1701
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January 18 - The electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia, as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire. It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Berlin is the capital.
- January 28 - Battle of Dartsedo: The Chinese storm the Tibetan border town of Dartsedo.
- February 17 - The 5th Parliament of William III in England assembles. Future British Prime Minister Robert Walpole enters the House of Commons for the first time and soon makes his name as a spokesman for Whig policy.
- April 20th - Mecklenburg-Strelitz is created as a north German duchy.
- June 9 - Safavid troops retreat from Basra, ending a three year occupation.
April–June
- April 21 - In Japan, the young daimyō Asano Naganori is ordered to commit seppuku. A group of 47 samurai of his service begin planning to avenge his death.
- May 23 - Scottish-born Captain William Kidd, having been imprisoned in Boston Gaol and Newgate Prison and convicted by the High Court of Admiralty of piracy and the murder of one of his crew, is hanged at Execution Dock in Wapping. His body suffers gibbeting over the River Thames at Tilbury Point; ballads are already spreading the legend that he has left buried treasure in the Americas.
- June 24 - The Act of Settlement 1701 is passed by the Parliament of England, to exclude the Catholic Stuarts from the British monarchy. Under its terms, King William III, childless, will be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants. If Anne should have no descendants, she will be succeeded by Sophia of Hanover and her descendants.
July–September
- July 9 - The Battle of Carpi, the first skirmish in the War of the Spanish Succession, takes place in Italy when French troops under the command of Nicolas Catinat are attacked by Austrian forces led by Prince Eugene of Savoy.
- July 19 - Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark-Norway and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedish defeat the army of Saxony at the River Dvina.
- July 24 - A French emporium named Fort Ponchartrain is founded along the west side of the Detroit River in North America, and later becomes the site of the city of Detroit.
- August 4 - The Great Peace of Montreal is signed, ending 100 years of war between the Iroquois Confederacy and New France, and its Huron and Algonquian allies. Formerly allied with the English, the treaty assures the Iroquois will be neutral, if France and England ever resume hostilities.
- September 16 - Deposed King James II of England dies in exile, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France. His supporters, the Jacobites, turn to his son James Francis Edward Stuart, whom they recognise as James VIII and III. Louis XIV of France, the Papal States and Spain also recognise him as the rightful heir.
October–December
- October 9 - The Collegiate School of Connecticut is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
- November 2 - King Philip V of Spain marries for the first time, to 13-year-old Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy, who serves as Queen Consort until her death from tuberculosis at the age of 25.
- November 11 - The House of Commons of England is dissolved by King William III and new elections are called for all 531 seats.
- December 29 - The Battle of Erastfer takes place near what becomes Erastvere in Estonia, as a large Russian force commanded by Boris Sheremetev invades Swedish Livonia and overwhelms a smaller force led by Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach in the first significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War.
Date unknown
- English agriculturalist Jethro Tull invents a drill for planting seeds in rows.
