1980

Events

January

• January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
• January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC.
• January 9 – In Saudi Arabia, 63 Islamist insurgents are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November 1979.
• January 14 – Congress party leader, Indira Gandhi returns to power as the Prime Minister of India.
• January 20 – At least 200 people are killed when the Corralejas Bullring collapses at Sincelejo, Colombia.
• January 21 – The London Gold Fixing hits its highest price ever of $843 per troy ounce.
• January 22 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet scientist and human rights activist, is arrested in Moscow.
• January 26 – Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.
• January 27 – Canadian Caper: Six United States diplomats, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from Tehran, Iran, as they board a flight to Zürich, Switzerland, on Swissair.
• January 31 – Burning of the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala: The Spanish Embassy in Guatemala is invaded and set on fire, killing 36 people. In the United States, it is dubbed "Spain's own Tehran".

  February

• February 2 – Abscam: FBI personnel target members of the Congress of the United States in a sting operation.
• February 2–3 – The New Mexico State Penitentiary riot takes place; 33 inmates are killed and more than 100 inmates injured.
• February 4 – Abolhassan Banisadr is sworn in as the first President of Iran after winning the January 25 presidential election.
• February 13 – The 1980 Winter Olympics open in Lake Placid, New York.
• February 15 – In Vanuatu, followers of John Frum's cargo cult on the island of Tanna declare secession as the nation of Tafea.
• February 16 – A total solar eclipse is seen in North Africa and West Asia. It was the 50th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130.
• February 22 – The US upset the USSR in the Olympics, a hockey game known as the Miracle on Ice. They then proceeded to defeat Finland to secure the first and only gold medal since 1960.
• February 23 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.
• February 25 – A coup in Suriname ousts the government of Henck Arron; leaders Dési Bouterse and Roy Horb replace it with a National Military Council.
• February 27 – M-19 guerrillas begin the Dominican embassy siege in Colombia, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 ambassadors.

  March

• March 1
• * Steven Stayner returned home after being kidnapped for seven years, and brought a 5 year old, Timothy White, who had been kidnapped after Steven, to a police station to save him.
• * The Commonwealth Trade Union Council is established.
• * The Voyager 1 probe confirms the existence of Janus, a moon of Saturn.
• March 3 – Pierre Trudeau returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
• March 4 – Robert Mugabe is elected Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.
• March 8 – The Soviet Union's first rock music festival starts.
• March 14 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, Poland, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
• March 18 – Fifty people are killed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, when a Vostok-2M rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
• March 19–20 – The, the ship housing pirate radio station Radio Caroline, sinks off the English coast.
• March 21 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
• March 26 – A mine lift cage at the Vaal Reefs gold mine in South Africa falls, killing 23 workers.
• March 27 – The Norwegian oil platform Alexander L. Kielland collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212.
• March 28 – The Talpiot Tomb is discovered by construction workers in Jerusalem.

  April

• April 1 – The Southern African Development Coordination Conference is formed in Lusaka, Zambia.
• April 2 – The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.
• April 7 – The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions, following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
• April 10 – In Lisbon, Portugal, the governments of Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain in 1985.
• April 12
• * 1980 Liberian coup d'état: Samuel K. Doe overthrows the government of Liberia in a violent coup d'état, executing President William Tolbert and ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country.
• * Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope, a plan to run across Canada to raise money for cancer research, setting off from St. John's, Newfoundland and running westward.
• April 14 – Iron Maiden's debut self-titled album Iron Maiden is released in the U.K.
• April 18 – Zimbabwe gains de jure independence from the United Kingdom with Robert Mugabe as its first Prime Minister.
• April 24–25 – Operation Eagle Claw, a commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation.
• April 25 – Dan-Air Flight 1008 crashes in Tenerife, killing all 146 occupants; at the time it was the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life.
• April 26 – Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappear from outside their flat in St Kilda, Victoria, Australia.
• April 27 – The Dominican embassy siege in Colombia ends with all remaining hostages released after the guerrillas are allowed to escape to Cuba.
• April 30
• * Iranian Embassy siege: Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, England. SAS retakes the Embassy on May 5; one terrorist survives.
• * Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates and her daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne.

  May

• May 1 – "About that Urban Renaissance...", an article by journalist Dan Rottenberg in Chicago, contains the first recorded use of the word "yuppie".
• May 2 – Referendum on system of government held in Nepal.
• May 4 – Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito dies. The largest state funeral in history is organized, with state delegations from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time.
• May 7 – Paul Geidel, convicted of second-degree murder in 1911, is released from prison in Beacon, New York, after 68 years and 245 days.
• May 8 – Global eradication of smallpox certified by the World Health Organization.
• May 9
• * In Florida, United States, the Liberian freighter Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay. A section of the bridge collapses and 35 people are killed.
• * James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney the Turks and Caicos Islands' first chief minister, is killed in a plane crash over New Jersey.
• May 14 – The Sumpul River massacre occurs in Chalatenango, El Salvador.
• May 17 – Internal conflict in Peru: On the eve of presidential elections, Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path attacks a polling location in the town of Chuschi, Ayacucho.
• May 18 – The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano in Washington kills 57 and causes US$3 billion in damage.
• May 18–27 – Gwangju Uprising: Students in Gwangju, South Korea, begin demonstrations, calling for democratic reforms.
• May 20 – 1980 Quebec referendum: Voters in Quebec reject, by a vote of 60%, a proposal to seek independence from Canada.
• May 22 – Namco's Pac-Man, the highest-earning arcade game of all time, is released in Japan.
• May 24 – The International Court of Justice calls for the release of U.S. Embassy hostages in Tehran.
• May 26
• * John Frum supporters in Vanuatu storm government offices on the island of Tanna. Vanuatu government troops land the next day and drive them away.
• May 28 – A fiery bus crash near the small village of Webb, Saskatchewan, Canada, claims 22 lives.

  June

• June 1 – The first 24-hour news channel, Cable News Network, is launched.
• June 3 – 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes strikes Grand Island, Nebraska, causing over $300m in damage, killing five people and injuring over 250.
• June 10 – Apartheid: The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a statement by their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
• June 23–September 6 – The 1980 United States heat wave claims 1,700 lives.
• June 23
• * Sanjay Gandhi, the politically influential son of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, is killed in a plane crash.
• * Tim Berners-Lee begins work on ENQUIRE, the system that will eventually lead to the creation of the World Wide Web in autumn 1990.
• June 25 – A Muslim Brotherhood assassination attempt against Syrian president Hafez al-Assad fails. Assad retaliates by sending the army against them.
• June 27
• * Itavia Flight 870 crashes into the sea near Ustica island, Italy, killing all 81 people on board. The cause of the accident remains unclear.
• * U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs Proclamation 4771, requiring 18- to 25-year-old males to register for a peacetime military draft, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
• June 29 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland, making her the first woman democratically elected as head of state.

  July

• July 8 – A wave of strikes begins in Lublin, Poland.
• July 9 – Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; seven people are crushed to death in a crowd waiting to see him at afternoon Mass at the stadium in Fortaleza.
• July 16 – Former California Governor and actor Ronald Reagan is nominated for U.S. president, at the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit. Influenced by the Religious Right, the convention also drops its long-standing support for the Equal Rights Amendment, dismaying moderate Republicans.
• July 19 – Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey.
• July 19–August 3 – The 1980 Summer Olympics are held in Moscow, Soviet Union. As 82 countries boycott the Games, athletes from 16 of them participate under a neutral flag.
• July 30
• * Vanuatu gains independence.
• * Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.