List of Indian musical instruments

Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones, aerophones, membranophones and idiophones.

[Chordophones]

Bowed strings">Bowed string instrument">Bowed strings

Other string instruments

Gethu or Jhallari – struck tanpura
Gubguba or Jamuku
Pulluvan kutam
Santoor – Hammered dulcimer

[Aerophones]

Single reed

Pepa
Pungi or Been

Double reed

Kuzhal
Mukhavina
Nadaswaram
Shehnai
Sundari
Tangmuri

Flute

Bagpipes

Free reed

Free reed and bellows

Brass

Bigul – see Bugle
Ekkalam
Karnal
Kombu (instrument)
Ramsinga
Kahal
Nagfani
Turi
Tutari

[Membranophones]

Hand frame drums

Daf, duf, or dafli – medium or large frame drum without jingles, of Persian origin
Dubki, dimdi or dimri – small frame drum without jingles
Kanjira – small frame drum with one jingle
Kansi – small drum without jingles
Patayani thappu – medium frame drum played with hands

Stick and hand drums

Stick drums

Chande
Davul
Kachhi Dhol
Nagara – pair of kettledrums
Pambai – unit of two cylindrical drums
Parai thappu, halgi – frame drum played with two sticks
Sambal
Stick daff or stick duff – daff in a stand played with sticks
Tamak'
Tasha – type of kettledrum
Thavanadai, Davandai
Timki
Urumee

Idiophones

Chimta – fire tong with brass jingles
Chengila – metal disc
Elathalam
Geger – brass vessel
Ghanti – Northern Indian bell
Ghatam and Matkam
Ghungroo
Khartal or Chiplya
Manjira or jhanj or taal
Nut – clay pot
Sankarjang – lithophone
Thali – metal plate
Thattukazhi mannai
Yakshagana bells

Melodic

Jal tarang, ceramic bowls with water
Kanch tarang, a type of glass harp
Loh tarang, a set of tuned gongs
Kashtha tarang, a type of xylophone

Hand harmonium

Dwarkanath Ghose modified the French pedal harmonium.

Electronic