List of fictional monarchs of real countries

A

Albania

• Sophie I, the first female ruler in ''Pax Britannica.''

Australia

• Princess Georgiana of the fictional British royal family, played by Catherine Tate, becomes the monarch after her mother unexpectedly abdicates the Australian throne in favour of her scandalous daughter, hoping to send her as far away from London as possible and make her someone else's problem. The series also features her brother Prince Frederick, the heir apparent to the British throne.

Austria-Hungary

• Otto I
• * CharIes I's son and successor in Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg.

• Crown Prince Leopold is the powerful and influential heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 2006 film The Illusionist, although his father, the Emperor, is the actual reigning monarch.

• Wilhelm Gottsreich Sigismond von Ormstein – The Grand Duke of Cassel-Felstein and the hereditary King of Bohemia, he approaches Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson about the retrieval of letters and photographs confirming a liaison with Irene Adler in order to secure his engagement to Clotilde Lothma Von Saxe-Meiningen, a young Scandinavian princess.. There is also mentioned a "King of Scandinavia", a title which never existed in reality as the Scandinavian countries never united into a single realm, though Sweden and Norway were in personal union when the story was written.

B

Brazil

• Pedro III, the emperor of Brazil in Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, if the monarchy is restored.

• In the novel, Dom Pedro is mentioned as ruler of the Dominion of Braganza, the shadowy post-Fall successor to the Empire of Brazil ruled by a caudillo of the month.

• Dom Pedro IV: In the Southern Victory series, he is the Emperor of Brazil during the Great War (novel series)|First Great War], leading the country into war on the side of Central Powers, cutting off supply lines between the Allied countries of Argentina and Britain and hastening the end of the war. Pedro IV's lineage and the status of slavery in Brazil are not addressed, whilst the continued existence of the Brazilian Empire may be an indirect consequence of Confederate independence.
• In Curious Notions of the Crosstime Traffic series, Imperial Germany is victorious in the 20th century's three world wars, becoming the dominant world power by 2096. This results in Germany restoring the monarchies of numerous countries including Brazil. The unnamed Emperor of Brazil is among the numerous monarchs who attend the Kaiser in Berlin in a glittering annual ceremony broadcast live worldwide.

Bulgaria

• Kyril I, the Bulgarian monarchs|Tsar of Bulgaria] in Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, if the Legion choose to restore the monarchy.
• Nikolay II, a Georgian noble in Pax Britannica.

• During Horst Witzleben's Seven O’Clock News, an unnamed Tsar of Bulgaria is reported as welcoming the Poglavnik of Croatia during a state visit. The unnamed Tsar is also one of many fascist puppet or sympathizing heads of state to commiserate the death of the German Führer, Kurt Haldweim.

• Prince Hector, the heir to the Bulgarian throne, attends Balkan peace talks in London but is kidnapped whilst under the protection of Detective Inspector Eli Rabbit and his team. His sister, Princess Juliana, is revealed to be the perpetrator of the kidnapping, wanting the Bulgarian throne for herself. She is also an expert sharpshooter and a member of the secret organization, 'the Vision'.

C

Cambodia

• King Sindarath Sisowath

Canada

• Sybil Pandemick, a neighbour of Sam and Max known for regularly changing careers, briefly reigns as Queen of Canada after answering a job advertisement, continuing to work out of her office in New York City. After magician and Prismatology cult leader Hugh Bliss hypnotizes the world to provide nourishment, Sybil agrees to purchase the United States for one hundred trillion Canadian dollars. The United States is incorporated into Canada and is renamed 'Lower Manitoba'.

China and the Greater Chinese Empire

• Emperor Ping is the imperial ruler of the Tang dynasty and the father of Princes Wan, Jai and Yu, who is in the place of Puyuan and takes Princess Phoenix to be his Empress in the 2006 Chinese film Curse of the Golden Flower.

