List of eponyms (A–K)
An eponym is a person from whom something is said to take its name. The word is back-formed from "eponymous", from the Greek "eponymos" meaning "giving name".
Here is a list of eponyms:
A
- Shinzō Abe, Japanese Prime Minister – Abenomics
- Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician – Abelian group, Abel's theorem, Abel–Ruffini theorem
- Helmut Abt, German-born American astrophysicist - Abt's star
- Allama Iqbal, Indian Muslim philosopher, and poet of Urdu, Persian language, Arabic languages, national poet and ideological father of Pakistan — Allama Iqbal Town, Allama Iqbal Town, Muzaffargarh, Allama Iqbal International Airport, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Allama Iqbal Open University, Iqbal Academy Pakistan.
- Achaemenes, Persian king – Achaemenid dynasty
- Achilles, Greek mythological character – Achilles' heel, Achilles tendon
- Ada Lovelace, first person to describe computer programming – Ada programming language
- Adam, Biblical character – Adam's apple
- Gilbert-Joseph Adam, French mineralogist – adamite
- Alvin Adams, American businessman – Adams Express
- Adamson, Swedish comics character – Adamson Award
- Thomas Addison, British physician – Addison's disease, Addisonian crisis, Addison–Schilder syndrome
- Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, British queen – the city of Adelaide in Australia, Queen Adelaide, Cambridgeshire, Adelaide Archipelago, Adelaide Island
- Adhemar, Belgian comics character – Bronzen Adhemar
- Adonis, Greek mythological character – adonis, adonism, Adonis, adonis, Adonis belt
- Aeolus, Greek mythological character – Aeolian harp
- Adam Afzelius, Swedish botanist – Afzelius's disease, afzelia
- Agag, biblical king – Agagites
- Agatha of Sicily, Italian Christian martyr – St. Agatha's Tower
- Agrippina the Younger, Roman empress – Cologne, Germany
- Ahasuerus, Biblical character – the term "ahasverus" is used to describe a "restless person" in certain languages, Ahasverus
- Alfred V. Aho, Canadian computer scientist – the first letter of the name AWK, a computer pattern/action language, is taken from Aho
- George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and astronomer - Airy disk
- Ajax, Greek mythological character – Ajax Amsterdam, Ajax dish detergent
- Akademos, Greek mythological character – academy
- Akela, British literary character – Akela, another term for 'scoutsleader'
- Rabbi Akiva, Judean rabbi – Bnei Akiva
- Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Latinized as "Algoritmi", Persian mathematician – algorithm.
- Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Persian astronomer - al-Sufi's cluster.
- Semyon Alapin, Lithuanian chess player – Alapin's Opening
- King Albert I, Belgian king – Albert Canal, Albert premetro station, Alberteum Aedes Scientiae, King Albert Park, Albertine, King Albert Medal, Albertina markers.
