List of ecoregions in India

Ecoregions of the world, spanning all land area of the planet, were first defined and mapped in 2001 and subsequently revised in 2017. Later, freshwater ecoregions and marine ecoregions of the world were identified. Within India, there are 46 terrestrial ecoregions, 14 freshwater ecoregions, and 6 marine ecoregions.

Terrestrial ecoregions

The terrestrial ecoregions of the world include 45 ecoregions that fall entirely or partly within the boundaries of India. These ecoregions fall within two biogeographic realms: Indomalayan and Palearctic. They also fall under ten biomes: Deserts and Xeric Shrublands, Flooded Grasslands and Savannas, Mangroves, Montane Grasslands and Shrublands, Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests, Temperate Conifer Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands, and Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests. The ecoregion Rock and Ice is not included under any specific biome or biogeographic realm.

Ecoregion	State or union territories	Biome	Realm
Andaman Islands rain forests	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests	Arunachal Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests	Assam	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests	Meghalaya	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests	Nagaland	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe	Jammu and Kashmir	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Andhra Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Chhattisgarh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Jharkhand	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Odisha	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	Telangana	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan moist deciduous forests	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests	Bihar	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests	Sikkim	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests	Uttarakhand	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Assam	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Bihar	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Jharkhand	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Odisha	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Tripura	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Malabar Coast moist forests	Goa	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Malabar Coast moist forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Malabar Coast moist forests	Kerala	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Malabar Coast moist forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Malabar Coast moist forests	Tamil Nadu	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests	Lakshadweep	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Meghalaya subtropical forests	Assam	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Meghalaya subtropical forests	Meghalaya	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Meghalaya subtropical forests	Tripura	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Meghalaya subtropical forests	Nagaland	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests	Assam	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests	Manipur	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests	Mizoram	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests	Nagaland	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests	Tripura	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Nicobar Islands rain forests	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Goa	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Gujarat	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats montane rain forests	Goa	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats montane rain forests	Gujarat	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats montane rain forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Western Ghats montane rain forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Odisha semi-evergreen forests	Andhra Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Odisha semi-evergreen forests	Odisha	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Kerala	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests	Tamil Nadu	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Western Ghats montane rain forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Western Ghats montane rain forests	Kerala	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Western Ghats montane rain forests	Tamil Nadu	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Bihar	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Delhi	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Haryana	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Himachal Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Rajasthan	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests	Uttarakhand	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Andhra Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Chhattisgarh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Telangana	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	Bihar	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	Chhattisgarh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	Jharkhand	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	Odisha	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan dry evergreen forests	Andhra Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan dry evergreen forests	Puducherry	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
East Deccan dry evergreen forests	Tamil Nadu	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Gujarat	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Haryana	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Rajasthan	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests	Chhattisgarh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests	Gujarat	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests	Madhya Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests	Maharashtra	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert	Jammu and Kashmir	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
North Deccan dry deciduous forests	Chhattisgarh	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
North Deccan dry deciduous forests	Odisha	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Karnataka	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests	Tamil Nadu	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical pine forests	Himachal Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical pine forests	Jammu and Kashmir	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical pine forests	Sikkim	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical pine forests	Uttarakhand	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Himalayan subtropical pine forests	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests	Manipur	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests	Nagaland	Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests	Arunachal Pradesh	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests	Assam	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests	Nagaland	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests	Sikkim	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests	West Bengal	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests	Himachal Pradesh	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests	Jammu and Kashmir	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests	Punjab	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests	Uttarakhand	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Arunachal Pradesh	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Sikkim	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	West Bengal	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Himachal Pradesh	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Jammu and Kashmir	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Ladakh	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Uttarakhand	Temperate coniferous forests	Indomalayan
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands	Assam	Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands	Indomalayan
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands	Bihar	Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands	Indomalayan
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands	Uttar Pradesh	Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands	Indomalayan
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands	Uttarakhand	Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands	Indomalayan
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands	West Bengal	Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands	Indomalayan
Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh	Gujarat	Flooded grasslands and savannas	Indomalayan
Deccan thorn scrub forests	Andhra Pradesh	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Deccan thorn scrub forests	Karnataka	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Deccan thorn scrub forests	Madhya Pradesh	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Deccan thorn scrub forests	Maharashtra	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Deccan thorn scrub forests	Tamil Nadu	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Deccan thorn scrub forests	Telangana	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Chandigarh	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Delhi	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Gujarat	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Haryana	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Himachal Pradesh	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Jammu and Kashmir	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Punjab	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Aravalli west thorn scrub forests	Rajasthan	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Thar Desert	Gujarat	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Thar Desert	Haryana	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Thar Desert	Rajasthan	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Indomalayan
Godavari–Krishna mangroves	Andhra Pradesh	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Godavari–Krishna mangroves	Odisha	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Godavari–Krishna mangroves	Tamil Nadu	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves	Gujarat	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves	Maharashtra	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Sundarbans mangroves	West Bengal	Mangrove	Indomalayan
Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests	Arunachal Pradesh	Temperate coniferous forests	Palearctic
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Arunachal Pradesh	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Sikkim	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Karakoram–West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe	Ladakh	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Himachal Pradesh	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Jammu and Kashmir	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Ladakh	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Himachal Pradesh	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows	Uttarakhand	Montane grasslands and shrublands	Palearctic
Baluchistan xeric woodlands	Punjab	Deserts and xeric shrublands	Palearctic

Freshwater ecoregions

Freshwater ecoregions of the world have been defined as "a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems with a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species. The freshwater species, dynamics, and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ecoregions, and together form a conservation unit." The following 14 freshwater ecoregions occur within India.

Upper Indus
Indus Himalayan Foothills
Lower and Middle Indus
Ganges Himalayan Foothills
Middle Brahmaputra
Chin Hills–Arakan Coast
Ganges Delta and Plain
Narmada–Tapti
Northern Deccan Plateau
Southern Deccan Plateau
Southeastern Ghats
Western Ghats
Andaman Islands
Nicobar Islands

Marine ecoregions

Marine ecoregions of the world have been described across the worlds oceans and seas. India's seas are in the Western Indo-Pacific marine realm. This includes the following four provinces and six marine ecoregions. West and South Indian Shelf province

* Western India
* South India and Sri LankaCentral Indian Ocean Islands province
* MaldivesBay of Bengal province
* Eastern India
* Northern Bay of BengalAndaman province
* Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Global 200 ecoregions in India

The following are the ecoregions in India that are included in the Global 200 ecoregions: