July 28
Events
Pre-1600
- 1364 - Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
- 1402 - Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
- 1540 - Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.
- 1571 - La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines, is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas in the country.
1601–1900
- 1635 - Eighty Years' War: The Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.
- 1656 - Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins.
- 1778 - Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.
- 1794 - French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.
- 1808 - Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
- 1809 - Peninsular War: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army repulse a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte in the Battle of Talavera.
- 1821 - José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.
- 1854 -, the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and current museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned.
- 1864 - American Civil War: In the Battle of Ezra Church, Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt under General John Bell Hood to prevent Union forces led by General William T. Sherman from approaching Atlanta, Georgia.
- 1866 - At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue.
- 1868 - The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
- 1883 - A moderate earthquake measuring magnitude 4.3–5.2 strikes the Italian island of Ischia, killing over 2,300 people.
- 1896 - The city of Miami is incorporated.
1901–present
- 1911 - The Australasian Antarctic Expedition began as the SY Aurora departed London.
- 1914 - World War I: In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on the Kingdom of Serbia and begins the Great War.
- 1915 - The United States begins a 19-year occupation of Haiti.
- 1917 - Anti-lynching movement: The Silent Parade takes place in New York City, in protest against murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans.
- 1932 - During the Great Depression, U.S. president Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
- 1935 - First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
- 1938 - Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
- 1939 - The Sutton Hoo helmet is discovered.
- 1942 - World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.
- 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
- 1945 - A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
- 1957 - Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992.
- 1960 - The German Volkswagen Act comes into force.
- 1962 - Beginning of the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students.
- 1965 - Vietnam War: U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
- 1973 - Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
- 1974 - Spetsgruppa A, Russia's elite special force, was formed.
- 1976 - The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
- 1984 - Olympic Games: Games of the XXIII Olympiad: The summer Olympics were opened in Los Angeles.
- 1996 - The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.
- 2001 - Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championship meeting.
- 2002 - Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground.
- 2002 - Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560 crashes after takeoff from Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia, killing 14 of the 16 people on board.
- 2005 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign against British rule in Northern Ireland.
- 2010 - Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an Airbus A321.
- 2011 - While flying from Seoul, South Korea to Shanghai, China, Asiana Airlines Flight 991 develops an in-flight fire in the cargo hold. The Boeing 747-400F freighter attempts to divert to Jeju International Airport, but crashes into the sea South-West of Jeju island, killing both crew members on board.
- 2017 - Nawaz Sharif was disqualified from office for life by Supreme Court of Pakistan after finding him guilty of corruption charges.
- 2018 - Australian Wendy Tuck becomes the first female skipper to win the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race.
- 2022 - Catastrophic floods devastate Eastern Kentucky, resulting in 45 fatalities and causing damage to thousands of homes and businesses.
