1619
Events
January– March
- January 12 - James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. Inigo Jones is commissioned to design a replacement.
- February 14 - Earthquake flattens the town of Trujillo, Peru, killing hundreds in the town and causing landslides in the surrounding countryside killing hundreds more.
- March 20 - Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor dies, leaving the Holy Roman Empire without an official leader, to deal with the Bohemian Revolt.
April–June
- April 18 - Battle of Sarhu: Manchu leader Nurhaci is victorious over the Ming forces.
- May 8 - The Synod of Dort has its final meeting.
- May 13
- * Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague, after having been convicted of treason.
- * Anne of Denmark, queen consort of England, is buried at Westminster Abbey.
- May 30 - Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, conquers Jayakarta, and renames it Batavia.
- June 10 - Thirty Years' War - Battle of Sablat: Protestant forces are defeated.
- June 21 - Dulwich College founded by Edward Alleyn, in Dulwich, London.
July–September
- July 30 - In Jamestown, Virginia, the first English-speaking representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly, convenes for the first time.
- August 5 - Thirty Years' War: Battle of Věstonice - Bohemian forces defeat the Austrians.
- August 10 - The Treaty of Angoulême ends the French civil war between Louis XIII and his mother, Marie de' Medici.
- August 20 - A group of "twenty and odd" enslaved Africans, onboard the privateer ship White Lion, are landed at Point Comfort in colonial Virginia.
- August 26 - Frederick V of the Palatinate is elected King of Bohemia by the states of the Bohemian Confederacy.
- August 28 - Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria and King of Bohemia, is elected Holy Roman Emperor unanimously by the prince-electors.
- September 5 - In the course of a revolt against the Habsburg Empire, Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania conquers Kassa with the help of George I Rákóczi.
- September 7 - Gaj Singh Rathore becomes the new Raja of Marwar at Jodhpur in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father, Sur Singh.
- September 9 - The coronation of Ferdinand II takes place in Vienna.
- September 18 - Abba Yoannis El-Mallawany of Egypt becomes the new head of the Coptic Christian Church as Pope John XV of Alexandria succeeding the late Pope Mark V, who died on September 11.
October–December
- October 8 - Thirty Years' War - The Treaty of Munich is signed by Ferdinand II and Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.
- November 10 - While stationed along the Danube river with Bavarian troops, René Descartes, according to his biographer Adrien Baillet, has a series of dreams giving him the idea of applying the mathematical method to philosophy.
- November 16 - William Parker School, Hastings, England, is founded by the will of Reverend William Parker.
- November 23 - Thirty Years' War- Battle of Humenné: Polish Lisowczycy troops assist the Holy Roman Emperor by defeating a Transylvanian force, forcing Gabor Bethlen to raise his siege of Vienna.
- December 4 - Thirty-eight colonists from England disembark in Berkeley Hundred, Virginia from the Margaret of Bristol and have a day of celebration to give thanks to God, in what is considered by some historians to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.
Date unknown
- Jahangir grants a British mission important commercial concessions at Surat, on the west coast of India.
- Salé Rovers declare the port of Salé on the Barbary Coast to be the Republic of Salé, independent of the Sultan of Morocco, with the Dutch-born corsair Jan Janszoon as president.
- The Danish–Dutch whaling settlement of Smeerenburg is founded in Svalbard.
- An expedition in Sri Lanka, led by Filipe de Oliveira, deposes and executes the last Jaffna king, putting an end to the Jaffna Kingdom.
- A Spanish expedition sails around Tierra del Fuego, mapping the coast and discovering the Diego Ramírez Islands.
