March 1
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1628 - Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England pay ship tax by this date.
- 1633 - Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
- 1692 - Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.
- 1781 - The Articles of Confederation goes into effect in the United States.
- 1796 - The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic.
- 1805 - Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial before the U.S. Senate.
- 1811 - Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
- 1815 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
- 1836 - A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
- 1845 - United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
- 1867 - Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
- 1870 - Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.
- 1871 - The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.
- 1872 - Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
- 1893 - Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.
- 1896 - Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.
- 1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay.
1901–present
- 1901 - The Australian Army is formed.
- 1910 - The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
- 1914 - China (1912–49)|China] joins the Universal Postal Union.
- 1917 - The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text.
- 1919 - March 1st Movement begins in Japanese rule">Empire of Japan">Japanese rule.
- 1921 - The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years.
- 1921 - Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the RSFSR, the Kronstadt rebellion begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the Bolsheviks.
- 1932 - Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12.
- 1939 - An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.
- 1941 - World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.
- 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay, Eretan Wetan and Kragan.
- 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalised.
- 1947 - The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
- 1950 - Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.
- 1953 - Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later.
- 1954 - Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
- 1954 - Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
- 1956 - The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
- 1956 - Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee.
- 1958 - Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia.
- 1961 - Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.
- 1962 - American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95.
- 1964 - Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.
- 1964 - Paradise Airlines Flight 901A crashes near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, killing 85.
- 1966 - Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
- 1966 - The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
- 1971 - President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
- 1973 - Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.
- 1974 - Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
- 1981 - Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.
- 1990 - Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- 1991 - Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians.
- 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- 1998 - Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide.
- 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
- 2002 - The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m.
- 2002 - Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-109 to service the Hubble Space Telescope.
- 2003 - Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
- 2005 - In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional.
- 2006 - English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
- 2007 - Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.
- 2008 - The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed.
- 2014 - Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1611 - John Pell, English mathematician and linguist
- 1629 - Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter
- 1647 - John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr
- 1657 - Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian and author
- 1683 - Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama
- 1683 - Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent
- 1724 - Manuel do Cenáculo, Portuguese prelate and antiquarian
- 1732 - William Cushing, American lawyer and judge
- 1760 - François Buzot, French lawyer and politician
- 1769 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general
- 1807 - Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- 1810 - Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer
- 1812 - Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster
- 1817 - Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor and educator
- 1821 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic
- 1835 - Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania
- 1837 - William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic
- 1842 - Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic
- 1848 - Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-American sculptor and academic
- 1852 - Théophile Delcassé, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
- 1863 - Alexander Golovin, Russian painter and set designer
- 1870 - E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic
- 1876 - Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman
- 1880 - Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic
- 1886 - Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright
- 1888 - Ewart Astill, English cricketer and billiards player
- 1888 - Fanny Walden, English cricketer and umpire, international footballer
- 1889 - Tetsuro Watsuji, Japanese historian and philosopher
- 1890 - Theresa Bernstein, Polish-American painter and author
- 1891 - Ralph Hitz, Austrian-American hotelier
- 1892 - Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator
- 1893 - Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright
- 1896 - Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor
- 1896 - Moriz Seeler, German playwright and producer
- 1899 - Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer
- 1900 - Basil Bunting, British poet