- Albert, Prince Consort, British prince – Prince Albert piercing, a form of male genital piercing; Albert Bridge, London, Albert Bridge, Glasgow, Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool, Royal Albert Dock, London, Royal Albert Hall, Albert Memorial, Lake Albert, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Prince Albert National Park, Albert Medal
- Adolf Albin, Romanian chess player – Albin Countergambit
- Alcaeus, Greek poet – Alcaic stanza
- Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player – Alekhine's Defence
- Alexander of Aphrodisias, Greek philosopher – Alexandrism, Alexander's band
- Alexander the Great, Greek-Macedonian conqueror – Alexandria, İskenderun, Kandahar, alexandrine, Iskanderkul
- Matthew Algie, Scottish businessman – "Matthew Algie"
- Alice, British literary character – Alice in Wonderland syndrome
- Thomas Allinson, British physician – Allinson bread
- Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss, American musicians – A&M Records
- Arthur Cecil Alport, South African physician – Alport syndrome
- Walter C. Alvarez, American physician − Alvarez' syndrome; Alvarez-waves; Walter C. Alvarez Memorial Award
- Alois Alzheimer, German neurologist – Alzheimer's disease
- Amanullah Khan, Afghan king – The Dutch term "ammehoela"
- Amaryllis, Roman literary character from Virgil's pastoral Eclogues – amaryllis
- Amazons, Greek mythological tribe – Amazon River, Amazon.com, Inc
- Adelbert Ames Jr., American scientist — Ames room, Ames trapezoid
- Bruce Ames, American biochemist – Ames test
- Jakob Ammann, Swiss-American religious leader – Amish
- André-Marie Ampère, French scientist – ampere – unit of electric current, Ampère's law, amp
- Amun, Egyptian god – ammonia
- Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer – Amundsen Sea; Amundsen crater, a crater on the Moon; Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
- Ignacio "Nacho" Anaya – inventor of nachos
- José de Anchieta, Spanish priest – Anchieta Island, Anchieta, Espírito Santo, Anchieta, Santa Catarina, Rodovia Anchieta
- Andromeda, Greek mythological character – Andromeda constellation, Andromeda Galaxy, Andromeda polifolia
- Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist – angstrom, unit of distance
- Adolf Anderssen, German chess player – Anderssen's Opening
- Saint Andrew, Christian apostle – Order of Saint Andrew, Saint Andrew's Cross, St Andrews, Scotland, San Andreas Fault, and numerous other localities, churches and cathedrals
- Jimmie Angel, American aviator - Angel Falls
- Anne of Denmark, Scottish queen – Queen Anne's Men
- Anne, Queen of Great Britain, British queen – Queen Anne style architecture, Queen Anne style furniture, Statute of Anne, Queen Anne's Bounty
- Antoninus Pius, Roman emperor – Antonine Wall
- Virginia Apgar, American physician and anesthesiologist – Apgar score
- Aphrodite, Greek mythological character – aphrodisiac
- Apollinaris of Ravenna – Apollinaris
- Apollo, Greek mythological character – Apollonian and Dionysian, Apollo archetype, Apollo's belt
- Apollonius of Perga, Greek mathematician and astronomer – Apollonian circles, Apollonian gasket, Apollonian network, Apollonius' theorem, Problem of Apollonius
- Saint Thomas Aquinas, Italian philosopher – Thomism, many educational institutions
- Yasser Arafat, Palestinian politician and activist – Arafat scarf
- Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, nicknamed Pichichi, Spanish association football player – Pichichi Trophy
- Archimedes, Greek mathematician – Archimedes' screw, Archimedes' principle, Archimedean point, Claw of Archimedes, Archimedean solid
- Henryk Arctowski, Polish scientist and explorer – Arctowski's arc
- Argus Panoptes, Greek mythological character – argus-eyed, great argus, scatophagus argus
- Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz, Polish pathologist – Artery of Adamkiewicz
- Ariadne, Greek mythological character – Ariadne's thread
- Aristoteles, Greek mathematician and philosopher – Aristotelianism, Aristotelian ethics, Aristotelian physics, Aristotelian Society, Aristotelian theology, Aristotelia, Aristotle Mountains, Aristotle's wheel paradox, Aristotle's theory of universals, Pseudo-Aristotle
- Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian – Arminianism
- Louis Armstrong, American jazz musician, who was nicknamed Satchmo – Satchmo's syndrome
- William George Armstrong, British inventor and business man – Armstrong breech-loading gun, Armstrong effect
- Arthur, British-Welsh mythological king – Arthurian fantasy, Arthurian heraldry, Arthurian legend
- José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary leader – Artiguism
- Asclepius, Greek mythological character – rod of Asclepius, therapeutae of Asclepius
- Hans Asperger, Austrian psychologist – Asperger syndrome
- Atalanta, Greek mythological character – Atalanta butterfly
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkish president – Kemalism
- Athena, Greek goddess – The Greek city Athens, atheneum, Athens, Athene
- Robert Atkins, American nutritionist – Atkins diet
- Atlas, Greek mythological character – atlas, Atlas, atlas, Atlas, Atlas, Atlas, Atlas bear, Atlas beetle, Atlas cedar, Atlas pied flycatcher, Atlas moth, Atlas turtle
- Atthis, Greek mythological character – Atthis, Attica
- Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, Israeli rabbi and theologist – Ramat Shlomo
- Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira, Brazilian lexicographer – Aurélio's Brazilian Portuguese Dictionary, nicknamed the "Big Aurélio" in Portuguese.
