March 1

Events

Pre-1600

• 509 BC - Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
• 293 - Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the Quattuor Principes Mundi.
• 350 - Vetranio proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by Constantina, sister of Constantius II.
• 834 - Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire.
• 1476 - Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro.
• 1562 - Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.

  1601–1900

• 1628 - Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England pay ship tax by this date.
• 1633 - Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
• 1692 - Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.
• 1781 - The Articles of Confederation goes into effect in the United States.
• 1796 - The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic.
• 1805 - Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial before the U.S. Senate.
• 1811 - Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
• 1815 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• 1836 - A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
• 1845 - United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
• 1867 - Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
• 1870 - Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.
• 1871 - The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.
• 1872 - Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
• 1893 - Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.
• 1896 - Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.
• 1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay.

  1901–present

• 1901 - The Australian Army is formed.
• 1910 - The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
• 1914 - China joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1917 - The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text.
• 1919 - March 1st Movement begins in Korea under Japanese rule.
• 1921 - The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years.
• 1921 - Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the RSFSR, the Kronstadt rebellion begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the Bolsheviks.
• 1932 - Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12.
• 1939 - An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.
• 1941 - World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.
• 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay, Eretan Wetan and Kragan.
• 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalised.
• 1947 - The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
• 1950 - Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.
• 1953 - Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later.
• 1954 - Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
• 1954 - Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
• 1956 - The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
• 1956 - Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee.
• 1958 - Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia.
• 1961 - Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.
• 1962 - American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95.
• 1964 - Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.
• 1964 - Paradise Airlines Flight 901A crashes near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, killing 85.
• 1966 - Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
• 1966 - The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
• 1971 - President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
• 1973 - Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.
• 1974 - Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
• 1981 - Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.
• 1990 - Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
• 1991 - Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians.
• 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
• 1998 - Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide.
• 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
• 2002 - The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m.
• 2002 - Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-109 to service the Hubble Space Telescope.
• 2003 - Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
• 2005 - In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional.
• 2006 - English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
• 2007 - Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.
• 2008 - The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed.
• 2014 - Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.

  Births

Pre-1600

• 1105 - Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile
• 1389 - Antoninus of Florence, Italian archbishop and saint
• 1432 - Isabella of Coimbra
• 1456 - Vladislaus II of Hungary
• 1547 - Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher and lexicographer
• 1554 - William Stafford, English courtier and conspirator
• 1577 - Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland
• 1597 - Jean-Charles della Faille, Flemish priest and mathematician

  1601–1900

• 1611 - John Pell, English mathematician and linguist
• 1629 - Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter
• 1647 - John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr
• 1657 - Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian and author
• 1683 - Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama
• 1683 - Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent
• 1724 - Manuel do Cenáculo, Portuguese prelate and antiquarian
• 1732 - William Cushing, American lawyer and judge
• 1760 - François Buzot, French lawyer and politician
• 1769 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general
• 1807 - Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• 1810 - Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer
• 1812 - Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster
• 1817 - Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor and educator
• 1821 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic
• 1835 - Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania
• 1837 - William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic
• 1842 - Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic
• 1848 - Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-American sculptor and academic
• 1852 - Théophile Delcassé, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1863 - Alexander Golovin, Russian painter and set designer
• 1870 - E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic
• 1876 - Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman
• 1880 - Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic
• 1886 - Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright
• 1888 - Ewart Astill, English cricketer and billiards player
• 1888 - Fanny Walden, English cricketer and umpire, international footballer
• 1889 - Tetsuro Watsuji, Japanese historian and philosopher
• 1890 - Theresa Bernstein, Polish-American painter and author
• 1891 - Ralph Hitz, Austrian-American hotelier
• 1892 - Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator
• 1893 - Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright
• 1896 - Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor
• 1896 - Moriz Seeler, German playwright and producer
• 1899 - Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer
• 1900 - Basil Bunting, British poet