Outline of software engineering


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:
Software engineering - application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.
The ACM Computing Classification system is a poly-hierarchical ontology that organizes the topics of the field and can be used in semantic web applications and as a de facto standard classification system for the field. The major section "Software and its Engineering" provides an outline and ontology for software engineering.

Software applications

engineers build software that people use.
Applications influence software engineering by pressuring developers to solve problems in new ways. For example, consumer software emphasizes low cost, medical software emphasizes high quality, and Internet commerce software emphasizes rapid development.
  • Business software
  • *Accounting software
  • Analytics
  • *Data mining closely related to database
  • *Decision support systems
  • Airline reservations
  • Banking
  • *Automated teller machines
  • *Cheque processing
  • *Credit cards
  • Commerce
  • *Trade
  • *Auctions
  • *Reverse auctions
  • *Bar code scanners
  • Compilers
  • *Parsers
  • *Compiler optimization
  • *Interpreters
  • *Linkers
  • *Loaders
  • Communication
  • *E-mail
  • *Instant messengers
  • *VOIP
  • *Calendars — scheduling and coordinating
  • *Contact managers
  • Computer graphics
  • *Animation
  • *Special effects for video and film
  • *Editing
  • *Post-processing
  • Cryptography
  • Databases, support almost every field
  • Embedded systems Both software engineers and traditional engineers write software control systems for embedded products.
  • *Automotive software
  • *Avionics software
  • *Heating ventilating and air conditioning software
  • *Medical device software
  • *Telephony
  • *Telemetry
  • Engineering All traditional engineering branches use software extensively. Engineers use spreadsheets, more than they ever used calculators. Engineers use custom software tools to design, analyze, and simulate their own projects, like bridges and power lines. These projects resemble software in many respects, because the work exists as electronic documents and goes through analysis, design, implementation, and testing phases. Software tools for engineers use the tenets of computer science; as well as the tenets of calculus, physics, and chemistry.
  • *Computer Aided Design
  • *Electronic Design Automation
  • *Numerical Analysis
  • *Simulation
  • File
  • *FTP
  • *File sharing
  • *File synchronization
  • Finance
  • *Bond market
  • *Futures market
  • *Stock market
  • Games
  • *Poker
  • *Multiuser Dungeons
  • *Video games
  • Information systems, support almost every field
  • *LIS Management of laboratory data
  • *MIS Management of financial and personnel data
  • Logistics
  • *Supply chain management
  • Manufacturing
  • *Computer Aided Manufacturing
  • *Distributed Control Systems
  • Music
  • *Music sequencers
  • *Sound effects
  • *Music synthesis
  • Network Management
  • *Network management system
  • *Element Management System
  • *Operations Support System
  • *Business Support Systems
  • Networks and Internet
  • *Domain Name System
  • *Protocols
  • *Routers
  • Office suites
  • *Word processors
  • *Spreadsheets
  • *Presentations
  • Operating systems
  • *Embedded
  • *Graphical
  • *Multitasking
  • *Real-time
  • Robotics
  • Signal processing, encoding and interpreting signals
  • *Image processing, encoding and interpreting visual information
  • *Speech processing
  • *Text recognition
  • *Handwriting recognition
  • Simulation, supports almost every field.
  • *Engineering, A software simulation can be cheaper to build and more flexible to change than a physical engineering model.
  • *Sciences
  • Sciences
  • *Genomics
  • Traffic Control
  • *Air traffic control
  • *Ship traffic control
  • *Road traffic control
  • Training
  • *Drill
  • *Simulation
  • *Testing
  • Visualization, supports almost every field
  • *Architecture
  • *Engineering
  • *Sciences
  • Voting
  • World Wide Web
  • *Browsers
  • *Servers

    Software engineering topics

Programming paradigm, based on a programming language technology

  • Object-oriented programming
  • Aspect-oriented programming
  • Functional decomposition
  • Structured programming
  • Rule-based programming

    Databases

  • Hierarchical
  • Object
  • Relational
  • SQL/XML
  • SQL
  • NoSQL

    Graphical user interfaces

  • GTK+ GIMP Toolkit
  • wxWidgets
  • Ultimate++
  • Qt toolkit
  • FLTK

    Programming tools

  • Configuration management and source code management
  • *CVS
  • *Subversion
  • *Git
  • *Mercurial
  • *RCS
  • *GNU Arch
  • *LibreSource Synchronizer
  • *Team Foundation Server
  • *Visual Studio Team Services
  • Build tools
  • *Make
  • *Rake
  • *Cabal
  • *Ant
  • *CADES
  • *Nant
  • *Maven
  • *Final Builder
  • *Gradle
  • *Team Foundation Server
  • *Visual Studio Team Services
  • *Visual Build Pro
  • Editors
  • *Integrated development environments
  • *Text editors
  • *Word processors
  • Parser creation tools
  • * Yacc/Bison
  • Static code analysis tools