- Augeas, Greek mythological king – Augean stable
- Augustus Caesar, Roman emperor – the month of August; the city of Zaragoza ; the city of Caesarea in Israel; numerous other cities once named Caesarea; Augustan age
- R. Stanton Avery, American inventor and businessman – Avery Dennison Corporation
- Tex Avery - American animated film director - Avery-esque.
- Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist – Avogadro constant, Avogadro's law
- Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigerian president – Zikism
B
- Báb, Persian religious leader – Bábism
- Charles Babbage, British mathematician and inventor – Babbage engine, Babbage
- Isaac Babbitt, American inventor – Babbitt metal
- Joseph Babinski, French neurologist – Babinski's sign, Anton–Babinski syndrome, Babinski–Fröhlich syndrome, Babinski–Froment syndrome, Babinski–Nageotte syndrome, Babinski–Vaquez syndrome, Babinski–Weil test, Babinski–Jarkowski rule.
- Lauren Bacall, American actress – Bogart–Bacall syndrome
- Facundo Bacardi, Spanish-Cuban business man – Bacardi, Bacardi cocktail, Bacardi Breezer
- Bacchus, Greek-Roman mythological character – Bacchic, Bacchic art, Bacchanalia
- Edward Bach, British physician – Bach flower remedies
- Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer – BACH motif
- John Backus, American computer scientist – Backus–Naur form
- Karl Baedeker, German business man – Baedeker
- Leo Baekeland, Belgian inventor – Bakelite
- William Baffin, British explorer – Baffin Bay, Baffin Island
- Bahá'u'lláh, Persian religious leader – Baháʼí Faith
- Bahram V Gur, Persian king – bahramdipity
- Donald Bailey, British engineer and inventor – Bailey bridge
- Francis Baily, British astronomer – Baily's beads
- René Baire, French mathematician – Baire category theorem, Baire function, Baire measure, Baire set, Baire space, Baire space, Property of Baire
- John Randal Baker, English zoologist and anthropologist – Microscopic staining merthods: for lipids, Baker's acid-haematein, and for mucins his mucicarmine
- Italo Balbo, Italian aviator and politician – Balbo, Seventh Street Balbo Drive
- Ed Balducci, Italian-American illusionist – Balducci levitation
- J. G. Ballard, British author – Ballardian, Ballardesque
- János Balogh, Hungarian-Romanian chess master – Balogh Defense
- Balthazar, Biblical character – 12-litre wine bottle
- Honoré de Balzac, French author – Balzac Prize
- Bambi, Austrian literary character – Bambi effect, Bambi effect, Bambi Award
- Heinrich Band, German inventor and music instrument builder– Bandoneón
- Bernhard Bang, Danish physician – Bang's disease
- Peter Bang and Svend Olufsen, Danish businesspeople – Bang and Olufsen
- John Kendrick Bangs, American writer - Bangsian fantasy
- Joseph Banks, British botanist – Banks Peninsula, genus Banksia
- Baphomet, demon character – Sigil of Baphomet
- Barbara, daughter of American business woman Ruth Handler – Barbie doll
- Joseph Barbera and William Hanna, American animators – Hanna-Barbera
- Willem Barentsz, Dutch explorer – Barents Sea, Barentsz bridge, Barents Region
- Francis Baring, British businessman – Barings Bank
- Heinrich Barkhausen, German physicist – Barkhausen effect, Barkhausen stability criterion, Barkhausen–Kurz tube
- Peter Barlow, English mathematician and physicist — Barlow lens
- Thomas Wilson Barnes, British chess master – Barnes Defence, Barnes Opening
- P. T. Barnum, American circus entertainer – Barnum effect
- Murray Barr, Canadian physician – Barr body
- Yvonne Barr and Sir Anthony Epstein, British physicians – Epstein–Barr virus