• An unnamed Emperor is the wise, old ruler of China who makes Fa Mulan an honorary heroine for saving him and his empire from the Huns, in Disney's animated film Mulan and its live-action remake, which based on the legendary folklore about Hua Mulan. His literary basis might be Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei.

• Emperor Han was a Chinese warlord who succeeded in becoming the first Emperor of China. However, his quest for immortality ultimately led to his being cursed and entombed. He was later resurrected but was defeated by Rick O'Connell and his son before he could extend his reach to enslave the Earth.

• In the story "Foreign Devils" by Walter Jon Williams, the Martians of H. G. Wells's War of The Worlds land in Qing China, destroy Beijing and cause widespread death and destruction throughout the country, but the Guangxu Emperor survives by fleeing to a faraway province. In the aftermath the Emperor – whose plans for reform were foiled in actual history – takes advantage of the chaos to stage a bloody coup and establish himself strongly in power. He then the uses the disarray of European powers, still recovering from the Martian invasion of their home territories, to shake off colonial tutlelage and make China a world power 50 years ahead of schedule. China in this history will remain a monarchy, there will be no Chinese Republic nor a Communist Chinese regime, and there will be many more new Emperors from among the progeny of the Guangxu Emperor.

Colombia

• Bolivar III, the emperor of Gran Colombia in Pax Britannica.

Croatia

• Tomislav II is the king of the Italian client state of Croatia in The New Order: Last Days of Europe. He found himself as the head of a nation which he had no love for. He didn't speak a word of Croatian nor had he even ever been there, as he was picked simply because of his noble blood.

• King Boris and Queen of Dalmatia are the former rulers whose royal family are exiled to Great Britain after a communist revolution there, in the season 2 episode "Royal Flush".

D

Denmark

• Haraald, the former King of Denmark in the film The Prince & Me and its sequel The Prince & Me 2: The Royal Wedding.
• Edvard III, Haraald's son, becomes the King of Denmark with Paige Morgan as his Queen.

E

Egypt

• Sammun-Mak was a powerful telepathic ten-year-old who ruled as Pharaoh after overthrowing the royal family. After his brain is placed in the body of Max, Sammun-Mak uses the Devil's Toybox to create an alternate reality in which he is supreme ruler.

F

Finland

• King Fredrik Kaarle I
• * In Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, he rules the Kingdom of Finland and has significant power compared to other monarchs in the nearby regions.
• King Väinö I
• * Frederick Charles's son and successor in the same mod.

• King Gustav
• * He and the Finnish royal family visit the United Kingdom shortly after King Ralph I's accession to the British throne. The purpose of the visit is to arrange a royal marriage between Ralph and Princess Anna of Finland and to negotiate the purchasing of off-shore drilling equipment following the discovery of oil reserves in the Baltic Sea. The arranged marriage is called off after King Gustav is given photographs showing Ralph with Miranda, an exotic dancer.

France

• Jean XXIII is mentioned as the King of France in an alternate reality where Islamic North Africa and the Middle East constituted the modern, liberal First World, and Europe was a backward hotspot of Christian fundamentalist terrorism. Reigning during the fifteenth century AH, his son the Dauphin is hospitalized during an Aquinist attack on the funeral of Grand Duke Cosimo III of Italy.

G

Georgia

• Giorgi XI, the king of Georgia in Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, if the monarchy is restored.

Germany

• Prince Manfred of Bavaria is the leader of a worldwide rebellion against a nascent world government sometime during the late twentieth century.

• Wilhelm III
• * In the Southern Victory series, he refuses to return Alsace-Lorraine to the new Kingdom of France, which acts as the casus belli for the Second Great War in Europe, during the course of which he authorizes the atomic bombings of London, Norwich, Brighton, Paris and Petrograd. When the death of Wilhelm II was announced, it was reported that the new Kaiser would adopt two different regnal names for Germany and Prussia, although he is not referenced by name for the remainder of the series.
• * In Curious Notions, he leads Germany during an analogue of the Second World War in the late 1930s, resulting in Germany becoming the dominant power in Europe.
• Wilhelm IV: In Curious Notions, he leads Germany during the Third World War circa 1956, during which numerous cities across the United States were devastated in nuclear blasts. A bronze statue of him is mentioned as being situated outside of the San Francisco City Hall.

