October 9
Events
Pre-1600
- 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks.
- 1238 - James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
- 1410 - The first known mention of the Prague astronomical clock.
- 1594 - Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated on Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture.
1601–1900
- 1604 - Kepler's Supernova is the most recent supernova to be observed within the Milky Way.
- 1635 - Roger Williams is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony after religious and policy disagreements.
- 1701 - The Collegiate School of Connecticut is chartered in Old Saybrook.
- 1708 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
- 1740 - Dutch colonists and Javanese natives begin a massacre of the ethnic Chinese population in Batavia, eventually killing at least 10,000.
- 1760 - Seven Years' War: Russian and Austrian troops briefly occupy Berlin.
- 1779 - American Revolutionary War: A combined Franco-American assault on British defenses during the Siege of Savannah is repulsed with heavy casualties.
- 1790 - A severe earthquake in northern Algeria causes severe damage and a tsunami in the Mediterranean Sea and kills three thousand.
- 1799 - sinks with the loss of 240 men and a cargo worth £1,200,000.
- 1804 - Hobart, capital of Tasmania, is founded.
- 1806 - Prussia begins the War of the Fourth Coalition against France.
- 1812 - War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships: and.
- 1820 - Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
- 1825 - Restauration arrives in New York Harbor from Norway, the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States.
- 1831 - Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first head of state of independent Greece, is assassinated.
- 1834 - Opening of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway on the island of Ireland.
- 1847 - Slavery is abolished in the Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy.
- 1861 - American Civil War: Union troops repel a Confederate attempt to capture Fort Pickens in the Battle of Santa Rosa Island.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Union cavalrymen defeat Confederate forces at Toms Brook, Virginia during Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley campaign.
- 1873 - A meeting at the U.S. Naval Academy establishes the U.S. Naval Institute.
- 1874 - The Universal Postal Union is created by the Treaty of Bern.
- 1900 - The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
1901–present
- 1911 - An accidental bomb explosion triggers the Wuchang Uprising against the Qing dynasty, beginning the Xinhai Revolution.
- 1913 - The steamship catches fire in the mid-Atlantic.
- 1914 - World War I: The Siege of Antwerp comes to an end.
- 1918 - The Finnish Parliament elects Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse as King of Finland, but he never accedes to the throne due to Germany's defeat in World War I.
- 1919 - The Cincinnati Reds win the World Series, resulting in the Black Sox Scandal.
- 1934 - An Ustashe assassin kills King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou, Foreign Minister of France, in Marseille.
- 1936 - Boulder Dam begins to generate electricity and transmit it to Los Angeles.
- 1937 - Murder of 9 Catholic priests in Zhengding, China, who protected the local population from the advancing Japanese army.
- 1941 - A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango the new president.
- 1942 - Australia's Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 receives royal assent.
- 1950 - The Goyang Geumjeong Cave massacre in Korea begins.
- 1962 - Uganda becomes an independent Commonwealth realm.
- 1963 - In Italy, a large landslide causes a giant wave to overtop the Vajont Dam, killing over 2,000.
- 1966 - Vietnam War: the Republic of Korea Army commits the Binh Tai Massacre.
- 1967 - A day after his capture, Ernesto "Che" Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
- 1969 - In Chicago, the National Guard is called in as demonstrations continue over the trial of the "Chicago Eight".
- 1970 - The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- 1980 - Pope John Paul II greets the Dalai Lama during a private audience in Vatican City.
- 1981 - President François Mitterrand abolishes capital punishment in France.
- 1983 - South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan survives an assassination attempt in Rangoon, Burma, but the blast kills 21 and injures 17 others.
- 1984 - The popular children's television show Thomas The Tank Engine & Friends, based on The Railway Series by the Reverend Wilbert Awdry, premieres on ITV.
- 1986 - The Phantom of the Opera, eventually the second longest running musical in London, opens at Her Majesty's Theatre.
- 1986 - Fox Broadcasting Company launches as the fourth US television network.
- 1992 - The Peekskill meteorite, a meteorite crashed into a parked car in Peekskill, New York
- 1995 - An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
- 2006 - North Korea conducts its first nuclear test.
- 2007 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its all-time high of 14,164 points before rapidly declining due to the 2008 financial crisis.
- 2009 - First lunar impact of NASA's Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.
- 2012 - Pakistani Taliban attempt to assassinate outspoken schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai.
- 2016 - The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army launches its first attack on Myanmar security forces along the Bangladesh–Myanmar border.
- 2019 - Turkey begins its military offensive in north-eastern Syria.