- Jean Alexandre Barré, French neurologist – Guillain–Barré syndrome, Barré test
- Caspar Bartholin the Younger, Danish physician – Bartholin's gland
- Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer – Bartok pizzicato
- Basarab I of Wallachia – Bessarabia
- Earl W. Bascom, American-Canadian rodeo inventor – Bascom's rigging
- John U. Bascom, American surgeon – Bascom cleft lift procedure
- Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician – Graves–Basedow disease
- John Baskerville, British typographer – Baskerville
- George Bass, British explorer – Bass Strait
- Tomáš Baťa, Czech businessman – Bata Shoes; Bata Shoe Museum, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Batawa; Batanagar, India; Batapur, Punjab, Pakistan
- Henry Walter Bates, British biologist – Batesian mimicry
- Émile Baudot, French engineer – Baudot alphabet, Baudot code
- Antoine Baumé, French engineer – Baumé scale
- Bavo of Ghent, Southern-Dutch/Walloon Roman Catholic saint – Bamberg, Germany
- Donald E. Baxter and Delia B. Baxter – Baxter International
- Bryce Bayer, American scientist – Bayer filter
- Friedrich Bayer, German business man – Bayer AG
- Herbert Bayer, Austrian-American graphic designer and architect – Bayer Universal, Architype Bayer
- William Bayliss, British physician – Bayliss effect
- The Beatles, British rock group – Beatlesque, Beatle boot, Beatle haircut, Beatlemania
- Francis Beaufort, Irish captain – Beaufort scale
- Louis de Béchamel, a courtier of Louis XIV – Béchamel sauce
- Alison Bechdel, American cartoonist – Bechdel test
- Carl Bechstein, German businessman – C. Bechstein
- Warren A. Bechtel, American businessman – Bechtel
- Heinrich Beck, German businessman – Beck's beer, Beck's Futures art prize
- John Bruce Beckwith, American physician – Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
- Henri Becquerel, French physicist – becquerel
- John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British politician – Bedfordite
- Captain Beefheart, American rock musician - Beefheart-esque.
- Michel Bégon, French politician – begonia
- Hulusi Behçet, Turkish dermatologist – Behçet's disease
- Adrian Bejan, Romanian-American mathematician – Bejan number
- Léon Bekaert, Belgian businessman – Bekaert
- Jacob Bekenstein, Israelian-American theoretical physicist – Bekenstein bound
- Édouard Belin, French-Swiss inventor – Belinograph
- Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor – bel – unit of relative power level; Bell Labs, Bell System, BellSouth, Bellcore, Regional Bell Operating Company, Bell Canada – companies.
- Glen Bell, American restaurateur - Taco Bell
- Francis Bellamy, American religious leader – Bellamy salute
- Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Estonian-German explorer – Bellingshausen Sea
- Nikos Beloyannis, Greek resistance leader – Beloiannisz
- Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Litvak lexicographer – Ben Yehuda Street, Ben Yehuda Street
- Benedick, British theatrical character – benedick
- Benedict of Nursia, Italian priest – Benedictine
- Edvard Beneš, Czech president – Beneš decrees
- Luciano Benetton, Italian business man – Benetton Group, Benetton Formula
- Charles Benham, English journalist - Benham's top / Benham's disc
- Benjamin, Biblical character – a Benjamin
- Pal Benko, Hungarian chess player – Benko Gambit, Benko's Opening
- Arnold Bennett, British novelist – Omelette Arnold Bennett, dish developed at the Savoy Hotel, London
- Floyd Bennett, NASA trajectory designer — Bennett Hill
- Linn Boyd Benton, American typographer – Benton Pantograph
- Karl Benz, German businessman – Benz & Cie.