• Wilhelm III succeeds his father in Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, in 1941, which was also the year of the real Wilhelm II's death. He is a reactionary and favors a dictatorship of Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. Close to the anti-parliamenterist, Kurt von Schleicher. A rare path can see him become a Reichpräsident.
• Wilhelm IV, a possible puppet Emperor if the overlord is not socialist. Also a possible head of state in rare scenarios, which include a restoration by Max Bauer or him being a Reichpräsident like his father.
• Friedrich Wilhelm V, a member of the Romanov family that replaces the Hohenzollern dynasty.

• Wilhelm IV leads an expansionist, imperialist Germany in his timeline's version of the Second World War.

Greece

• George I – In Harold Nicolson's short story If Byron Had Become King of Greece, Lord Byron survives his illness in 1824, becomes the chief military strategist in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire and is crowned King in the 1830s.

Guatemala

• Ubico I
• * In Pax Britannica, Ubico becomes an absolutist emperor after overthrowing Guatemala's democratic government.

H

Hawaii

• King Kamehameha IV
• King Kamehameha V
• King Kamehameha VI

Hungary

• Prince Wilhelm of Sweden, a democratic king.
• Friedrich Franz of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a fascist king.
• Otto von Habsburg, a non-aligned Habsburg king.

I

India

• Prince Pondicherry wants to rule India in his own chocolate palace, rejecting Willy Wonka's warning to eat it all before it melts. But despite his insistence, the prince's chocolate palace later melts on the hot sunny day. His name derives from the city of Pondicherry.

• King Louie is an orangutan and the leader of the Bandar-log tribe, who acts like the monkey king of the Ancient Ruins and attempts to gain knowledge of fire from the "man-cub", Mowgli, to be more like a human. He is inspired by his voice actor, American jazz singer Louis Prima. In the live-action remake, Louie is enlarged, similar to a Gigantopithecus.

Iran/Persia

• In the Crosstime Traffic series, an unnamed Shah is mentioned as being the ruler of Iran in the 2092 of the 'home timeline', operating a police state. The restored Iranian monarchy may have been the result of several 'Iran Interventions' mentioned in The Disunited States of America.

• King Sharaman is the monarch of Persia, the father of Princes Tus and Garsiv and the adoptive father of Dastan, in Disney's 2010 film which based on the video game of the same name.

Iraq

• Haroun El Poussah is a benevolent and benign caliph of Baghdad who Iznogoud serves as his grand vizier and who only cares about sleeping, eating and having lazy fun. His name is a pun on the historical Caliph Harūn al-Rashīd.

• King Nod is the sleepy ruler of Baghdad, the father of Princess Yum-Yum and father-in-law of Tack the Cobbler.

Italy

• Prince Escalus is the reigning prince of Verona. He is possibly based on Bartolomeo I of the Scaliger family.

• King Alonso is the monarch of Naples and the father of Prince Ferdinand. This combination occurred twice during the 15th century, when Alfonso I of Naples was the father of Ferdinand I of Naples and Alfonso II of Naples was the father of Ferdinand II of Naples. The other characters in the story, however, have no namesakes.

J

Japan and the Greater Japanese Empire

• In In the Presence of Mine Enemies, set in an alternate timeline where the Axis Powers won the Second World War, an unnamed Emperor of Manchukuo is one of many heads of state who commiserate the death of the Führer, Kurt Haldweim. It might be Puyi or his brother Pujie.
• In Joe Steele, Japan surrenders to the Americans in the South and the Soviets in the North. The U.S. establishes the Constitutional Monarchy of Japan. However, with Emperor Hirohito being killed during an air raid towards the end of the war, Hirohito's 12-year-old son Akihito becomes the new emperor, although he is only a figure head, as it is General Dwight D. Eisenhower who really runs the country.