- 2024 - Hurricane Milton makes landfall in Siesta Key, Florida, as a Category 3 hurricane, causing US$34.3 billion in damage only two weeks after Hurricane Helene impacted the state.
Births
Pre-1600
- 1201 - Robert de Sorbon, French minister and theologian, founded the Collège de Sorbonne
- 1221 - Salimbene di Adam, Italian historian and scholar
- 1261 - Denis of Portugal
- 1328 - Peter I of Cyprus
- 1581 - Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician, poet, and scholar
- 1586 - Leopold V, Archduke of Austria
- 1593 - Nicolaes Tulp, Dutch anatomist and politician
1601–1900
- 1609 - Thomas Weston, 4th Earl of Portland, English noble
- 1623 - Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary in China
- 1704 - Johann Andreas Segner, German mathematician, physicist, and physician
- 1757 - Charles X of France
- 1796 - Joseph Bonomi the Younger, British Egyptologist and sculptor
- 1823 - Mary Ann Shadd, American-Canadian abolitionist
- 1826 - Agathon Meurman, Finnish politician and journalist
- 1835 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer and conductor
- 1837 - Francis Wayland Parker, American theorist and academic
- 1840 - Simeon Solomon, English painter
- 1845 - Carl Gustav Thulin, Swedish shipowner
- 1850 - Hermann von Ihering, German-Brazilian zoologist
- 1852 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1858 - Mihajlo Pupin, Serbian-American physicist and chemist
- 1859 - Alfred Dreyfus, French colonel
- 1863 - Edward Bok, Dutch-American journalist and author
- 1864 - Reginald Dyer, British brigadier general
- 1871 - Georges Gauthier, Canadian archbishop
- 1873 - Carl Flesch, Hungarian violinist and educator
- 1873 - Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer
- 1873 - Charles Rudolph Walgreen, American pharmacist and businessman, founded Walgreens
- 1874 - Nicholas Roerich, Russian archaeologist and painter
- 1877 - Gopabandhu Das, Indian journalist, poet, and activist
- 1879 - Max von Laue, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1880 - Charlie Faust, American baseball player
- 1883 - Maria Filotti, Greek-Romanian actress
- 1886 - Rube Marquard, American baseball player and manager
- 1888 - Nikolai Bukharin, Russian journalist and politician
- 1888 - Irving Cummings, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1890 - Aimee Semple McPherson, Canadian-American evangelist, founded the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
- 1892 - Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav novelist, poet, and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1893 - Mário de Andrade, Brazilian author, poet, and photographer
- 1895 - Eugene Bullard, American pilot
- 1897 - M. Bhaktavatsalam, Indian lawyer and politician, 6th Chief Minister of Madras State
- 1898 - Tawfiq al-Hakim, Egyptian author and playwright
- 1898 - Joe Sewell, American baseball player
- 1899 - Bruce Catton, American historian and author
- 1900 - Joseph Friedman, American inventor
- 1900 - Alastair Sim, Scottish-English actor and academic
- 1900 - Joseph Zubin, Lithuanian-American psychologist and academic
1901–present
- 1901 - Alice Lee Jemison, Seneca political activist and journalist
- 1902 - Freddie Young, English cinematographer
- 1903 - Walter O'Malley, American lawyer and businessman
- 1906 - J. R. Eyerman, American photographer and journalist
- 1906 - Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician, 1st President of Senegal
- 1907 - Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, English academic and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
- 1907 - Jacques Tati, French actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1907 - Horst Wessel, German SA officer
- 1908 - Harry Hooton, Australian poet and critic
- 1908 - Werner von Haeften, German lieutenant
- 1908 - Lee Wiley, American singer
- 1909 - Donald Coggan, English archbishop
- 1911 - Joe Rosenthal, American photographer
- 1914 - Edward Andrews, American actor
- 1915 - Clifford M. Hardin, American academic and politician, 17th United States Secretary of Agriculture
- 1915 - Belva Plain, American author
- 1918 - E. Howard Hunt, American CIA officer and author
- 1918 - Charles Read, Australian air marshal
- 1918 - Bebo Valdés, Cuban-Swedish pianist, composer, and bandleader
- 1920 - Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author and educator
- 1920 - Yusef Lateef, American saxophonist, composer, and educator
- 1920 - Jason Wingreen, American actor and screenwriter
- 1921 - Michel Boisrond, French director and screenwriter
- 1921 - Tadeusz Różewicz, Polish poet and playwright
- 1922 - Léon Dion, Canadian political scientist and academic
- 1922 - Fyvush Finkel, American actor
- 1922 - Olga Guillot, Cuban-American singer
- 1923 - Donald Sinden, English actor
- 1924 - Immanuvel Devendrar, Indian soldier
