Outline of India


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to India:
Republic of India - the seventh-largest country by area, located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. India was home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, and is the birthplace of four major world religions: Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism in India|Buddhism], Jainism. It is also home to followers of Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism.. From 1857 to 1947, India was under British rule. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence, and underwent a violent partition, which split the erstwhile British Raj into the independent countries of India and Pakistan,. As of June 2025, India is the most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. It is recognised as the world's largest democracy by population and has emerged as the globally.

General reference

Geography of India

India covers an area of 3,287,263 sq. km, extending from the snow-covered Himalayas in the north to the tropical rainforests in the south. Bounded by the Great Himalayas in the north, the country stretches southward and tapers into the Indian Ocean at the Tropic of Cancer, flanked by the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west.
Lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, India’s mainland spans latitudes 8°4' to 37°6' N and longitudes 68°7' to 97°25' E. It measures about 3,214 km from north to south and approximately 2,933 km from east to west. The land frontier is about 15,200 km long, and the total coastline; including the mainland, Lakshadweep, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands is 7,516.6 km.
India shares borders with Afghanistan and Pakistan to the northwest; China, Bhutan, and Nepal to the north; Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh to the east of West Bengal. Sri Lanka lies to the south, separated by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.

Physical divisions of India

Based on these macro variations, India can be divided into the following physiographic divisions:
  1. The Northern and North-eastern Mountains - The North and Northeastern Mountains consist of the Himalayas and the Northeastern hills. Some important ranges are Great Himalayan Range, Karakoram ranges and the northeast mountain ranges.
  2. The Northern Plain - Located south of the Himalayas, the northern plains are formed by the deposition of sediments from Himalayan rivers Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. It is further divided intro Babhar, Tarai, Alluvial plains further dividing into Khadar & Bhangar.
  3. The Peninsular Plateau - Rising from the height of 150 m above the river plains up to an elevation of 600-900 m is the irregular triangle known as the Peninsular plateau. It is one of the oldest and the most stable landmass of India. Delhi ridge in the northwest,, the Rajmahal hills in the east, Gir range in the west and the Cardamom hills in the south constitute the outer extent of the Peninsular plateau. However, an extension of this is also seen in the northeast, in the form of Shillong and Karbi-Anglong plateau. It is made up of series of patland plateaus such as the Hazaribagh plateau, the Palamu plateau, the Ranchi plateau, the Malwa plateau, the Coimbatore plateau and the Karnataka plateau, etc. On the basis of the prominent relief features, the Peninsular plateau can be divided into three broad groups: The Deccan Plateau The Central Highlands The Northeastern Plateau.
  4. The Indian Desert - To the northwest of the Aravali hills lies the Great Indian desert also known as Thar Desert.
  5. The Coastal Plains - It is broadly classified into Eastern coastal plains and Western coastal plains
  6. The Islands - There are two major island groups in India; one in the Bay of Bengal named Andaman & Nicobar Islands and the other in the Arabian Sea named Lakshadweep.

Geographic features of India

File:Indian Ocean bathymetry srtm.png|thumb|Indian Ocean bathymetry SRTM

Environment of India

Administrative divisions of India

Administrative divisional structure of India
States and union territories of India
1. Andhra Pradesh13. Madhya Pradesh25. Tripura
2. Arunachal Pradesh14. Maharashtra26. Uttar Pradesh
3. Assam15. Manipur27. Uttarakhand
4. Bihar16. Meghalaya28. West Bengal
5. Chhattisgarh17. MizoramA. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
6. Goa18. NagalandB. Chandigarh
7. Gujarat19. OdishaC. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
8. Haryana20. PunjabD. Jammu and Kashmir
9. Himachal Pradesh21. RajasthanE. Ladakh
10. Jharkhand22. SikkimF. Lakshadweep
11. Karnataka
23. Tamil NaduG. Delhi
12. Kerala24.TelanganaH. Puducherry

States and union territories of India
Municipalities of India

Demography of India

Government and politics of India

Socio-economic issues in India

Branches of the government of India

Executive of the government of India

Legislature of the government of India

Judiciary of the government of India

Foreign relations of India

International organisation membership

The Republic of India is a member of:

Law and order in India

National law enforcement agencies

All India Service for policing – Indian Police Service

Armed forces of India

Government of states

Legislative Assembly elections by states

  1. Elections in Andhra Pradesh
  2. Elections in Arunachal Pradesh
  3. Elections in Assam
  4. Elections in Bihar
  5. Elections in Chhattisgarh
  6. Elections in Delhi
  7. Elections in Goa
  8. Elections in Gujarat
  9. Elections in Haryana
  10. Elections in Himachal Pradesh
  11. Elections in Jammu and Kashmir
  12. Elections in Jharkhand
  13. Elections in Karnataka
  14. Elections in Kerala
  15. Elections in Madhya Pradesh
  16. Elections in Maharashtra
  17. Elections in Manipur
  18. Elections in Meghalaya
  19. Elections in Mizoram
  20. Elections in Nagaland
  21. Elections in Odisha
  22. Elections in Puducherry
  23. Punjab (India)|Elections in Punjab]
  24. Elections in Rajasthan
  25. Elections in Sikkim
  26. Tamil Nadu">Tamil cuisine">Tamil Nadu
  27. Elections in Telangana
  28. Elections in Tripura
  29. Elections in Uttar Pradesh
  30. Elections in Uttarakhand
  31. Elections in West Bengal

History of India

History of India by period

History of India by subject

Culture of India

Cuisine of India

Cuisine by regions

The arts in India

Architecture of India

Cinema of India


Music of India


Literature of India


Sports in India

Multi-sport events

General topics

Specific sports

Major Sports Leagues

Economy and infrastructure of India

Education in India

RankingName of UniversityCityState
1Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka
2Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiDelhi
3Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiDelhi
4Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka
5Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh
6University of DelhiDelhiDelhi
7Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreTamil Nadu
8Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhUttar Pradesh
9Jadavpur UniversityKolkataWest Bengal
10Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil Nadu

Tourism in India



Tourist attractions

Tourism in states

List of tourism in different states of India

Government

  • of the Government of India
  • of Indian Government websites

General reference

Other