Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast, also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna, is an oblast in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately
History
The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937, out of territories of Vinnytsia and Kyiv oblasts as well as two [okrugs of the Ukrainian language|Ukrainian SSR|border okrugs] of Kyiv Oblast - Korosten Okrug and Novohrad-Volynsky Okrug.The oblast covers territories of the historic regions of Polesia, Volhynia, and Podolia, which are reflected on the oblast's coat of arms.
Before the 18th century the larger half of the oblast belonged to the Kyiv Voivodeship, while the smaller western half around the city of Zviahel belonged to the Volyn Voivodeship. Following the Treaty of Andrusovo, the city of Zhytomyr continued to act as an administrative center of the Kyiv Voivodeship.
Following the second partition of Poland, on the newly annexed territory was formed an oversized Izyaslav Vice-royalty which included former Polish territories in Volhynia, Podolia, and Kyiv land and centered in Izyaslav. However, a couple of years later the Russian Empire annexed more territories of the Polish Kingdom during the third partition of Poland, contributing to the complete disappearance of the Polish statehood. The Izyaslav Vice-royalty was reformed and the territory of today's Zhytomyr Oblast predominantly ended up in the Russian Volhynian Governorate and the city of Zviahel which was renamed as Novohrad-Volynskyi became its administrative center. Later the administrative center was transferred to the bigger city of Zhytomyr.
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Russian troops partly occupied the region. They were completely repulsed when the was declared liberated on 4 April 2022.
Geography
The total area of Zhytomyr Oblast is.Among the points of interest it is important to mention the following sites that were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine:
- Church of Saint Basil the Great
- Stone village state preserve
- Korolev Memorial Astronautical Museum
Population
The current estimated population of the oblast is 1,268,903.According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, ethnic Ukrainians accounted for 90.3% of the population of Zhytomyr Oblast, ethnic Russians for 5.0%, and ethnic Poles for 3.5%.
The current estimated population of the oblast is 1,268,903.
Language
Due to the Russification of Ukraine during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Zhytomyr Oblast gradually decreased between the 1970 and 1989 censuses, while the share of Russian speakers increased. Native language of the population of Zhytomyr Oblast according to the results of population censuses:| 1959 | 1970 | 1989 | 2001 | |
| Ukrainian | 83.2% | 89.6% | 87.2% | 93.0% |
| Russian | 8.9% | 9.4% | 12.0% | 6.6% |
| Other | 7.9% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.4% |
Native language of the population of the raions and cities of Zhytomyr Oblast according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:
| Ukrainian | Russian | |
| Zhytomyr Oblast | 93.0% | 6.6% |
| City of Zhytomyr | 83.2% | 16.3% |
| City of Berdychiv | 89.0% | 10.6% |
| City of Korosten | 86.7% | 12.7% |
| City of Novohrad-Volynskyi | 89.4% | 10.0% |
| Andrushivka Raion | 97.7% | 2.0% |
| Baranivka Raion | 98.5% | 1.3% |
| Berdychiv Raion | 98.0% | 1.8% |
| Brusyliv Raion | 97.0% | 2.7% |
| Khoroshiv Raion | 96.2% | 3.5% |
| Romaniv Raion | 98.1% | 1.6% |
| Yemilchyne Raion | 98.4% | 1.5% |
| Zhytomyr Raion | 93.6% | 6.1% |
| Korosten Raion | 97.8% | 1.7% |
| Korostyshiv Raion | 94.8% | 4.9% |
| Luhyny Raion | 98.3% | 1.4% |
| Liubar Raion | 98.8% | 1.1% |
| Malyn Raion | 96.3% | 3.2% |
| Narodychi Raion | 97.1% | 1.8% |
| Novohrad-Volynskyi Raion | 98.5% | 1.4% |
| Ovruch Raion | 95.9% | 3.5% |
| Olevsk Raion | 98.2% | 1.3% |
| Popilnia Raion | 97.3% | 2.1% |
| Radomyshl Raion | 97.2% | 2.5% |
| Ruzhyn Raion | 98.7% | 1.1% |
| Pulyny Raion | 98.3% | 1.5% |
| Cherniakhiv Raion | 98.6% | 1.3% |
| Chudniv Raion | 97.8% | 2.0% |
Ukrainian is the only official language on the whole territory of Zhytomyr Oblast.
On 20 December 2018, a moratorium on the public use of Russian-language cultural products was imposed in Zhytomyr Oblast by a decision of the Zhytomyr Oblast Council.
According to a poll conducted by Rating from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 74% of the residents of Zhytomyr Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 14% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 9% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 3% found it difficult to answer.
On 18 November 2022, Zhytomyr Oblast Military Administration approved the «Oblast programme for the development of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of public life in Zhytomyr Oblast for 2022—2025», the main objective of which is to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast.
According to the research of the Content Analysis Centre, conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of social media, 84.0% of posts from Zhytomyr Oblast were written in Ukrainian, while 16.0% were written in Russian.
After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Zhytomyr Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual Ukrainization of the education system, which had been Russified during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the languages of instruction in general secondary education institutions in Zhytomyr Oblast:
| Language of instruction, % of pupils | 1991— 1992 | 1992— 1993 | 1993— 1994 | 1994— 1995 | 1995— 1996 | 2000— 2001 | 2005— 2006 | 2007— 2008 | 2010— 2011 | 2012— 2013 | 2015— 2016 | 2018— 2019 | 2021— 2022 | 2022— 2023 |
| Ukrainian | 76.7% | 79.1% | 82.7% | 85.1% | 86.0% | 96.0% | 99.0% | 99.0% | 99.0% | 99.0% | 99.5% | 99.7% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Russian | 23.3% | 20.9% | 17.2% | 14.9% | 14.0% | 4.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.3% | — | — |
According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the 2023—2024 school year, all 133,037 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Zhytomyr Oblast were studying in classes where Ukrainian was the language of instruction.
Economy
The economy of Zhytomyr Oblast mostly deals with mining of granite and other construction stone, forestry, agriculture and various machinery manufacturing.The northern part of the province is highly affected by the Chernobyl disaster: some of the towns and raions are devastated and are included in the Chernobyl zone, while others are prohibited from producing their own agriculture.
Administrative divisions
Zhytomyr Oblast is subdivided into 4 raions.The districts of Zhytomyr oblast include:
Important cities and settlements
List of biggest populated places of Zhytomyr Oblast with population in thousands:- Zhytomyr – 266.9
- Berdychiv – 73.0
- Korosten – 63.5
- Zviahel – 56.3
- Malyn – 26.2
- Korostyshiv – 25.4
- Ovruch – 15.8
- Radomyshl – 14.6
- Baranivka – 11.8
- Olevsk – 10.5