- The Philharmonic Society is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Births
January–March
- January 4 - Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen, Imperial Field Marshal
- January 6 - Georg Ludwig von Bar, German
- January 14 - Thomas Edwards, silversmith active in colonial Boston
- January 17 - William Lubbock, British divine
- January 18 - Johann Jakob Moser, German jurist
- January 23 - Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché, French naval officer who became vice admiral
- January 26 - François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest, French Foreign Minister
- January 27 - Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian
- January 28
- * Thomas Amory, English dissenting tutor and minister and poet from Taunton
- * Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer
- February 1 - Johan Agrell, late German/Swedish baroque composer
- February 7 - Christian Ludwig Gersten, German scientist
- February 8 - Johann Baptist Martinelli, Austrian architect
- February 11 - Carlo Lodi, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period in Bologna
- February 14 - Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian
- February 24 - François-Joseph Hunauld, French anatomist born in Châteaubriant
- February 25 - Thomas Adam, Church of England clergyman and religious writer
- February 28 - Jacek Rybiński, Cistercian and the last abbot of the Oliwa monastery
- March 1 - Johann Jakob Breitinger, Swiss philologist and author
- March 2 - Lewis Morris, Welsh hydrographer
- March 6 - Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais, French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair"
- March 7 - Philip Hawkins, MP
- March 11 - Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown, Irish politician
- March 12 - Johann Friedrich Cotta, German Lutheran theologian
- March 14 - Antonio Alcalde Barriga, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate; member from the Order of Preachers; Bishop of Guadalajara
- March 15 - John Carmichael, 3rd Earl of Hyndford
- March 16 - Daniel Lorenz Salthenius, Swedish theologian
- March 18 - Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist
- March 21 - Jacques Bridaine, French Catholic preacher and missionary
- March 25 - John Goffe, Colonial American soldier
April–June
- April 9 - Giambattista Nolli, Italian architect
- April 25 - John Bristow, English merchant, politician
- April 27
- * Sebastian Redford, English Jesuit
- * Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730
- April 28 - Françoise Basseporte, French painter
- May 14 - William Emerson, English mathematician
- May 18 - Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, English aristocrat, philanthropist and cricket patron
- May 24
- * Jane Scott, Countess of Dalkeith
- * Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff, Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1756 to 1768
- May 26 - Jean-Joseph Rallier des Ourmes, French mathematician
- May 28 - Giuseppe Antonio Pujati, Italian physician
- May 29 - Georg Friedrich Strass, Alsatian jeweler and inventor of the rhinestone
- June 2 - Thomas Townshend, British politician
- June 4
- * Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect
- * Theodoor Verhaegen, sculptor from the Southern Netherlands
- June 9 - Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer, Danish merchant
- June 11 - David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk, son of David Carnegie
- June 17
- * Edward Antill, colonial plantation owner and winemaker
- * Paula de Odivelas
- June 19 - François Rebel, French composer
- June 21 - Otto Magnus von Schwerin, Prussian general in the army of Frederick the Great
- June 22 - Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect
- June 27 - Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist and physicist
July–September
- July 6 - Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist
- July 9 - Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman and Count of Maurepas
- August 4
- * Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar
- * Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter, England
- August 9 - Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, Prussian lieutenant general, general inspector of the artillery
- August 20 - Domenico Luigi Valeri, Italian painter and architect active in Marche
- August 21 - George Bowes, English coal proprietor, Member of Parliament
- September 6 - Johann Georg Dathan
- September 14 - Maurus Xaverius Herbst, German Benedictine abbot
- September 16 - James Cornwallis, Royal Navy officer and politician, second son of Charles Cornwallis
- September 17 - Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France; governor of Trois-Rivières
- September 21 - George Byng, 3rd Viscount Torrington, British Army general
- September 22 - Anna Magdalena Bach, accomplished German singer, second wife of Johann Sebastian Bach
- September 23 - Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne, Norwegian civil servant
- September 28 - Stephen Hansen, Danish industrialist
- September 30 - Enrico Enríquez, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal
October–December
- October 3 - Isaac Norris, merchant and statesman in provincial Pennsylvania
- October 15 - Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint
- October 18 - Charles le Beau, French historical writer
- October 20 - Jean-Baptiste de La Noue, French actor and playwright
- October 22 - Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
- October 24 - Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander
- October 28 - Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines
- October 30 - Anton Gogeisl, German astronomer
- October 31 - William Ellery, Sr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor
- November 3 - Smart Lethieullier, English antiquary
- November 5 or 1702 - Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter
- November 6 - Jean-Baptiste Malter, French dancer and dance master
- November 10 - Johann Joseph Couven, German Baroque architect
- November 21 - John Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Trerice
- November 27 - Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer
- November 28
- * James Burrow, British scholar
- * Daniel Wray, English antiquary and Fellow of the Royal Society
- December 9 - Elisha Freeman, Canadian politician
- December 10 - Ignatius of Laconi
- December 11 - Charles Goore, English merchant and politician
- December 16 - Olof Arenius, Swedish portrait painter
- December 17 - Bernard of Bologna, Italian theologian
- December 21
- * Louis Daniel Arnault de Nobleville, French physician and naturalist
- * Guillaume Taraval, French painter
- * Taylor White, British judge