- 1924 - Arnie Risen, American basketball player
- 1926 - Danièle Delorme, French actress and producer
- 1927 - John Margetson, English scholar and diplomat, British Ambassador to the Netherlands
- 1928 - Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer and educator
- 1930 - Hank Lauricella, American football player, lieutenant, and politician
- 1931 - Tony Booth, English actor
- 1931 - Homer Smith, American football player and coach
- 1933 - Peter Mansfield, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1933 - Melvin Sokolsky, American fashion photographer
- 1933 - Bill Tidy, English soldier and cartoonist
- 1934 - Jill Ker Conway, Australian historian and author
- 1934 - Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer
- 1935 - Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
- 1935 - Don McCullin, English photographer and journalist
- 1936 - Brian Blessed, English actor
- 1936 - Mick Young, Australian politician
- 1938 - Heinz Fischer, Austrian academic and politician, 11th President of Austria
- 1938 - John Sutherland, English journalist, author, and academic
- 1939 - Nicholas Grimshaw, English architect and academic
- 1939 - John Pilger, Australian-English journalist, director, and producer
- 1939 - Stephen Sedley, English lawyer and judge
- 1939 - O. V. Wright, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1940 - Gordon J. Humphrey, American soldier, pilot, and politician
- 1940 - John Lennon, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1940 - Joe Pepitone, American baseball player and coach
- 1941 - Brian Lamb, American broadcaster, founded C-SPAN
- 1941 - Trent Lott, American lawyer and politician
- 1941 - Omali Yeshitela, political activist and founder of the Uhuru Movement
- 1942 - Michael Palmer, American physician and author
- 1943 - Douglas Kirby, American psychologist and author
- 1943 - Jimmy Montgomery, English footballer and coach
- 1943 - Mike Peters, American cartoonist
- 1944 - Rita Donaghy, Baroness Donaghy, English academic and politician
- 1944 - John Entwistle, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
- 1944 - Nona Hendryx, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
- 1945 - Amjad Ali Khan, Indian classical Sarod player
- 1945 - Taiguara, Uruguayan-Brazilian singer-songwriter
- 1947 - John Doubleday, English sculptor and painter
- 1947 - France Gall, French singer
- 1947 - William E. McAnulty Jr., American lawyer and judge
- 1947 - Tony Zappone, American photographer and journalist
- 1948 - Jackson Browne, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1948 - John Gray, English cricketer and rugby player
- 1949 - Mark Hopkinson, American mass murderer
- 1949 - Rod Temperton, English keyboard player, songwriter, and producer
- 1950 - Brian Downing, American baseball player
- 1950 - Yoshiyuki Konishi, Japanese fashion designer
- 1950 - Reichi Nakaido, Japanese singer and guitarist
- 1950 - Jody Williams, American academic and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1951 - Robert Wuhl, American actor, comedian, and writer
- 1952 - Simon Drew, English illustrator
- 1952 - Sharon Osbourne, English television host and manager
- 1952 - John Rose, English businessman
- 1952 - Dennis Stratton, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1953 - Sally Burgess, South African-English soprano and educator
- 1953 - Hank Pfister, American tennis player
- 1953 - Tony Shalhoub, American actor and producer
- 1954 - Scott Bakula, American actor
- 1954 - James Fearnley, English musician
- 1954 - Rubén Magnano, Argentine-Italian basketball coach
- 1954 - John O'Hurley, American actor and game show host
- 1955 - Linwood Boomer, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1955 - Steve Ovett, English runner and sportscaster
- 1955 - Peter Saville, English graphic designer and art director
- 1957 - Don Garber, American businessman
- 1957 - Ini Kamoze, Jamaican singer-songwriter
- 1958 - Al Jourgensen, Cuban-American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1958 - Alan Nunnelee, American lawyer and politician
- 1958 - Michael Paré, American actor
- 1958 - Mike Singletary, American football player and coach
- 1959 - Boris Nemtsov, Russian academic and politician, First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
- 1960 - Kenny Garrett, American saxophonist and composer
- 1961 - Julian Bailey, English race car driver and sportscaster
- 1961 - Kurt Neumann, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1961 - Ellen Wheeler, American actress, director, and producer
- 1962 - Jorge Burruchaga, Argentinian footballer and manager
- 1962 - Paul Radisich, New Zealand race car driver
- 1962 - Hugh Robertson, English soldier and politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
- 1962 - Ōnokuni Yasushi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 62nd Yokozuna
