1613

January–March

• January 11 - Workers in a sandpit in the Dauphiné region of France discover the skeleton of what is alleged to be a 30-foot tall man.
• January 20 - King James I of England successfully mediates the Treaty of Knäred between Denmark and Sweden.
• February 14 - Elizabeth, daughter of King James I of England, marries Frederick V, Elector Palatine.
• February 24 - King Anaukpetlun of Burma blockades the Portuguese port at Syriam with 80 warships and 3,000 men, then sets about to tunnel into the city.
• March 3 - An assembly of the Russian Empire elects Mikhail Romanov Tsar of Russia, ending the Time of Troubles. The House of Romanov will remain a ruling dynasty until 1917.
• March 27 - The first English child is born in Canada at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland to Nicholas Guy.
• March 29
• *Explorer Samuel de Champlain becomes the first unofficial Governor of New France in Canada.
• *Burmese soldiers, tunneling under the walls of the Portuguese colonial fortress at Syriam, bring down a section of the walls and sack the city. Portuguese Governor Filipe de Brito e Nicote and rebel Burmese General Natshinnaung are captured, and executed by impalement on April 9.

  April–June

• April 13 - Samuel Argall captures Algonquian princess Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia, to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father, Chief Powhatan. She is brought to Henricus as a hostage.
• May 12 - Mikhail Romanov arrives in Moscow to begin his reign as Tsar of Russia, after having been elected on March 3.
• May 14
• *The city of Hanthawaddy is restored as the capital of Burma by King Anaukpetlun, who relocates the government from Ava.
• *The ruler of the principality of Martaban, Binnya Dala, surrenders to the armies of King Anaukpetlun of Burma.
• May 23 - War of the Montferrat Succession: The defenders of the Italian city of Nizza Monferrato successfully resist a nine-day siege by the troops of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy.
• May 27 - After getting an official proclamation that he is the French Governor of New France, explorer Samuel de Champlain begins exploration of the area westward from Quebec, traveling along the Ottawa River.
• June 28 - From Jamestown, John Rolfe makes the first shipment to England of tobacco grown in Virginia, dispatching it on the ship The Elizabeth. The tobacco arrives in England after a voyage of three weeks.
• June 29 - Fire destroys London's famed Globe Theatre, during a performance of Shakespeare's Henry VIII.

  July–September

• July 20 - The first American-grown tobacco, produced in the British colony of Virginia, arrives in England after being dispatched 22 days earlier by John Rolfe.
• July 26 - Diego Marín de Negron, the Spanish Governor of Rio de la Plata y Paraguay, is assassinated by poisoning at his palace in Buenos Aires.C. Antonio Zinny, History of the governors of the Argentine provinces from 1810 to the present p.105
• July 28 - Gregor Richter, the chief pastor of Görlitz, denounces Jacob Boehme as a heretic, in his Sunday sermon.
• August 29 - The Sicilians under de Aragon defeat the trade fleet of the Ottoman Empire, ending the Battle of Cape Corvo.
• September 29 - The New River is opened, to supply London with drinking water from Hertfordshire.

  October–December

• October 21 - Gabriel Bathory, ruler of the Principality of Transylvania, is removed from office by vote of the nobles meeting at Gyulafehérvár. Bathory refuses to vacate the palace at the Transylvanian capital at Várad,, and is murdered on October 27.
• October 23 - Gabriel Bethlen is elected as the new Prince of Transylvania.
• October 28 - Keichō embassy: Hasekura Tsunenaga departs Japan in the Date Maru with a Japanese diplomatic mission to the Holy See, scheduled to first travel to Acapulco in New Spain, with a goal of concluding an agreement between Tokugawa Ieyasu and the East India Company, permitting English merchants to live and trade in Japan.
• November 3 - English royal favourite Robert Carr is created 1st Earl of Somerset.
• November 30 - King Anaukpetlun of Burma sends an army of 4,000 troops to drive the Siamese occupiers from the Tenasserim coast.
• December 26 -
• *The Date Maru, carrying the Japanese diplomatic mission commanded Hasekura Tsunenaga, reaches North America, sighting Cape Mendocino on the California coast.
• *The Earl of Somerset marries Frances Howard, following the September 25 annulment of her marriage to Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex; the event is the inspiration for John Donne's Eclogue.
• December 26 - The Burmese Army defeats the Siamese Army at Tavoy. The city is now part of Myanmar as Dawei.
• December 27 - Mateo Leal de Ayala becomes the new Governor of Rio de la Plata y Paraguay, covering what will become the nations of Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. He succeeds Diego Marín de Negron, who was poisoned on July 26.

  Date unknown

• A locust swarm destroys La Camarque, France.
• Kuwait City is founded.
• Sultan Agung of Mataram takes the throne of the kingdom of Mataram in Java.
• Near Jamestown, Virginia, Sir Thomas Dale starts a settlement called Bermuda City, which later becomes part of Hopewell, Virginia.