National dish
A national dish is a culinary dish that is strongly associated with a particular country. A dish can be considered a national dish for a variety of reasons:
- It is a staple food, made from a selection of locally available foodstuffs that can be prepared in a distinctive way, such as fruits de mer, served along the west coast of France.
- It contains a particular ingredient that is produced locally, such as a paprika grown in the European Pyrenees.
- It is served as a festive culinary tradition that forms part of a cultural heritage—for example, barbecues at summer camp or fondue at dinner parties—or as part of a religious practice, such as Korban Pesach or Iftar celebrations.
- It has been promoted as a national dish, by the country itself, such as the promotion of fondue as a national dish of Switzerland by the Swiss Cheese Union in the 1930s.
Some countries such as Mexico, China or India, because of their diverse ethnic populations, cultures, and cuisines, do not have a single national dish, even unofficially. Furthermore, because national dishes are so interwoven into a nation's sense of identity, strong emotions and conflicts can arise when trying to choose a country's national dish.
By country
This is not a definitive list of national dishes, but rather a list of some foods that have been suggested to be national dishes.A
- Afghanistan: kabuli palaw
- Albania: tavë kosi, flia
- Algeria: couscous, rechta
- Andorra: escudella i carn d'olla
- Angola: moamba de galinha
- Antigua and Barbuda: fungee and pepperpot
- Argentina: asado, empanada, matambre, locro
- Armenia: khorovats, harisa
- Aruba: Keshi yena
- Australia: roast lamb, meat pie, Vegemite on toast
- Austria: Wiener schnitzel
- Azerbaijan: dolma
B
- Bahamas: crack conch with peas and rice
- Bahrain: kabsa
- Bangladesh: rice and fish
- Barbados: cou-cou and salt fish
- Belarus: draniki
- Belgium: frites, carbonade flamande, waterzooi, chocolate mousse, Belgian waffle
- Belize: rice and beans
- Benin: kuli-kuli
- Bhutan: ema datshi
- Bolivia: salteñas
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnian pot, ćevapi, burek
- Botswana: seswaa
- Brazil: feijoada
- Brunei: ambuyat
- Bulgaria: Shopska salad, banitsa
- Burkina Faso: riz gras
- Burundi: boko boko
C
- Cambodia: fish amok, num banhchok, samlar kako
- Cameroon: ndolé
- Canada: poutine, donair, butter tarts, Nanaimo bar, tourtière
- Cape Verde: cachupa
- Central African Republic: cassava
- Chad: boule
- Chile: empanada, pastel de choclo, marraqueta
- China: Peking duck, crayfish, hot pot, dumpling, malaxiangguo, dim sum, kaolengmian, tanghulu
- Colombia: ajiaco, bandeja paisa
- Comoros: Langouste a la vanille
- Democratic Republic of the Congo: poulet à la moambé
- Republic of the Congo: poulet moambé
- Costa Rica: casado, chifrijo, white rice and pico de gallo, gallo pinto, olla de carne.
- Croatia: zagorski štrukli, jota, pašticada
- Cuba: ropa vieja
- Cyprus: souvla, kleftiko, trachanás
- Czech Republic: vepřo knedlo zelo, svíčková, paštika
D
- Denmark: stegt flæsk, smørrebrød, flæskesteg
- * Faroe Islands: Skerpikjøt
- * Greenland: suaasat
- Djibouti: skoudehkaris
- Dominica: mountain chicken, callaloo
- Dominican Republic: La bandera
E
- Ecuador: encebollado, guatitas, fanesca
- Egypt: ful medames, kushari, molokhiya, taʿamiya
- El Salvador: pupusa
- Equatorial Guinea: Succotash
- Eritrea: zigini with injera
- Estonia: kama
- Eswatini: Shisa Nyama
- Ethiopia: doro wat with injera
F
- Fiji: kokoda
- Finland: rye bread, Karelian pie, karjalanpaisti, lohikeitto, joulutorttu
- France: escargot, pot-au-feu, beef bourguignon, blanquette de veau, steak frites, baguette, cassoulet, cheese, crêpe, crème caramel, croissant, poule au pot, chou à la crème
G
- Gabon: poulet nyembwe
- The Gambia: domoda
- Georgia: khachapuri, khinkali
- Germany: schweinshaxe, bratwurst, sauerbraten, döner kebab, currywurst, eisbein with sauerkraut
- Ghana: fufu, jollof rice
- Greece: horiatiki, moussaka, fasolada souvlaki, gyros, magiritsa, kokoretsi
- Grenada: oil down
- Guatemala: pepián
- Guinea: poulet yassa
- Guinea-Bissau: caldo de mancarra
- Guyana: pepperpot and chicken curry
H
- Haiti: griot, soup joumou
- Honduras: baleada
- Hong Kong: pineapple bun, dim sum
- Hungary: goulash
I
- Iceland: lamb, hákarl
- India: Khichdi, Chaat, butter chicken, biryani, Dal, dosa, idli
- Indonesia: nasi goreng, tumpeng, satay, soto, rendang, gado gado
- Iran: abgoosht, chelo kabab, ghormeh sabzi Fesenjan