- Hiram Berdan, American inventor – Berdan Sharps rifle, Berdan centerfire primer
- Hans Berenberg and Paul Berenberg, German businessman – Berenberg Bank
- Vitus Bering, Danish-born Russian explorer – Bering Strait, Commander Islands
- Busby Berkeley, American choreographer – "Busby Berkeley choreography", "Busby Berkeley number"
- David Berkowitz also known as "Son of Sam", American criminal – Son of Sam law
- Emile Berliner, German-American inventor and businessman – Berliner Gramophone
- Maximilian Berlitz, German-American businessman – Berlitz Language Schools
- Juan de Bermúdez, Spanish explorer – Bermuda
- Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch mathematician – Bernoulli's principle
- Sergei Natanovich Bernstein, Russian mathematician – Bernstein polynomial, Bernstein algebra, Bernstein's inequality, Bernstein inequalities in probability theory, Bernstein polynomial, Bernstein's problem, Bernstein's theorem, Bernstein's theorem on monotone functions, Bernstein–von Mises theorem
- Yogi Berra, American baseball player – Yogi Bear, Yogiisms
- Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist – Berthollide
- Alphonse Bertillon, French police officer – Bertillon method/system.
- Henry Bessemer, British inventor – Bessemer converter, Bessemer steel
- Aneurin Bevan, British politician – Bevanism
- Pierre Bézier, French engineer and mathematician – Bézier curve, Bézier surface
- Wilhelm von Bezold, German physicist and meteorologist — Bezold effect, Bezold-Brücke shift
- Marcel Bich, French-Italian businessman – Bic
- Joe Biden, 46th president of the United States – Bidenomics
- Bieda, a Saxon landowner – Bedfordshire
- Max Bielschowsky, German neuropathologist – Bielschowsky's silver stain for nerve fibres
- Big Brother, British literary character – "Big Brother society", Big Brother Awards
- Félix Billet, French physician - Billet's rose
- Alfred Binet, French mathematician – Stanford-Binet IQ test
- Meyer Herman Bing and Frederik Vilhelm Grøndahl, Danish business people – Bing & Grøndahl
- Bintje Jansma, Dutch pupil – Bintje
- Forrest Bird, American inventor – Bird Innovator
- Henry Bird, British chess player – Bird's Opening
- Clarence Birdseye, American businessman – Captain Birdseye
- Jane Birkin, British pop singer and actress – Birkin bag.
- László Bíró, Hungarian inventor – Biro,
- Sereno Edwards Bishop, scientist, Presbyterian minister and publisher - Bishop's Ring
- Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor – Bismarck Archipelago and Bismarck Sea near New Guinea; German battleship Bismarck as well as two ships of the Imperial Navy ; Bismarck, North Dakota, Bismarck herring
- Fischer Black and Myron Scholes, American economists – Black–Scholes formula, Black–Scholes equation
- S. Duncan Black and Alonzo G. Decker, American business men – Black & Decker
- Tony Blair, British Prime Minister – Blairism, Blatcherism
- William Blair - Blair Cuspids
- Louis Auguste Blanqui, French politician and activist – Blanquism
- Louis Blériot, French aviator – Recherches Aéronautiques Louis Blériot.
- Charles K. Bliss, Ukrainian-Austrian engineer – Blissymbols.