1901–present
- 1904 - Paul Hartman, American actor, singer, and dancer
- 1904 - Glenn Miller, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader
- 1905 - Doris Hare, Welsh-English actress, singer, and dancer
- 1906 - Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam
- 1909 - Eugene Esmonde, English lieutenant and pilot
- 1909 - Winston Sharples, American pianist and composer
- 1910 - Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1910 - David Niven, English soldier and actor
- 1912 - Gerald Emmett Carter, Canadian cardinal
- 1912 - Boris Chertok, Polish-Russian engineer and academic
- 1914 - Harry Caray, American sportscaster
- 1914 - Ralph Ellison, American novelist and literary critic
- 1917 - Robert Lowell, American poet
- 1917 - Dinah Shore, American singer and actress
- 1918 - João Goulart, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Brazil
- 1918 - Gladys Spellman, American educator and politician
- 1920 - Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1920 - Howard Nemerov, American poet and academic
- 1921 - Cameron Argetsinger, American race car driver and lawyer
- 1921 - Terence Cooke, American cardinal
- 1921 - Richard Wilbur, American poet, translator, and essayist
- 1922 - William Gaines, American publisher
- 1922 - Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1922 - Fred Scolari, American basketball player
- 1924 - Arnold Drake, American author and screenwriter
- 1924 - Deke Slayton, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut
- 1926 - Robert Clary, French-American actor and author
- 1926 - Cesare Danova, Italian-American actor
- 1926 - Pete Rozelle, American businessman and 3rd National Football League Commissioner
- 1926 - Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1927 - George O. Abell, American astronomer, academic, and skeptic
- 1927 - Harry Belafonte, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 1927 - Robert Bork, American lawyer and scholar, United States Attorney General
- 1928 - Jacques Rivette, French director, screenwriter, and critic
- 1929 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian journalist and author
- 1930 - Monu Mukhopadhyay, Indian Bengali actor
- 1930 - Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist
- 1934 - Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian painter and sculptor
- 1934 - Joan Hackett, American actress
- 1935 - Robert Conrad, American actor, radio host and stuntman
- 1936 - Jean-Edern Hallier, French author
- 1939 - Leo Brouwer, Cuban guitarist, composer, and conductor
- 1939 - Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Pakistani author
- 1940 - Robin Gray, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Tasmania
- 1940 - Robert Grossman, American painter, sculptor, and author
- 1941 - Robert Hass, American poet
- 1941 - Dave Marcis, American stock car racing driver
- 1942 - Richard Myers, American general
- 1943 - Gil Amelio, American businessman
- 1943 - José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer and manager
- 1943 - Rashid Sunyaev, Russian-German astronomer and physicist
- 1944 - Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of West Bengal
- 1944 - John Breaux, American lawyer and politician
- 1944 - Mike d'Abo, English singer
- 1944 - Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
- 1945 - Dirk Benedict, American actor and director
- 1946 - Gerry Boulet, Canadian singer-songwriter
- 1946 - Jim Crace, English author and academic
- 1947 - Alan Thicke, Canadian-American actor and composer
- 1951 - Sergei Kourdakov, Russian-American KGB agent
- 1952 - Dave Barr, Canadian golfer
- 1952 - Nevada Barr, American actress and author
- 1952 - Janice Burgess, American television executive, screenwriter, and producer
- 1952 - Leigh Matthews, Australian footballer, coach, and sportscaster
- 1952 - Jerri Nielsen, American physician and explorer
- 1952 - Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager
- 1952 - Brian Winters, American basketball player and coach
- 1953 - Sinan Çetin, Turkish actor, director, and producer
- 1953 - Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese footballer and manager
- 1953 - M. K. Stalin, Indian Tamil politician, 8th and incumbent Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
- 1954 - Catherine Bach, American actress
- 1954 - Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer
- 1955 - Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence, member of the British royal family and Royal Navy officer
- 1956 - Tim Daly, American actor, director, and producer
- 1956 - Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, 8th President of Lithuania
- 1958 - Nik Kershaw, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1958 - Wayne B. Phillips, Australian cricketer and coach
- 1958 - Bertrand Piccard, Swiss psychiatrist and aviator
- 1959 - Nick Griffin, English politician
- 1961 - Mike Rozier, American football player
- 1963 - Bryan Batt, American actor
- 1963 - Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
- 1963 - Magnus Svensson, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1963 - Russell Wong, American actor
- 1965 - Booker T, American professional wrestler and sportscaster
- 1965 - Chris Eigeman, American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer
- 1965 - Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey
- 1966 - Don Lemon, American journalist
- 1966 - Zack Snyder, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1967 - George Eads, American actor
- 1967 - Aron Winter, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager
- 1969 - Javier Bardem, Spanish actor and producer
- 1970 - Yolanda Griffith, American basketball player and coach
- 1971 - Ma Dong-seok, South Korean-American actor
- 1971 - Brad Falchuk, American screenwriter, director, and producer
- 1973 - Jack Davenport, English actor
- 1973 - Ryan Peake, Canadian musician and songwriter
- 1973 - Chris Webber, American basketball player and sportscaster
- 1974 - Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor
- 1977 - Rens Blom, Dutch pole vaulter
- 1978 - Jensen Ackles, American actor and musician
- 1979 - Mikkel Kessler, Danish boxer
- 1979 - Bruno Langlois, Canadian cyclist
- 1980 - Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer
- 1980 - Sercan Güvenışık, German-Turkish footballer
- 1980 - Djimi Traoré, French-Malian footballer
- 1981 - Will Power, Australian race car driver
- 1982 - Travis Diener, American-Italian basketball player
- 1983 - Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