• In this novel, Akihito is the Emperor of Dai-Nippon in 2025. Dai-Nippon, with its capital based in Peking, encompasses Japan, Mainland China, Korea, the Philippine Islands, most of Southeast Asia, Outer Manchuria, Taiwan, Sakhalin, and coastal colonies in Siberia and Alaska. Regarding the Fall as beneficial, Dai-Nippon rivals the Angrezi Raj.

• Emperor Kenichi
• Emperor Yasuhito

Jordan

• Nayef bin Abdullah
• * Abdullah I's successor in The New Order: Last Days of Europe.

L

Liechtenstein

• King Maximilian – In the episode "Vaduz", the crew of MJN Air are hired to fly King Maximilian to Fitton. Unbeknownst to them, however, is the fact that Maximilian is a young boy, the posthumous and only son of the previous King, preceded by six older sisters with the eldest, Princess Theresa acting as Regent. Having become King at such a young age, Maxi constantly flouts his title and power for trivial reasons which his pilot, Captain Martin Crieff, says would not make him popular in the long-term. After Princess Theresa covers for Crieff for accidentally ordering too much fuel, the two begin dating.

Lithuania

• King Vytautas II
• *In Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, Vytautas is a German Catholic ruler whose Kingdom of Lithuania is an extremely and ethnically divided puppet state. He stands in the shadow of his popular father, King Mindaugas II, is pretty much a puppet of his ministers and despised by Lithuanian nationalists.
• King Mindaugas III
• *Karl Gero's younger brother in the same mod.

M

Madagascar

• King Julien XII
• * He is a strict, lazy, paunchy and cowardly old ring-tailed lemur who was the previous ruler of the Lemur Kingdom in the island of Madagascar in the Netflix animated series All Hail King Julien. He has been told by Masikura the panther chameleon that he would get eaten by the foosa, although the prophecy did not say that all of him would be bit. So he left his island and abdicated the throne in favor of his nephew, who became King Julien XIII of Madagascar. However, the original King Julien became devious as he returned to the island and tried to reclaim the throne from his nephew. In the end, he decided to give up his evil plans and start a new and better life.
• King Julien XIII
• * He is the Indian-accented ring-tailed lemur who has been a ruler of the Lemur Kingdom in Madagascar after his uncle's abdication, using mostly his delegation and charisma, and loves to throw a party with his subjects. In All Hail King Julien, Julien has been against not only his uncle but also his parents Princess Julienne and Prince Barty. He has his own royal advisor Maurice the aye-aye and befriends Mort the mouse lemur and four zoo animals, Alex the Lion, Marty The Zebra, Melman the giraffe and Gloria The Hippo, from New York City. Julien even has his position passed down to Stevie, the leaf-tailed gecko who forms part of his crown.