- André Bloch, French mathematician, Bloch space, Bloch's theorem
- Felix Bloch, Swiss-American physician – Bloch wall, Bloch sphere, Bloch's theorem
- Charles Blondin, French acrobat – Blondin
- Amelia Bloomer, American activist – bloomers
- Benjamin Blumenfeld, Belarusian chess player – Blumenfeld Gambit
- Boann, Irish mythological character – The River Boyne
- Johann Elert Bode and Johann Daniel Titius, German astronomers – Titius–Bode law
- David Bodian, – American medical scientist – Bodian's protargol stain
- Giambattista Bodoni, Italian typographer – Bodoni
- William Boeing, American aviator – Boeing Commercial Airplanes
- Herman Boerhaave, Dutch physician – Boerhaave syndrome
- Humphrey Bogart, American actor – Bogart–Bacall syndrome
- Efim Bogoljubov, Russian-German chess player – Bogo-Indian Defence
- Bogomil, Bulgarian religious leader – Bogomilism
- Niels Bohr, Danish physicist – Bohr magneton, Bohr radius, bohrium
- Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French chemist – gallium, chemical element. Although named after Gallia, Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the discoverer of the metal, subtly attached an association with his name. Lecoq in Latin is gallus.
- Bart Jan Bok, Dutch astronomer – Bok globules
- Simón Bolívar, Bolivian general and president – Bolivia, Bolívar Department, Colombia, various cities and tows named Bolívar en Venezuela and Colombia, Venezuelan bolívar, Bolívar, Bolivarism
- Jean Bolland, Belgian priest – Bollandists
- Lucas Bols, Dutch businessman – Bols
- Ludwig Boltzmann, German mathematician – Boltzmann constant, Stefan–Boltzmann constant, Stefan–Boltzmann law
- Napoleon Bonaparte, French general and emperor – Bonapartism, Napoleonic Code, Napoleon Empire, Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon complex, Napoleon Opening, Napoleon's theorem, Napoleon's problem, Napoleon snake eel, Napoleon fish, Napoleon, Napoleon points, Napoleonka
- George Alan Bond, American-Australian business man – Bonds
- George Boole, British mathematician – Boolean algebra
- Gail Borden, American business man – "Borden Condensed Milk", Borden County, Texas
- Jules Bordet, Belgian physicist – Bordetella
- Amadeo Bordiga, Italian politician – Bordigism
- Armand Borel, French mathematician – Borel–Weil–Bott theorem, Borel conjecture, Borel fixed-point theorem, Borel's theorem
- Émile Borel, French mathematician – Borel algebra, Borel's lemma, Borel's law of large numbers, Borel measure, Borel–Kolmogorov paradox, Borel–Cantelli lemma, Borel–Carathéodory theorem, Heine–Borel theorem, Borel summation, Borel distribution
- Alexander Borodin, Russian composer and chemist – Borodin reaction
- Karel Havlíček Borovský, Czech novelist – Havlíčkův Brod
- Giuseppe Borsalino, Italian businessman – Borsalino
- Bernard Bosanquet, British cricketer – bosie, the Australian term for the cricket technique googly
- Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter – Boschian
- Robert Bosch, German business man and inventor – Robert Bosch GmbH
- Amar Bose, American business man and inventor – Bose Corporation, Bose speaker packages
- Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist – bosons, Bose–Einstein statistics, Bose–Einstein condensate
- Jean-Marc Bosman, Belgian association football player – Bosman ruling
- C. F. Bottlinger - Bottlinger's rings
- Elbert Dysart Botts, American engineer and inventor – Botts' dots, a street and highway lane separator
- Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French navigator – the bougainvillea plant, which he discovered.
- Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer - Bouguer's halo
- Georges Boulanger, French politician – Boulangism
- Étienne-Louis Boullée, French neoclassicist architect – Boulléesque
- Matthew Boulton and James Watt, British inventors and business people – Boulton and Watt
- Habib Bourguiba, Tunesian president – Bourguibism
- Thierry Boutsen, Belgian car racer – Boutsen Aviation
- Sir Frank Bowden, 1st Baronet, British businessman – Bowden cable.
- Thomas Bowdler, British publisher – to bowdlerize
- Jim Bowie, American inventor – Bowie knife
- Sir William Bowman, British anatomist – Bowman's capsule
- Charles Boycott, Irish politician – boycott
- Robert Boyle, Irish chemist – Boyle's law
- Rudolph Boysen, American horticulturist – boysenberry
- Silvius Brabo, Belgian mythological character – Brabant, Brabo Fountain.
- Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer – Tychonic system, Tycho Brahe days
- Tom Bradley, American politician – Bradley effect.
- Brahma, Hindu deity – Brahmanism
- Brahmagupta, Indian mathematician and astronomer – Brahmagupta's formula, Brahmagupta's identity, Brahmagupta's trapezium, Brahmagupta's problem, Brahmagupta's polynomial
- Johannes Brahms, German composer – Brahms guitar
- Louis Braille, French inventor – braille writing
- Matthew Bramley, British butcher – Bramley apple
- Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist – "Braun tube" Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize
- Auguste Bravais, French physicist known for his work in crystallography - Bravais arc
- Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Italian explorer – Brazzaville, De Brazza's monkey
- Abraham-Louis Breguet, Swiss watch maker – Breguet
- Louis Charles Breguet, French aviator – Breguet Aviation, Breguet 14, Breguet's range equation
- Jacques Brel, Belgian singer – Brelian crescendo
- Hans-Joachim Bremermann, German-American mathematician and biophysicist – Bremermann's limit
- Jack Elton Bresenham, American computer scientist – Bresenham's line algorithm
- Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, British lexicographer – Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
- Leonid Brezhnev, Russian head of state – Brezhnev Doctrine
- Richard Bright, British physician – Bright's disease
- Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, French gastronomer – Brillat-Savarin cheese, Gâteau Savarin
- Thomas Brisbane, British politician – Brisbane and Brisbane River
- Paul Broca, French neurologist – Broca's aphasia, Broca's area
- Dalmero Francis Brocchi, amateur astronomer and chart maker for the American Association of Variable Star Observers - Brocchi's Cluster
- Steve Brodie, American man who jumped off Brooklyn Bridge and survived, becoming a celebrity afterwards - "do a Brodie" or "pull a Brodie"
- Henry James Brooke, British crystallographer – Brookite
- Mel Brooks, American film director and actor – Brooksfilms
- Gordon Brown, British Prime Minister – Brownism
- Robert Brown, Scottish botanist – Brownian motion
- John Browning, American inventor – Browning firearms, including the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle and Browning Hi-Power
- Archibald Bruce, American mineralogist – Brucite.
- Catherine Wolfe Bruce, American humanitarian activist – Bruce Medal.
- David Bruce, Australian-Scottish pathologist and microbiologist – Brucella, brucellosis.
- James Bruce, Scottish explorer – brucine.
- R. H. Bruck, American mathematician – Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem
- Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer – Bruckner rhythm
- Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter – Bruegelian, Bruegel, Brueghel's syndrome, "Bruegel Ancienne"
- Johannes Brugman, Dutch priest – "praten als Brugman"
- Marcus Junius Brutus, Italian politician – brutal, brutality, brute
- Prince Brychan, British king – Brecknockshire
- Bucca, Saxon landowner – Buckinghamshire
- Bucephalus, horse of Alexander the Great – Bucephala, Bucephala
- Buddha, Nepalese religious leader – Buddhism
- Semyon Budyonny, Russian general – Budyonny horse
- Ettore Bugatti, Italian businessman – Bugatti
- Muhammadu Buhari, Nigerian president – Buharism
- David Dunbar Buick, American businessman – Buick
- Dagwood Bumstead, American comics character – Dagwood sandwich
- Archie Bunker, American TV character – the Bunker vote
- Robert Bunsen, German inventor – Bunsen burner
- Viktor Bunyakovsky, Russian mathematician – Bunyakovsky conjecture
- Johan Burgers Dutch businessman — Royal Burgers' Zoo
- Jean Buridan, French philosopher – Buridan's ass
- William Burke, Irish criminal – to burke
- Robert Burns, Scottish poet – Burns stanza
- Ambrose Burnside, American general – sideburns
- Wilhelm Busch, German comics artist and illustrator – Wilhelm Busch Prize
- George W. Bush, American president – Bush Doctrine, Bushism
- Lord Byron, British poet – Byronic; Byronism