    Libraries

  • Component-based software engineering

    Design languages

  • Unified Modeling Language

    Patterns, document many common programming and project management techniques

  • Anti-patterns
  • Patterns

    Processes and methodologies

  • Agile
  • *Agile software development
  • *Extreme programming
  • *Lean software development
  • *Rapid application development
  • *Rational Unified Process
  • *Scrum
  • Heavyweight
  • *Cleanroom
  • *ISO/IEC 12207 — software life cycle processes
  • *ISO 9000 and ISO 9001
  • Process Models
  • *CMM and CMMI/SCAMPI
  • *ISO 15504
  • Metamodels
  • *ISO/IEC 24744
  • *SPEM

    Platforms

A platform combines computer hardware and an operating system. As platforms grow more powerful and less costly, applications and tools grow more widely available.
  • BREW
  • Cray supercomputers
  • DEC minicomputers
  • IBM mainframes
  • Linux PCs
  • Classic Mac OS and macOS PCs
  • Microsoft.NET
  • Palm PDAs
  • Sun Microsystems Solaris
  • Windows PCs
  • Symbian OS

    Other Practices

  • Communication
  • Method engineering
  • Pair programming
  • Performance Engineering
  • Programming productivity
  • Refactoring
  • Software inspections/Code reviews
  • Software reuse
  • Systems integration
  • Teamwork

    Other tools

  • Decision tables
  • Feature
  • User stories
  • Use cases

    Computer science topics

Skilled software engineers know a lot of computer science including what is possible and impossible, and what is easy and hard for software.
  • Algorithms, well-defined methods for solving specific problems.
  • *Searching
  • *Sorting
  • *Parsing
  • *Numerical analysis
  • Compiler theory
  • *Yacc/Bison
  • Data structures, well-defined methods for storing and retrieving data.
  • *Lists
  • *Trees
  • *Hash tables
  • Computability, some problems cannot be solved at all
  • *List of unsolved problems in computer science
  • *Halting problem
  • Complexity, some problems are solvable in principle, yet unsolvable in practice
  • *NP completeness
  • *Computational complexity theory
  • Formal methods
  • *Proof of correctness
  • *Program synthesis
  • Adaptive Systems
  • *Neural Networks
  • *Evolutionary Algorithms

    Mathematics topics

is a key foundation of software engineering.
  • Number representation
  • Set
  • Bags
  • Graphs
  • *Sequences
  • *Trees
  • *Graph
  • Logic
  • *Deduction
  • *First-order logic
  • *Higher-order logic
  • *Combinatory logic
  • Induction
  • Combinatorics
Other
  • Domain knowledge
  • Statistics
  • Decision theory
  • Type theory

    Life cycle phases

  • Development life cycle phase
  • *Requirements gathering / analysis
  • *Software architecture
  • *Computer programming
  • *Testing, detects bugs
  • **Black box testing
  • **White box testing
  • *Quality assurance, ensures compliance with process.
  • Product Life cycle phase and Project lifecycle
  • *Inception
  • *First development
  • *Major release
  • *Minor release
  • *Bug fix release
  • *Maintenance
  • *Obsolescence
  • Release development stage, near the end of a release cycle
  • *Alpha
  • *Beta
  • *Gold master
  • *1.0; 2.0
  • Software development lifecycle
  • *Waterfall model — Structured programming and Stepwise refinement
  • *SSADM
  • *Spiral model — Iterative development
  • *V-model
  • *Agile software development
  • *DSDM
  • *Chaos model — Chaos strategy

    Deliverables

Deliverables must be developed for many SE projects. Software engineers rarely make all of these deliverables themselves. They usually cooperate with the writers, trainers, installers, marketers, technical support people, and others who make many of these deliverables.
  • Application software — the software
  • Database — schemas and data.
  • Documentation, online and/or print, FAQ, Readme, release notes, Help, for each role
  • *User
  • *Administrator
  • *Manager
  • *Buyer
  • Administration and Maintenance policy, what should be backed-up, checked, configured,...
  • Installers
  • Migration
  • *Upgrade from previous installations
  • *Upgrade from competitor's installations
  • Training materials, for each role
  • *User
  • *Administrator
  • *Manager
  • *Buyer
  • Support info for computer support groups.
  • Marketing and sales materials
  • *White papers, explain the technologies used in the applications

    Business roles

  • Operations
  • *Users
  • *Administrators
  • *Managers
  • *Buyers
  • Development
  • *Analysts
  • *Programmers
  • *Testers
  • *Managers
  • Business
  • *Consulting — customization and installation of applications
  • *Sales
  • *Marketing
  • *Legal — contracts, intellectual property rights
  • *Privacy and Privacy engineering
  • *Support — helping customers use applications
  • *Personnel — hiring and training qualified personnel
  • *Finance — funding new development
  • Academe
  • *Educators
  • *Researchers