Births
Pre-1600
- 1347 - Margaret of Durazzo, Queen of Naples and Hungary
- 1458 - Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet, humanist and epigrammist
- 1516 - William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman
1601–1900
- 1609 - Judith Leyster, Dutch painter
- 1645 - Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, French princess
- 1659 - Charles Ancillon, French jurist and diplomat
- 1746 - Thomas Heyward, Jr., American judge and politician
- 1750 - Fabre d'Églantine, French actor, playwright, and politician
- 1783 - Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck, German army officer and writer
- 1796 - Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company
- 1804 - Ludwig Feuerbach, German anthropologist and philosopher
- 1815 - Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian colonel
- 1844 - Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet
- 1849 - James Edson White, American author and publisher, second son of Ellen G. White and James S. White
- 1857 - Ballington Booth, English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America
- 1860 - Elias M. Ammons, American businessman and politician, 19th Governor of Colorado
- 1860 - Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia
- 1863 - Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general
- 1866 - Beatrix Potter, English children's book writer and illustrator
- 1866 - Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer
- 1867 - Charles Dillon Perrine, American-Argentinian astronomer
- 1872 - Albert Sarraut, French journalist and politician, 106th Prime Minister of France
- 1874 - Ernst Cassirer, Polish-American philosopher and academic
- 1879 - Lucy Burns, American activist, co-founded the National Woman's Party
- 1879 - Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter
- 1887 - Marcel Duchamp, French-American painter and sculptor
- 1887 - Willard Price, Canadian-American journalist and author
- 1893 - Rued Langgaard, Danish organist and composer
- 1896 - Barbara La Marr, American actress and screenwriter
- 1898 - Lawrence Gray, American actor
1901–present
- 1901 - Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1901 - Rudy Vallée, American actor, singer, and saxophonist
- 1902 - Albert Namatjira, Australian painter
- 1902 - Sir Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic
- 1907 - Earl Tupper, American inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands
- 1909 - Aenne Burda, German publisher
- 1909 - Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet
- 1914 - Carmen Dragon, American conductor and composer
- 1915 - Charles Hard Townes, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1915 - Dick Sprang, American illustrator
- 1915 - Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician
- 1916 - David Brown, American journalist and producer
- 1920 - Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer
- 1922 - Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss oceanographer and engineer
- 1923 - Ray Ellis, American conductor and producer
- 1924 - Luigi Musso, Italian racing driver
- 1925 - Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1926 - Charlie Biddle, American-Canadian bassist
- 1927 - John Ashbery, American poet
- 1929 - Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American journalist and socialite, 37th First Lady of the United States
- 1929 - Shirley Ann Grau, American novelist and short story writer
- 1930 - Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer
- 1930 - Junior Kimbrough, American singer and guitarist
- 1930 - Jean Roba, Belgian author and illustrator
- 1930 - Ramsey Muir Withers, Canadian general
- 1931 - Alan Brownjohn, English poet and author
- 1931 - Darryl Hickman, American actor
- 1931 - Johnny Martin, Australian cricketer
- 1932 - Natalie Babbitt, American author and illustrator
- 1932 - Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, Brazilian colonel
- 1933 - Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player and scout
- 1934 - Jacques d'Amboise, American dancer and choreographer
- 1935 - Neil McKendrick, English historian and academic
- 1936 - Russ Jackson, Canadian football player and coach
- 1936 - Garfield Sobers, Barbadian cricketer
- 1937 - Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter
- 1938 - Luis Aragonés, Spanish footballer, coach, and manager
- 1938 - Arsen Dedić, Croatian singer-songwriter and poet
- 1938 - Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian engineer, academic, and politician, 90th President of Peru
- 1938 - Chuan Leekpai, Thai lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand
- 1941 - Bill Crider, American author
- 1941 - Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor and educator
- 1941 - Susan Roces, Filipino actress and producer
- 1942 - Tonia Marketaki, Greek director and screenwriter
- 1942 - John Sattler, Australian rugby league player
- 1943 - Mike Bloomfield, American guitarist and songwriter
- 1943 - Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
- 1943 - Richard Wright, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1945 - Jim Davis, American cartoonist, created Garfield
- 1946 - Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1946 - Linda Kelsey, American actress
- 1946 - Fahmida Riaz, Pakistani poet and activist
- 1947 - Peter Cosgrove, Australian general and politician, 26th Governor General of Australia