Births
January–March
- January 10 - Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester, English politician
- January 14
- * Thomas Archer, English politician
- * Alexander von Spaen, German general
- January 17 - Johanna Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar, by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Harzgerode
- January 21
- * Anders Bording, Danish writer
- * John Rashleigh, English politician
- January 24 - Yamazaki Ansai, Japanese philosopher
- January 30 - Michelangelo Ricci, Roman Catholic cardinal, mathematician
- February 1 - Robert Phelips, English politician
- February 2 - Walter Charleton, English natural philosopher
- February 9 - Queen Inseon, Korean royal consort
- February 15 - Tsugaru Nobuyoshi, Japanese daimyō
- February 24
- * Robert Aske, merchant in the City of London
- * Charles Le Brun, French painter and art theorist
- February 26 - Francesco Morosini, Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694
- February 28 - Giuseppe Felice Tosi, Italian composer
- March 2 - Marcantonio Giustinian, 107th Doge of Venice
- March 5 - Joseph Ames, English naval commander
- March 6 - Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier and poet
- March 13 - Tobias Lohner, Austrian Jesuit theologian
- March 15 - Jean Le Vacher, French Lazarist missionary and French consul
- March 20 - Georg Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach
- March 25 - Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop
- March 28 - Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz
April–June
- April 2
- * Onofrio Gabrieli, Italian painter
- * Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Dutch abbess
- April 11 - Abraham van der Hulst, Dutch admiral
- April 21 - Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch founder of Cape Town
- April 30 - Johannes Spilberg, Dutch painter
- May
- * James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair, Scottish lawyer and statesman
- * André Félibien, French court historian
- * Andrew Ramsay, Lord Abbotshall, Scottish judge and politician
- May 20 - Abiezer Coppe, English "Ranter" and pamphleteer
- May 24 ' - Philips Wouwerman, Dutch painter
- May 26 - King Pye Min of Burma
- June 13 - Jan Victors, Dutch painter
- June 14 ' - Sir Jeffrey Hudson, English court dwarf
- June 24 - Rijcklof van Goens, Dutch colonial governor
July–September
- July 3 - Hyojong of Joseon, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea
- July 13 - Birgitta Durell, Swedish industrialist
- July 27 - Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament
- August 5 - Thomas Hall, English politician
- August 6 - Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer
- August 7 - Anna Catherine Constance Vasa, Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa
- August 15
- * Francesco Maria Farnese, Italian Catholic cardinal
- * Hubertus Quellinus, Flemish artist
- August 21 - Sir John Borlase, 1st Baronet, English politician
- August 28
- * Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, French princess who is remembered for her beauty and amours
- * Louis Thomassin, French bishop and theologian
- August 29 - Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of finance
- September 20 - Sophie Elisabeth Pentz, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark
- September 21 - Sir John Wray, 3rd Baronet, English politician
October–December
- October 8 - Philipp von Zesen, German poet
- October 10
- * Josias Calmady, English Member of Parliament
- * Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg, German princess
- October 14 - Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet, English politician
- October 16 - Johann Friedrich König, German Lutheran theologian
- October 18 - Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé, French admiral
- October 27 - Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
- November 5 - Philips Koninck, Dutch painter
- November 7 - Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French writer known for his Historiettes
- November 14 - Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire, English politician, earl
- November 25 - Henry Mildmay, English politician
- December 10 - Thomas Dyke, English politician
- December 13 - Andrij Savka, Lemko bandit
- December 17 - Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Bohemian-born Royalist commander in the English Civil War
- December 28 - Antoine Furetière, French writer
- December 31
- * John Fitzjames, English politician
- * Sylvester Maurus, Italian Jesuit theologian
Date unknown
- Donald Cargill, Scottish Covenanter
- Gu Mei, politically influential Chinese Gējì, poet and painter
- Samuel Collins, English doctor and author
- Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque, Spanish military officer and viceroy
- Willem Kalf, Dutch painter
- Kumazawa Banzan, Japanese philosopher
- Shalom Shabazi, Jewish Yemeni rabbi and poet
- Wang Fuzhi, Chinese philosopher
Deaths
January–March
- January 7 - Nicholas Hilliard, English miniature painter
- January 11 - Diane de France, Duchess of Angoulême
- January 15 - Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln, English politician
- January 20 - Éléonore de Bourbon, Dutch princess
- February 3 - Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English conspirator
- February 9 - Lucilio Vanini, Italian philosopher
- February 12 - Pierre de Larivey, Italian-born French dramatist
- February 16 - William Couper, Scottish bishop of Galloway
- March 2
- * William Cooke, English politician
- * Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I of England
- March 5 - Demeter Naprágyi, Hungarian Catholic archbishop
- March 13 - Richard Burbage, English actor
- March 15
- * Michael Balfour, 1st Lord Balfour of Burleigh, Scottish nobleman
- * Orsolya Dersffy, Hungarian noble
- March 18 - Chō Tsuratatsu, Japanese samurai
- March 20
- * Ippolito Galantini, founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence
- * Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, Austrian Habsburg ruler