1704

January–March

• January 7 - A partial solar eclipse, Solar Saros 146, is visible in Antarctica.
• January 25-26 - Apalachee massacre: English colonists from the Province of Carolina, and their native allies, stage a series of brutal raids against a largely pacific population of Apalachee, in Spanish Florida.
• February 28 - Establishment of the first school open to African-Americans in New York City by Frenchman Elias Neau.
• February 29 - Raid on Deerfield : French Canadians and Native Americans sack Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing over 50 English colonists.
• February - In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated with the Masque de la Mobile in the capital of Louisiana, Mobile, Alabama.
• March 7 - War of the Spanish Succession: Prince Karl of Habsburg, brother of Joseph I, the Holy Roman Emperor and a pretender to the throne of Spain, arrives in Portugal on the English warship HMS Royal Katherine as part of George Rooke's English fleet sailing into Lisbon.
• March 23 - War of the Spanish Succession: The English Navy ships HMS Kent, HMS Bedford and HMS Antelope intercept two newly-built Spanish warships, Porta Coeli and Santa Teresa off of the coast of Cape Spartel, as the Spaniards attempt to sail into the Strait of Gibraltar. The two Spanish ships are captured after a seven-hour battle and taken toward Lisbon, but the Santa Teresa sinks along the way.

  April–June

• April 21 - Battle of Biskupice: The Hungarians win a costly victory over the Danes.
• April 24 - The first regular newspaper in the Thirteen Colonies of British North America, The Boston News-Letter, is published.
• May 19-23 - Vigorous Strombolian activity from Mount Vesuvius, Italy is recorded.
• May 28 - Battle of Smolenice: Kuruc rebels defeat the Austrian army and its allies.
• June 2 - Annular solar eclipse is visible from a region of the Southern Ocean between South Africa and Antarctica.
• June 13 - Battle of Koroncó: Austrians and their allies from Denmark, Prussia, Croatia, Germany and Vojvodina defeat the Kurucs.
• June 17 - Total lunar eclipse takes place, Saros series 125.

  July–September

• July - Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 in England, with eyewitness testimonies, in The Storm.
• July 12 - Great Northern War - King Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland, in place of Augustus II the Strong.
• August 3 - War of the Spanish Succession - Gibraltar is captured from Spain, by English and Dutch forces under Sir George Rooke.
• August 7 - Battle of Orford Ness.
• August 13 - War of the Spanish Succession - Battle of Blenheim: Allied troops under John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeat the Franco-Bavarian army.
• August 24 - War of the Spanish Succession - The French and Anglo-Dutch fleets clash off Málaga, causing heavy casualties on both sides, but without sinking any ships.
• September 8 - War of the Spanish Succession - The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar by French and Spanish troops begins.
• September 12 - War of the Spanish Succession: The siege of the French-held German town of Landau, by Holy Roman Empire troops under the command of Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden begins and lasts for more than ten weeks before the French surrender on November 23. During the siege, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I visits the area in a newly-developed vehicle, a convertible horse-drawn carriage that has a removable roof. The style of vehicle itself is later called a "landau".
• September 28 - Damat Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, is removed from office by Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III, and replaced by Kalaylikoz Ahmed Pasha.

  October–December

• October 24 - A peace treaty is signed between Prince Ferenc Rákóczi of Transylvania, and representatives of the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I at Schemnitz
• October 28 - Great Northern War: The Battle of Poniec takes place as King Charles XII leads Swedish troops in pursuit of the Saxon Army commanded by General Johann von der Schulenburg. The Swedes are forced to retreat despite surrounding the Saxons, and Schulenburg's troops escape.
• November 11 - Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar: A Spanish Bourbon special forces battalion, guided by Simon Susarte, scales the steepest side of the Rock of Gibraltar in an attempt to surprise the British defenders, and kills the English sentries who have been manning the lookout. The attack is foiled the next day when a drummer boy, who was bringing food to the sentries, spots the invaders and raises the alarm.
• November 26 - The inauguration of the newly built Kastelskirken takes place in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• November 27 - Annular solar eclipse is visible through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern China, Myanmar and northern Philippines.
• December 6 - Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army.
• December 25 - The fall of the meteorite of Barcelona is seen and heard over distances up to hundreds of kilometres and is interpreted as a divine sign.

  Date unknown

• Great Northern War: Russian troops under Tsar Peter the Great capture Tartu and Narva.
• The Sultanate of Brunei cedes its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu.
• The lower three counties of the Province of Pennsylvania become the colony of Delaware.
• An earthquake strikes Gondar, Ethiopia.
• Tenerife's earliest recorded volcanic eruption takes place from three fissure emission centres: Siete Fuentes, Fasnia and Arafo.
• A Tale of a Tub, the first major satire by Jonathan Swift, is published in London, running through three editions this year.
• Isaac Newton publishes his Opticks. He also predicts that the world will end in 2060.
• The Students' Monument is built in Aiud, Romania.
• Chinese Rites controversy: Rome decrees that Roman ceremonial practice in Latin is to be the law for Chinese missions.
• Nerchinsky Zavod is founded in the Nerchinsko-Zavodsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia by Greek mining engineers.
• Thomas Darley purchases the bay Arabian horse Darley Arabian in Aleppo, Syria, and ships him to stud in England, where he becomes the most important foundation sire of all modern thoroughbred racing bloodstock.
• Giancomo Miraldi observes Martian polar ice caps as "white spots" at the Martian poles.