1835
Events
January–March
April–June
July–September
- July 14 – The universal Catholic Apostolic Church is organized, initially in the U.K.
- July 25 – James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland.
- July 28 – An assassination attempt against King Louis Philippe I of France is attempted by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, who uses a home-made volley gun and kills 10 people. The King escapes with a minor wound.
- July – The Bertelsmann company is founded by Carl Bertelsmann as a religious printer and publisher in Prussia.
- August 25 – In the U.S., The New York Sun prints the first of six installments of the Great Moon Hoax.
- August 28 – St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland.
- August 30 – European settlers, landing on the north banks of the Yarra River in Victoria, Australia, found the settlement of Melbourne.
- August – H. Fox Talbot exposes the world's first known photographic negatives, at Lacock Abbey in England.
- September 7 – Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands, aboard.
- September 19 – William Lloyd Garrison publishes Angelina Grimké's anti-slavery letter in The Liberator.
- September 20 – The Ragamuffin War begins in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
October–December
- October 2 – The Texas Revolution – Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
- October 3 – The Staedtler Company is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.
- October 28
- * The United Tribes of New Zealand is founded at Waitangi, with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand.
- * Texas Revolution – Battle of Concepción: The Texian Army defeats the Mexicans.
- November 12 – Construction is completed on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.
- November 16 – Halley's Comet reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the Sun.
- November 27 – Two London men, James Pratt and John Smith, are hanged in front of Newgate Prison in London, after a conviction of buggery. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for homosexual acts in England.
- December 5 – Start of Moriori genocide, the killing and enslavement of the indigenous people of the Chatham Islands by 500 Māori people from New Zealand.
- December 7
- * The Bavarian Ludwig Railway opens between Nuremberg and Fürth, with a train hauled by the English-built Der Adler, the first railway in Germany.
- * Future U.S. President James K. Polk becomes Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
- December 9 – The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
- December 16– The Great Fire of New York begins and lasts until the next day, destroying 530 buildings, including the New York Stock Exchange.
- December 20 – The Texas Declaration of Independence is signed by American residents rebelling against Mexico at Goliad, Texas.
- December 21 – The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad is chartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.
- December 28 — The Second Seminole War, led by Seminole Chief Osceola breaks out in the U.S. state of Florida.
- December 29 – The Treaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government and representatives of the Cherokee Nation.
Date unknown
- The British East India Company negotiates a lease of the Darjeeling area west of the Mahananda River, from the Kingdom of Sikkim.
- The British Geological Survey is founded, as the world's first national geological survey.
- Civil war erupts in Uruguay, between supporters of the Blanco and Colorado parties.
- The Cachar Levy, forerunner of the Assam Rifles, is founded in India.
- The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.
- The French word for their language changes to français, from françois.
- Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears.
- Charles-Louis Havas creates Havas, the first news agency in the world.
- English becomes the official language of India.
- Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes Caudillo of Argentina.
- Edward Strutt Abdy publishes his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834.
- David Strauss begins publication of Das Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet in Tübingen.
- The first Egyptian Museum in Cairo opened.
Births
January–June
- January 14 – Emmy Rappe, Swedish nurse pioneer
- February 13 – Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
- February 15
- *Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president
- *Nguyễn Khuyến, Vietnamese Ruist scholar, poet and teacher
- February 18 – César Cui, Lithuanian composer
- February 22 – Jeannette Walworth, American novelist, journalist
- March 12
- * Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer
- * Sigismondo Savona, Maltese educator and politician
- March 14 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer
- March 15 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer
- March 21 – Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Swedish Sami educator
- March 24 – Josef Stefan, Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet
- April 1 – James Fisk, American entrepreneur
- April 4 – John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist
- April 9 – King Leopold II of Belgium
- May 3 – Alfred Austin, English poet
- May 18 – Charles N. Sims, American Methodist preacher, third chancellor of Syracuse University
- May 21 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician
- June 2 – Pope Pius X
- June 6 – Ștefan Fălcoianu, Romanian general and politician
- June 9 – Ramón Barros Luco, 15th President of Chile
- June 10 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany,
- June 12 – George Atzerodt, conspirator with John Wilkes Booth, assigned to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson
- June 15 – Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress
- June 23 – Fanny Eaton, Jamaican-born artists model and domestic worker
- June 24 – Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist
- June 26 – Thomas W. Knox, American author, journalist
July–December
- July 6 – Sir George White, British field marshal
- July 7 – Ernest Giles, Australian explorer
- July 10 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer
- July 19 – Justo Rufino Barrios, 9th President of Guatemala
- July 27 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 30 – Edmund Francis Dunne, American politician, jurist, and Catholic orator
- July 31 – Henri Brisson, 2-time prime minister of France
- August 2 – Elisha Gray, American inventor, businessman
- August 6 – Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist
- August 19 – Tom Wills, Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football
- August 27 – Thomas Burberry, English businessman, inventor
- September 1 – Raphael Kalinowski, Polish Discalced Carmelite friar, saint
- October 7 – Felix Draeseke, German composer
- October 9 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer
- October 16 – William Rufus Shafter, American general
- October 23 – Adlai Stevenson I, American lawyer and politician, 23rd Vice President of the United States
- October 31 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- November 6 – Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist
- November 17 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, Governor of Ohio
- November 19 – Matilda Carse, Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer
- November 21 – Rose Eytinge, American actress
- November 25
- * Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist, philanthropist
- * Arthur Sewall, American politician, industrialist
- November 29 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China
- November 30 – Mark Twain, American author, humorist
- December 4 – Samuel Butler, English writer
- December 6 – Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, German chemist
- December 17 – Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, American scientist
- December 18 – Lyman Abbott, American clergyman, author
- December 28 – Sir Archibald Geikie, Scottish geologist
Deaths
January–June
- January 1 – Mátyás Godina, Slovene Lutheran pastor, writer, and teacher
- February 8 – Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon
- February 15
- * Nathan Dane, American politician
- * Henry Hunt, British politician
- March 2 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
- March 18 – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish, Prussian statesman, diplomat
- March 28 – Auguste de Beauharnais, Prince consort of Queen Maria II of Portugal
- March 30 – Richard Sharp, English hat-maker, banker, merchant, poet, critic, Member of Parliament, and conversationalist
- April 1 – Józef Zeydlitz, Polish military leader
- April 8 – Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist, philosopher
- April 10 – Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Catholic religious professed, saint
- April 21 – Samuel Slater, American industrialist
- May 8 – Francisca Zubiaga y Bernales, first lady of Peru, controversial socialite
- May 13 – John Nash, English architect
- June 18 – William Cobbett, English journalist, author
- June 24 – Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral
- June 25 – Ebenezer Pemberton, American educator
July–December
- July 6 – John Marshall, influential American Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court
- July 15 – Izabela Czartoryska, Polish magnate princess
- July 28 – Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise, French marshal
- August 18 – Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist
- September 23
- * Georg Adlersparre, Swedish military leader
- * Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer
- November 14 – James Freeman, first American clergyman to call himself a Unitarian
- November 20 – Joseph von Baader, German railway pioneer
- November 29 – Princess Catharina of Württemberg, wife of Jérôme Bonaparte
- December 17 – Pierre Louis Roederer, French politician, economist, and historian
- December 22 – David Hosack, American physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel
Unknown