- Iraq: masgouf, dolma, Iraqi kebab, quzi
- Ireland: soda bread, butter, Irish stew
- Israel: falafel, Israeli salad, meorav Yerushalmi, sabich, Ptitim
- Italy: pasta, pizza, risotto, mozzarella, Parmigiano Reggiano, Italian wine
- Ivory Coast: atcheke
J
- Jamaica: Ackee and saltfish
- Japan: sushi, Japanese curry, ramen, tempura, wagashi, sashimi, miso soup
- Jordan: mansaf
K
- Kazakhstan: beshbarmak
- Kenya: ugali with sukuma wiki, githeri, chapati, nyama choma
- Kiribati: Palusami
- Korea, North: raengmyŏn, kimchi
- Korea, South: kimchi, bulgogi, bibimbap, jajangmyeon, bingsu, tteokbokki
- Kosovo: flia
- Kuwait: Machboos Laham
- Kyrgyzstan: beshbarmak
L
- Laos: larb/laap, sticky rice, tam mak hoong
- Latvia: layered rye bread, sklandrausis, Jāņi cheese, Grey peas
- Lebanon: kibbeh, tabbouleh
- Lesotho: Pap-pap
- Liberia: dumboy
- Libya: Couscous
- Liechtenstein: käsknöpfle
- Lithuania: bigos, cepelinai, šaltibarščiai
- Luxembourg: Judd mat Gaardebounen
M
- Madagascar: romazava
- Malaysia: nasi lemak, satay
- Maldives: mas huni
- Mali: tiguadege na
- Malta: stuffat tal-fenek
- Marshall Islands: Barramundi cod, macadamia nut pie
- Mauritius: dholl puri
- Mexico: taco, mole poblano, chiles en nogada
- Moldova: mămăligă
- Monaco: barbagiuan
- Mongolia: buuz
- Montenegro: njeguški pršut
- Morocco: couscous, tagine
- Myanmar: mohinga, lahpet thoke
N
- Nauru: coconut fish
- Nepal: Gundruk and Dhido
- Netherlands: stamppot, soused herring with onion and pickles
- New Zealand: meat pie, bacon and egg pie, lamb, pavlova
- Nicaragua: gallo pinto, nacatamal, vigorón
- Niger: dambou
- Nigeria: tuwon shinkafa, Jollof rice, pounded yam and egusi soup
- North Macedonia: tavče gravče
- Norway: fårikål
O
- Oman: shuwa
P
- Pakistan: biryani, nihari, chicken karahi, gulab jamun
- Palestine: maqluba, musakhan, falafel
- Panama: sancocho
- Paraguay: Sopa paraguaya
- Peru: ceviche, pollo a la brasa
- Philippines: adobo, sinigang, sisig, pancit, halo-halo, lechon
- Poland: bigos, pierogi, kotlet schabowy,
- Portugal: bacalhau, caldo verde, cozido à portuguesa, Pastel de Belem, Sardinha Assada
Q
- Qatar: machboos
R
- Romania: mămăligă, sarmale, mici
- Russia: beef stroganoff, chicken Kiev, pierogi, borscht, shchi, Kasha, pelmeni, pirozhki, Olivier salad, blini
- Rwanda: ibihaza
S
- San Marino: torta tre monti
- Saudi Arabia: saleeg, kabsa, jareesh, maqshus
- Senegal: thieboudienne
- Serbia: ćevapčići, pljeskavica, gibanica, Karađorđeva steak, sarma, pasulj
- Singapore: chilli crab, Hainanese chicken rice, Hokkien mee
- Slovakia: pirohy, bryndzové halušky
- Slovenia: cremeschnitte, buckwheat dumplings, Idrijski žlikrofi, Carniolan sausage
- Somalia: bariis Iskukaris
- South Africa: bobotie
- Spain: tortilla de patatas
- * Asturias: cachopo
- * Catalonia: pa amb tomaquet
- * Galicia: polbo á feira
- * Madrid: churro
- * Valencia: paella
- Sri Lanka: rice and curry, kottu
- Suriname: pom
- Sweden: köttbullar, kräftskiva, surströmming, pickled herring with potatoes, ostkaka, smörgåstårta and kebab pizza.
- Switzerland: fondue, muesli, raclette, rösti. Other dishes: cervelat, Zürcher geschnetzeltes, cordon bleu
- Syria: kibbeh
T
- Tajikistan: osh palov, qurutob
- Taiwan: beef noodle soup, minced pork rice
- Tanzania: chipsi mayai
- Thailand: pad thai, pad gaprao, tom yum kung, som tam
- Togo: fufu
- Tonga: 'ota 'ika
- Trinidad and Tobago:crab and callaloo, doubles, pelau, bake and shark, Roti
- * Tobago: curry crab and dumplings
- Tunisia: couscous, brik/bric
- Turkey: doner kebab, dürüm, kuru fasulye with pilaf, kebap, baklava, simit, kapuska
- Tuvalu: pulaka
U
- Uganda: matooke
- Ukraine: borscht, varenyky
- United Arab Emirates: harees, shuwa
- United Kingdom: fish and chips chicken tikka masala, potato crisps
- * Cornwall: Cornish pasty
- * Devon: Devonshire cream tea, pasty
- * England: Sunday roast, crumpets, custard, apple pie, pudding
- * Northern Ireland: Ulster fry
- * Scotland: haggis, deep-fried Mars bar
- * Wales: cawl
- United States: apple pie, cheeseburger, hamburger, hot dog, fried chicken, Salisbury steak, turkey, mashed potatoes and gravy
- * American Samoa: palusami
- * Guam: Kelaguen, Spam
- * Hawaii: Saimin
- * Northern Mariana Islands: Kelaguen
- * Puerto Rico: lechon, mofongo, arroz con gandules
- * United States Virgin Islands: funji
- Uruguay: chivito
- Uzbekistan: Uzbek Plov
V
- Vanuatu: laplap
- Vatican City: Fettuccine alla Papalina
- Venezuela: pabellón criollo, arepa