- 1947 - Sally Struthers, American actress
- 1948 - Gerald Casale, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and director
- 1948 - Eiichi Ohtaki, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
- 1949 - Vida Blue, American baseball player and sportscaster
- 1949 - Randall Wallace, American screenwriter and producer
- 1950 - Shahyar Ghanbari, Iranian singer-songwriter
- 1950 - Tapley Seaton, Kittitian politician, 4th Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
- 1951 - Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect and engineer, designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex
- 1951 - Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach
- 1951 - Gregg Giuffria, American rock musician and businessman
- 1951 - Ray Kennedy, English footballer
- 1952 - Glenn A. Baker, Australian journalist and author
- 1952 - Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand
- 1954 - Hugo Chávez, Venezuelan colonel and politician, President of Venezuela
- 1954 - Gerd Faltings, German mathematician and academic
- 1954 - Steve Morse, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1954 - Mikey Sheehy, Irish footballer
- 1956 - John Feinstein, American sportswriter and commentator
- 1956 - Robert Swan, English explorer
- 1958 - Terry Fox, Canadian runner and activist
- 1958 - Michael Hitchcock, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1959 - William T. Vollmann, American novelist, short story writer and journalist
- 1960 - Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1960 - Jon J. Muth, American author and illustrator
- 1960 - Yōichi Takahashi, Japanese illustrator
- 1961 - Yannick Dalmas, French racing driver
- 1962 - Rachel Sweet, American singer, television writer, and actress
- 1964 - Lori Loughlin, American actress
- 1965 - Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
- 1966 - Sossina M. Haile, Ethiopian American chemist
- 1966 - Miguel Ángel Nadal, Spanish footballer
- 1966 - Jimmy Pardo, American stand-up comedian, actor, and host
- 1966 - Shikao Suga, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1967 - Taka Hirose, Japanese bass player
- 1969 - Alexis Arquette, American actress
- 1969 - Garth Snow, American ice hockey player and manager
- 1969 - Dana White, American businessman, president of the Ultimate Fighting Championship
- 1970 - Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
- 1970 - Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian figure skater
- 1970 - Paul Strang, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
- 1971 - Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- 1971 - Ludmilla Lacueva Canut, Andorran writer
- 1971 - Stephen Lynch, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 1971 - Annie Perreault, Canadian speed skater
- 1972 - Robert Chapman, English cricketer
- 1973 - Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1973 - Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1974 - Afroman, American rapper and comedian
- 1974 - Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
- 1974 - Alexis Tsipras, Greek engineer and politician, 186th Prime Minister of Greece
- 1975 - Leonor Watling, Spanish actress
- 1976 - Jacoby Shaddix, American singer-songwriter
- 1977 - Aki Berg, Finnish-Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 - Manu Ginóbili, Argentinian basketball player
- 1977 - Miyabiyama Tetsushi, Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1978 - Kārlis Vērdiņš, Latvian poet
- 1978 - Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1979 - Henrik Hansen, Danish footballer
- 1979 - Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer-songwriter and producer
- 1979 - Lee Min-woo, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
- 1979 - Alena Popchanka, Belarusian-French swimmer and coach
- 1981 - Michael Carrick, English footballer and coach
- 1981 - Willie Green, American basketball player and coach
- 1982 - Cain Velasquez, Mexican-American mixed martial artist and wrestler
- 1983 - Sam Dastyari, Iranian-Australian politician
- 1983 - Cody Hay, Canadian figure skater
- 1983 - Ilir Latifi, Swedish-Kosovar mixed martial artist
- 1984 - Ali Krieger, American soccer player
- 1984 - Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
- 1984 - DeMeco Ryans, American football player and coach
- 1984 - John David Washington, American actor and football player
- 1985 - Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer
- 1985 - Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1986 - Alexandra Chando, American actress
- 1986 - Lauri Korpikoski, Finnish ice hockey player
- 1987 - Yevhen Khacheridi, Ukrainian-Greek footballer
- 1987 - Pedro, Spanish footballer
- 1987 - Christofer Ranzmaier, Austrian politician
- 1988 - Gunnar Nelson, Icelandic professional fighter and mixed martial artist
- 1990 - Soulja Boy, American rapper, producer, and actor
- 1990 - Simone Pizzuti, Italian footballer
- 1992 - Spencer Boldman, American actor
- 1993 - Harry Kane, English footballer
- 1993 - Evan Rodrigues, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1993 - Cher Lloyd, English singer
- 1994 - Walker Buehler, American baseball player
- 1994 - Hyojung, South Korean singer
- 1996 - Harriet Dart, British tennis player
- 1999 - GloRilla, American rapper
- 2000 - Emile Smith Rowe, English footballer
- 2003 - Malik Nabers, American football player