August 22
Events
Pre-1600
- 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
- 851 - Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland, halting the expansion of West Francia.
- 1138 - Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
- 1153 - Crusader–Fatimid wars: The fortress of Ascalon was surrendered by Fatimid Egypt to an army of crusaders, Templars, and Hospitallers led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.
- 1485 - The Battle of Bosworth Field occurs; King Richard III of England's death in battle marks the end of the reigning Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudors under Henry VII.
- 1559 - Spanish archbishop Bartolomé Carranza is arrested for heresy.
1601–1900
- 1614 - Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
- 1639 - Madras, India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
- 1642 - Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
- 1654 - Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
- 1711 - Britain's Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
- 1717 - Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
- 1770 - James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
- 1777 - British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
- 1780 - James Cook's ship returns to England.
- 1791 - The Haitian slave revolution begins in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.
- 1798 - French troops land at Kilcummin, County Mayo, Ireland to aid the rebellion.
- 1827 - José de La Mar becomes President of Peru.
- 1846 - The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.
- 1849 - Passaleão incident: João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, the governor of Portuguese Macau, is assassinated by a group of Chinese locals, triggering a military confrontation between China and Portugal at the Battle of Passaleão three days after.
- 1851 - The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
- 1864 - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention, establishing the rules of protection of the victims of armed conflicts.
- 1875 - The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
- 1894 - Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal.
1901–present
- 1902 - The Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
- 1902 - Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to make a public appearance in an automobile.
- 1902 - At least 6,000 people are killed by the magnitude 7.7 Kashgar earthquake in the Tien Shan mountains.
- 1922 - Michael Collins, Commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army, is shot dead in an ambush during the Irish Civil War.
- 1934 - Bill Woodfull of Australia becomes the only test cricket captain to twice regain The Ashes.
- 1942 - Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan and Italy.
- 1944 - World War II: Holocaust of Kedros in Crete by German forces.
- 1949 - The Queen Charlotte earthquake is Canada's strongest since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
- 1953 - The penal colony on Devil's Island is permanently closed.
- 1962 - The OAS attempts to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle.
- 1963 - X-15 Flight 91 reaches the highest altitude of the X-15 program.
- 1965 - Juan Marichal, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants, strikes John Roseboro, catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, on the head with a bat, sparking a 14-minute brawl, one of the most violent on-field incidents in sports history.
- 1966 - Labor movements NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, the predecessor of the United Farm Workers.
- 1968 - Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.
- 1971 - J. Edgar Hoover and John Mitchell announce the arrest of 20 of the Camden 28.
- 1972 - Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies.
- 1973 - The Congress of Chile votes in favour of a resolution condemning President Salvador Allende's government and demands that he resign or else be unseated through force and new elections.
- 1978 - Nicaraguan Revolution: The FSLN seizes the National Congress of Nicaragua, along with over a thousand hostages.
- 1978 - The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment is passed by the U.S. Congress, although it is never ratified by a sufficient number of states.
- 1981 - Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. All 110 people on board are killed.
- 1985 - British Airtours Flight 28M suffers an engine fire during takeoff at Manchester Airport. The pilots abort but due to inefficient evacuation procedures 55 people are killed, mostly from smoke inhalation.
- 1989 - Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.
- 1991 - Iceland is the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the Baltic states.
- 1992 - FBI sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.
- 1999 - China Airlines Flight 642 crashes at Hong Kong International Airport, killing three people and injuring 208 more.
- 2003 - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama Roy Moore is suspended after refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a rock inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the lobby of the Alabama Supreme Court building.
- 2004 - Versions of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.
- 2006 - Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.
- 2006 - Grigori Perelman is awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the Poincaré conjecture in mathematics but refuses to accept the medal.
- 2007 - The Texas Rangers defeat the Baltimore Orioles 30–3, the most runs scored by a team in modern Major League Baseball history.
- 2012 - Ethnic clashes over grazing rights for cattle in Kenya's Tana River District result in more than 52 deaths.
Births
Pre-1600
- 1412 - Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
- 1570 - Franz von Dietrichstein, Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal
- 1599 - Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman
1601–1900
- 1601 - Georges de Scudéry, French author, poet, and playwright
- 1624 - Jean Regnault de Segrais, French author and poet
- 1647 - Denis Papin, French physicist and mathematician, developed pressure cooking
- 1679 - Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal
- 1760 - Pope Leo XII
- 1764 - Charles Percier, French architect and interior designer
- 1771 - Henry Maudslay, English engineer
- 1773 - Aimé Bonpland, French botanist and explorer
- 1778 - James Kirke Paulding, American poet, playwright, and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Navy
- 1800 - Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian poet and scholar
- 1818 - Rudolf von Jhering, German jurist
- 1827 - Ezra Butler Eddy, Canadian businessman and politician
- 1834 - Samuel Pierpont Langley, American physicist and astronomer
- 1836 - Archibald Willard, American soldier and painter
- 1844 - George W. De Long, American Naval officer and explorer
- 1845 - William Lewis Douglas, American businessman and politician, 42nd Governor of Massachusetts
- 1847 - John Forrest, Australian politician, 1st Premier of Western Australia
- 1848 - Melville Elijah Stone, American publisher, founded the Chicago Daily News
- 1854 - Milan I of Serbia
- 1857 - Ned Hanlon, American baseball player and manager
- 1860 - Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Polish-German technician and inventor, created the Nipkow disk
- 1860 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist
- 1862 - Claude Debussy, French pianist and composer
- 1867 - Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist
- 1867 - Charles Francis Jenkins, American inventor
- 1868 - Willis R. Whitney, American chemist
- 1873 - Alexander Bogdanov, Russian physician and philosopher
- 1874 - Max Scheler, German philosopher and author
- 1880 - Gorch Fock, German author and poet
- 1880 - George Herriman, American cartoonist
- 1881 - Bede Jarrett, English Dominican priest
- 1881 - James Newland, Australian soldier and policeman
- 1882 - Raymonde de Laroche, French pilot
- 1887 - Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, German Minister of Foreign Affairs
- 1890 - Cecil Kellaway, South African actor
- 1891 - Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer
- 1891 - Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian-Italian sculptor
- 1893 - Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army
- 1893 - Dorothy Parker, American poet, short story writer, critic, and satirist
- 1893 - Ernest H. Volwiler, American chemist
- 1895 - László Almásy, Hungarian captain, pilot, and explorer
- 1895 - Paul Comtois, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
- 1896 - Laurence McKinley Gould, American geologist, educator, and polar explorer
- 1897 - Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer and educator
- 1900 - Lisy Fischer, Swiss-born pianist and child prodigy