologist and politician; 17th Governor of Washington 1994 - Pierre-Paul Schweitzer , French lawyer and businessman 1995 - Nancy Kelly , American actress 1995 - Siad Barre , Somalian general and politician; 3rd President of Somalia 1999 - Rolf Liebermann , Swiss-French composer and manager 1999 - Sebastian Haffner , German journalist and author 2000 - Elmo Zumwalt , American admiral 2000 - Patrick O'Brian , English author and translator 2001 - William P. Rogers, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 55th United States Secretary of State 2005 - Maclyn McCarty , American geneticist and physician 2006 - Cecilia Muñoz-Palma , Filipino lawyer and jurist 2006 - Osa Massen , Danish-American actress 2007 - A. Richard Newton, Australian-American engineer and academic 2007 - Elizabeth Fox-Genovese , American historian and author 2007 - Teddy Kollek , Hungarian-Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem 2008 - George MacDonald Fraser , Scottish journalist and author 2008 - Lee S. Dreyfus, American sailor, academic, and politician, 40th Governor of Wisconsin 2009 - Inger Christensen , Danish poet and author 2009 - Dnyaneshwar Agashe , Indian businessman and cricketer 2010 - David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author 2011 - Anne Francis , American actress 2011 - Bali Ram Bhagat , Indian politician; 16th Governor of Rajasthan 2011 - Pete Postlethwaite , English actor 2012 - Gordon Hirabayashi , American-Canadian sociologist and academic 2012 - Silvana Gallardo , American actress and producer 2012 - William P. Carey, American businessman and philanthropist, founded W. P. Carey 2013 - Gerda Lerner , Austrian-American historian, author, and academic 2013 - Teresa Torańska , Polish journalist and author 2014 - Bernard Glasser , American director and producer 2014 - Elizabeth Jane Howard , English author and screenwriter 2015 - Tihomir Novakov , Serbian-American physicist and academic 2016 - Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan , Indian lawyer and politician 2016 - Frances Cress Welsing , American psychiatrist and author 2016 - Nimr al-Nimr , Saudi Arabian religious leader 2016 - Gisela Mota Ocampo , mayor of Temixco , Morelos, Mexico, assassinated 2017 - Jean Vuarnet , French ski racer 2017 - John Berger , English art critic, novelist and painter 2018 - Guida Maria , Portuguese actress 2018 - Thomas S. Monson, American religious leader, 16th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2019 - Daryl Dragon , American musician 2019 - Bob Einstein , American actor and comedian 2019 - Gene Okerlund , American wrestling announcerHolidays and observances Ancestry Day Berchtold's Day Carnival Day Christian feast day: *Basil the Great *Defendens of Thebes *Earliest day on which the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus is observed, while January 5 is the latest; celebrated on Sunday between January 2 and 5. *Gregory of Nazianzus *Johann Konrad Wilhelm Löhe *Macarius of Alexandria *Seraphim of Sarov *Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah *January 2 Nyinlong The first day of Blacks and Whites' Carnival , celebrated until January 7. The first day of the Carnival of Riosucio , celebrated until January 8 every 2 years. The ninth of the Twelve Days of Christmas The second day of New Year : *New Year Holiday, if it is a Sunday, the day moves to January 3 *Kaapse Klopse Victory of Armed Forces Day
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