- 1963 - Andy Platt, English rugby league player
- 1964 - Guillermo del Toro, Mexican-American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1964 - Martín Jaite, Argentine tennis player
- 1965 - Jimbo Fisher, American football player and coach
- 1966 - David Cameron, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1966 - Christopher Östlund, Swedish publisher, founded Plaza Magazine
- 1967 - Carling Bassett-Seguso, Canadian tennis player
- 1967 - Eddie Guerrero, American wrestler
- 1967 - Gheorghe Popescu, Romanian footballer
- 1968 - Guto Bebb, Welsh businessman and politician
- 1968 - Anbumani Ramadoss, Indian politician
- 1969 - Darren Britt, Australian rugby league player
- 1969 - Simon Fairweather, Australian archer
- 1969 - PJ Harvey, English musician, singer-songwriter, writer, poet, and composer
- 1969 - Christine Hough, Canadian figure skater and coach
- 1969 - Giles Martin, English songwriter and producer
- 1969 - Steve McQueen, English director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1970 - Kenny Anderson, American basketball player and coach
- 1970 - Steve Jablonsky, American composer
- 1970 - Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer and architect
- 1971 - Wayne Bartrim, Australian rugby league player and coach
- 1971 - Sian Evans, Welsh singer
- 1973 - Steve Burns, American actor, television host and musician
- 1973 - Fabio Lione, Italian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1974 - Keith Booth, American basketball player and coach
- 1974 - Shmuel Herzfeld, American rabbi
- 1975 - Haylie Ecker, Australian violinist
- 1975 - Sean Lennon, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
- 1975 - Mark Viduka, Australian footballer
- 1976 - William Alexander, American author and educator
- 1976 - Stephen Neal, American football player
- 1976 - Lee Peacock, Scottish footballer and coach
- 1976 - Özlem Türköne, Turkish journalist and politician
- 1976 - Nick Swardson, American actor and comedian
- 1977 - Emanuele Belardi, Italian footballer
- 1977 - Brian Roberts, American baseball player
- 1978 - Nicky Byrne, Irish singer-songwriter
- 1978 - Juan Dixon, American basketball player and coach
- 1979 - Vernon Fox, American football player and coach
- 1979 - Alex Greenwald, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
- 1979 - Todd Kelly, Australian race car driver
- 1979 - Lecrae, American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor
- 1979 - Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1979 - Brandon Routh, American model and actor
- 1979 - Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
- 1980 - Lucy Akello, Ugandan social worker and politician
- 1980 - Filip Bobek, Polish actor
- 1980 - Sarah Lovell, Australian politician
- 1980 - Thami Tsolekile, South African cricketer
- 1980 - Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1981 - Zachery Ty Bryan, American actor
- 1981 - Darius Miles, American basketball player
- 1983 - Farhaan Behardien, South African cricketer
- 1983 - Trevor Daley, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1983 - Stephen Gionta, American ice hockey player
- 1983 - Spencer Grammer, American actress
- 1983 - Jang Mi-ran, South Korean weightlifter
- 1983 - Andreas Zuber, Austrian race car driver
- 1984 - Marie Kondo, Japanese author and television presenter
- 1985 - David Plummer, American swimmer
- 1986 - Derek Holland, American baseball player
- 1986 - Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
- 1986 - David Phelps, American baseball player
- 1986 - Jan Christian Vestre, Norwegian businessman and politician
- 1986 - Stephane Zubar, French footballer
- 1987 - Craig Brackins, American basketball player
- 1987 - Samantha Murray Sharan, British tennis player
- 1987 - Henry Walker, American basketball player
- 1988 - Starling Marte, Dominican baseball player
- 1988 - David Tyrrell, Australian rugby league player
- 1989 - Russell Packer, New Zealand rugby league player
- 1990 - Kevin Kampl, German-Slovene footballer
- 1990 - Jake Lamb, American baseball player
- 1992 - Jerian Grant, American basketball player
- 1992 - Sam Mewis, American soccer player
- 1992 - Tyler James Williams, American actor
- 1993 - Ani Amiraghyan, Armenian tennis player
- 1993 - Lauren Davis, American tennis player
- 1993 - Jayden Hodges, Australian rugby league player
- 1993 - George Kittle, American football player
- 1993 - Scotty McCreery, American singer and songwriter
- 1993 - Wesley So, Filipino-American chess grandmaster
- 1994 - Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress
- 1996 - Jacob Batalon, Filipino-American actor
- 1996 - Bella Hadid, American model
- 1997 - Jharrel Jerome, American actor
- 1997 - Megan Moroney, American singer-songwriter.
- 2000 - Penei Sewell, American football player
- 2001 - Kyla Leibel, Canadian swimmer
- 2002 - Ben Shelton, American tennis player