Mexico

• Maximilian I
• * With the War of Secession ending in a Confederate victory in 1862, France and Napoleon III is able to concentrate on intervention in Mexico, winning the war and installing Maximilian I to the throne shortly afterwards. He would serve as the Emperor of Mexico until at least 1880 and his dynasty he founded there would remain in power through the Second Great War, relying on France and the Confederacy for protection from the wrath of the United States. Maximilian's installation was a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. The French and Confederates prevented the U.S. from enforcing the doctrine, thus effectively shooting it between the eyes.
• Maximilian II
• * He had served as the Emperor of Mexico since at least 1880. He maintained the close ties between his country and France. In 1881, with his nation desperate for money, Maximilian decided to sell the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora to the Confederate States, which would cause the Second Mexican War with the United States. Maximilian I has no real-life equivalent since his marriage to Charlotte of Belgium was childless by the time of his death. He had adopted Agustín and Salvador Iturbide.
• Francisco José I
• * He served as the Emperor of Mexico after Maximilian II. During his reign as emperor, he saw Mexico entering the Great War on the side of the Entente Powers with the Confederate States, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia.
• Maximilian III
• * He served as the Emperor of Mexico after Francisco Jose I. During his reign as emperor during the late 1910s and early 1920s, anti-Habsburg revolutionaries sought to remove him from the throne and sparked the Mexican Civil War in 1917. He served as the emperor until at least 1942 and saw the beginning of the Second Great War and Mexico join the Entente Powers once again.
• Francisco José II
• * He served as the Emperor of Mexico after Maximilian III and was the emperor during the Second Great War. He reluctantly supplied troops to the Confederacy, who were used to both help attack the United States and later defend the Confederacy from US counter-attacks.
• * After U.S. General Irving Morrell's major breakthrough at Pittsburgh came at the expense of poorly-equipped Mexican troops, Francisco Jose II refused to allow his men to participate in any more major battles against the United States. This would result in Mexico losing the Baja California peninsula to the United States. Confederate President Jake Featherston, after unsuccessfully attempting to change the Emperor's mind, finally acquiesced. Mexican troops were instead used to battle the black guerrilla fighters in the southern part of the Confederacy. Francisco José II was one of the few leaders of a Great Powers nation not forced to resign or abdicate after the alliance's defeat in the Second Great War.

• Among the many alternate timelines visited by the protagonists, there is one in which late 20th century Mexico is a monarchy, ruled by an unnamed king.

Mongolia and the Mongol Empire

• King Mahendra the White Elephant
• * In an alternative history equivalent of the year 1988, King Mahendra the white elephant is a decadent Indian usurper sitting the throne of a Mongol Empire ruling all Asia and all Europe. Under his rule, Christianity is suppressed. He has in his court a corps of female gladiators, adept at martial arts and archery, who "fight like Hashishin" and who speak a dialect of Chinese different from all those spoken in our reality.

Montenegro

• Nicholas Romanov|King Nikola II]
• * Featured in the HOI4 mod, The New Order: Last Days of Europe.

Morocco

• Hassan II of Morocco
• * Featured in The New Order: Last Days of Europe, claims independence after the collapse of the Iberian Union.

N

Netherlands

• Queen Amalia

Nigeria

• The King of Nigeria
• * In the Season 26 episode "The Princess Guide", the King of Nigeria makes a uranium deal with Mr. Burns as with his daughter Princess Kemi staying in Springfield. While he is doing so, Homer Simpson is made to watch over Kemi at the apartment but later ends up taking her to see Moe Szyslak. Though initially displeased with Kemi since he suspects her brother stole money from him, Moe befriends her and takes her on a journey across Springfield when Homer is arrested by Chief Wiggum shortly after her disappearance. However, Homer gets angry when he finds that Moe has taken his job to guide the princess. And when Kemi kisses Moe, the paparazzo takes a picture which is quickly viewed on the internet by the Nigerian King, leading him to decide not to sign the uranium deal with Burns. The King wants to punish Kemi for kissing Moe, but Homer urges him to let his daughter live her life as she wants, for which he accepts.

Norway

• Vladimir I, the King of Norway in Pax Britannica, if the Norwegians successfully overthrow the Danes.

P

Peru

• The Prince of the Sun
• * The reigning prince who rules the Sun-worshipping Inca Empire in the fourteenth volume of the Tintin comics. He resides in the hidden Temple of the Sun deep within the Andes mountain range where he meets Tintin and Captain Haddock sent by a Peruvian boy named Zorrino. The Prince also appears in the animated film adaptation, Tintin and the Temple of the Sun, where he is the father of Princess Maita.

• Emperor Kuzco
• * He is the young, selfish, and callous ruler of the Inca Empire who loves to dance to the groove every morning but has a sense of style and charm. Kuzco befriends a farmer and llama herder, Pacha, and eventually learns the meaning of friendship and generosity after he was transformed into a llama by his former advisor and self-proclaimed sorceress Yzma and her muscular but somewhat dimwitted henchman Kronk Pepikrankenitz. His name is a reference to the ancient city of Cusco.

Poland

• King Augustus IV
• *In Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, he is the fourth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II who rules the Kingdom of Poland but is hated by Polish nationalists and socialists alike, as he does not show real interest in the Polish nation.
• King Alexander II
• *August IVs son and successor in the same mod.

Portugal

• In an alternate timeline, Imperial Germany became the dominant world power by 2096, following its victories in the 20th century's three world wars. As result, Germany restored the monarchies of various countries including Portugal. The King of Portugal is among the many monarchs annually attending the Kaiser in Berlin, in a glittering ceremony broadcast live worldwide.

• Duarte II
• * In Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, he is the King of Portugal and the Algarves, ruling since 2 July 1932. Duarte is suspected to maintain relations with opposition members and old-guard monarchists from the Paiva Couceiro era, with the greater aim to achieve a "National Restoration" and to remove the Integralists from power.

R

Romania

• King Nicholas I
• * In Kaiserreich: Legacy of the Weltkrieg, he can be made king if the Legionaries win the power struggle and force Carol II to abdicate.

Russia and the Russian Empire

• Nicholas II
• * Nicholas II meets up with the four alien explorers Raf, Ari, Valmis and Dark at Tsarskoe Selo in 1909. After his son Alexei falls and strikes his head on a desk, the aliens and the Tsar discuss the czarevitch's haemophilia and after a finding out that his son lacks the protein in his blood and that he has the protein, agrees to a blood transfusion with the help of Dark's machine. His son is cured within three days and results in nationwide rejoicing at this news and Grigori Rasputin is thrown out the Palace by Imperial soldiers. Czar Nicholas is so boundlessly thankful for the aliens deed and arranges safe passage to Spain for the Explorers, who are still being pursued by American Marines. In addition, the Czar promises to seriously consider everything that Ari has told him about the possibility of a World War. However, with either World War I or the Russian Revolution occurring, Nicholas remained on the Russian throne until between 1918 and 1933.
• Alexei II
• * With his haemophilia cured in 1909, Alexei grows up a healthy person. He succeed the Russian throne by 1933. During their 1933 tour of Earth, which the four alien explorers undertake just prior to their departure from Earth, they are received by Alexei, who is now the Czar of Russia. During the encounter, Raf describes him as a "strapping young lad."

• Grand Duke Nikolai is the de facto tsar of the Russian Empire in 2025. By the alternate 2025 of the novel, the Empire is centered around Samarkand and has adopted regressive religious practices such as ritualistic cannibalism and worship of Chernobog.

• Alexei II

• Constantine I
• * In the story What If Napoleon Triumphs in Russia by Adam Zamoyski, after the French Empire's victory over Russia and Alexander I's flight from Pskov to a remote monastery, Grand Duke Constantine was installed by Napoleon as Tsar on 15 August 1813. Tsar Constantine I was considered a weak leader, being forced to relinquish the Baltic territories, return Finland to Sweden and to send Russian troops to help France fight in Spain. Constantine faced a peasant's revolt led by a false pretender claiming to be Alexander I but was ultimately assassinated in 1827, replaced by his younger brother Nicholas. The real Constantine renounced his rights to marry morganatically and Nicholas succeeded outright after the Russian interregnum of 1825 caused by the renounciation not being made public before Alexander's death and causing the Decembrist revolt.

• Vladimir Jr.
• * In the comic book series, all mammals with a Y chromosome with the exception of amateur escape artist Yorick Brown and his Capuchin monkey, Ampersand died in an unexplained cataclysm on 17 July 2002. Vladimir Jr., the son of Russian astronauts Ciba Weber and Vladimir conceived on the International Space Station, is the only other living male on Earth, having been born after the cataclysm. In the final issue Alas, set six decades after the main tenure of the series, it is revealed that Vladimir became the Czar of Russia, by which time a cis-male population is re-established, albeit limited to thousands worldwide and consisting of clones of Yorick and men who died in the cataclysm.

S

Spain

• Philip IX
• * In an alternative timeline where the Spanish Armada successfully invaded England in 1588, the 'Western Empire' encompasses France, England, the Spanish Netherlands, South America and Central America with a loose protectorate over a Mohawk-controlled North America; however, the Iberian Peninsula was turned into a 'New Khalifate' by Islamic invaders, forcing the relocation of the center of the Spanish Empire to Londres. In one of the book's episodes, the King and the entire Royal Family are killed by female warriors, masters of Martial arts, which were unwisely brought in from an Alternate History timeline; however, the book's time-traveling protagonist manages to change history and avert the disaster.

• Alfonso XIV
• Pilar

Sweden

• Joseph I
• * In the story What If Napoleon Triumphs in Russia by Adam Zamoyski, after the French Empire's victory over Russia, Napoleon returned Finland to Sweden and installed Józef Poniatowski as King. Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte is executed for treason against France.

• Queen Kristina

T

Thailand/Siam

• King Mongkut is the sovereign of Siam who is resided in the Grand Palace in Bangkok with his son Prince Chulalongkorn and other young royal children. Mongkut takes his request to British schoolteacher Anna Leonowens to tutor his children.

• King Rama XII

Turkey and the Ottoman Empire

• Al-Hussein is the ruler of the Caliphate of Damascus and the Caliph of Islam in the post-Fall world. The Caliphate is an Arab empire encompassing the former Ottoman Empire, the Balkans and Persia, born out of Arab revolts against the Ottoman Empire in the immediate aftermath of the Fall. It is the main rival of France-outre-mer and is the chief obstacle to the formation of an Anglo-French condominium over the Sultanate of Egypt.

• In an alternate timeline, Imperial Germany became the dominant world power by 2096, following its victories in the 20th century's three world wars. The Ottoman Empire, having been Germany's loyal ally, survived to the end of the 21st century when the book's plot takes place, and probably beyond – though clearly subservient to Germany; the Germans prop up its government as they do with numerous other monarchies throughout the world. The Ottoman Sultan is among the many monarchs annually attending the Kaiser in Berlin, in a glittering ceremony broadcast live worldwide.

U

The United Kingdom, England, Scotland and Ireland

• King George VII – Whilst a downsized British royal family recall the gradual decline of their family and the United Kingdom, they recall George VII seceding Earl's Court to Australia as one of the many secessions which broke up the country.

• Queen Elizard – Debuted in the 17th light novel volume of the series. She is nearly deposed by her daughter, Princess Carissa, in a coup d'état with the Knights of England but managed to escape. She later used a magical artifact to help weaken her rebellious daughter and empower all of the peoples of the United Kingdom in the final battle against her in Buckingham Palace.

• King Henry IX, in the short story "Refugee", is still the Prince of Wales when Britain's first spaceport opens on Salisbury Plain. He stows away in a space freighter heading to Mars.

• Henry IX
• Richard IV, mentioned as being the father of Henry IX

The United States

• King James IV of the United States
• * Born Hans-Josef II of Lichtenburg
• * Conferred authority in the wake of a military coup whose leaders reconstitute the United States as a constitutional monarchy.
• * Formally "James IV, King of the United States and of their Possessions, Grand Duke of Lichtenberg"

V

Vietnam

• Emperor Bảo Đại
• * In The New Order: Last Days of Europe, he is the puppet Emperor of Vietnam and holds no power of his own, acting as a tool for the Empire of Japan's purposes.