- 1983 - Lupita Nyong'o, Kenyan-Mexican actress
- 1984 - Alexander Steen, Canadian-Swedish ice hockey player
- 1984 - Claudio Bieler, Argentinian footballer
- 1985 - Andreas Ottl, German footballer
- 1986 - Big E, American professional wrestler
- 1986 - Jonathan Spector, American soccer player
- 1986 - Alec Utgoff, Ukrainian-English actor
- 1987 - Kesha, American singer-songwriter and actress
- 1987 - Kyle O'Reilly, Canadian professional wrestler
- 1988 - Trevor Cahill, American baseball player
- 1988 - Jarvis Varnado, American basketball player
- 1989 - Tenille Dashwood, Australian professional wrestler
- 1989 - Daniella Monet, American actress
- 1989 - Emeraude Toubia, Canadian-American actress
- 1989 - Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer
- 1991 - Joe Mantiply, American baseball player
- 1992 - Édouard Mendy, Senegalese footballer
- 1992 - Tom Walsh, New Zealand athlete
- 1993 - Juan Bernat, Spanish footballer
- 1993 - Michael Conforto, American baseball player
- 1993 - Josh McEachran, English footballer
- 1993 - Victor Rask, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1993 - Jordan Veretout, French footballer
- 1994 - Justin Bieber, Canadian singer-songwriter
- 1994 - Asanoyama Hiroki, Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1994 - Tyreek Hill, American football player
- 1994 - Maximilian Philipp, German footballer
- 1999 - Oswaldo Cabrera, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1999 - Brogan Hay, Scottish footballer
- 2000 - Ja'Marr Chase, American football player
- 2001 - Wander Franco, Dominican baseball player
- 2001 - Sapnap, American YouTuber
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 492 - Felix III, pope of the Catholic Church
- 589 - David, Welsh bishop and saint
- 965 - Leo VIII, pope of the Catholic Church
- 977 - Rudesind, Galician bishop
- 991 - En'yū, Japanese emperor
- 1058 - Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess and regent of Barcelona
- 1131 - Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia
- 1233 - Thomas, count of Savoy
- 1244 - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Welsh noble, son of Llywelyn the Great
- 1320 - Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Chinese emperor
- 1383 - Amadeus VI, count of Savoy
- 1510 - Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer
- 1546 - George Wishart, Scottish minister and martyr
1601–1900
- 1620 - Thomas Campion, English poet and composer
- 1633 - George Herbert, English poet and orator
- 1643 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian keyboardist and composer
- 1661 - Richard Zouch, English judge and politician
- 1697 - Francesco Redi, Italian physician and poet
- 1734 - Roger North, English lawyer and author
- 1768 - Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and author
- 1773 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect, designed the Palace of Caserta
- 1792 - Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1792 - Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman
- 1841 - Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence
- 1862 - Peter Barlow, English mathematician and physicist
- 1875 - Tristan Corbière, French poet and educator
- 1882 - Theodor Kullak, German pianist, composer, and educator
- 1884 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician and academic
- 1889 - William Henry Monk, English organist and composer
- 1890 - Rafael Campo, President of El Salvador from 1856 to 1858
1901–present
- 1906 - José María de Pereda, Spanish author
- 1911 - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1914 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, English soldier and politician, 8th Governor General of Canada
- 1920 - John H. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician
- 1922 - Pichichi, Spanish footballer
- 1925 - Homer Plessy, American political activist
- 1932 - Frank Teschemacher, American Jazz musician
- 1936 - Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian author and poet
- 1938 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian journalist and politician
- 1940 - A. H. Tammsaare, Estonian author
- 1942 - George S. Rentz, American commander
- 1943 - Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist
- 1952 - Mariano Azuela, Mexican physician and author
- 1966 - Fritz Houtermans, Polish-German physicist and academic
- 1974 - Bobby Timmons, American pianist and composer
- 1976 - Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer
- 1978 - Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright
- 1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdistan politician
- 1980 - Wilhelmina Cooper, Dutch-American model and businesswoman, founded Wilhelmina Models
- 1980 - Dixie Dean, English footballer
- 1983 - Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English journalist and author
- 1984 - Jackie Coogan, American actor
- 1988 - Joe Besser, American comedian and actor
- 1989 - Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Maharashtra
- 1991 - Edwin H. Land, American scientist and businessman, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation
- 1993 - Joseph Christopher, American schizophrenic serial killer
- 1995 - César Rodríguez Álvarez, Spanish footballer and manager
- 1995 - Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1998 - Archie Goodwin, American author and illustrator
- 2004 - Mian Ghulam Jilani, Pakistani general
- 2006 - Peter Osgood, English footballer
- 2006 - Jack Wild, English actor
- 2006 - Nurasyura binte Mohamed Fauzi, Singaporean rape and murder victim
- 2010 - Kristian Digby, English television host and director
- 2012 - Andrew Breitbart, American journalist and publisher
- 2012 - Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist
- 2013 - Bonnie Franklin, American actress, dancer, and singer
- 2014 - Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter
- 2015 - Minnie Miñoso, Cuban-American baseball player and coach
- 2016 - Carole Achache, French writer, photographer and actress
- 2018 - María Rubio, Mexican television, film and stage actress
- 2019 - Mike Willesee, Australian journalist and producer
- 2023 - Just Fontaine, French footballer
- 2024 - Iris Apfel, American businesswoman, interior designer, and philanthropist
- 2024 - Akira Toriyama, Japanese manga artist
- 2025 - Pat Ingoldsby, Irish poet and television presenter
- 2025 - Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 2025 - Angie Stone, American singer, songwriter, and actress
Holidays and observances