Demographics of India

India is the most populous country in the world, comprising approximately one-sixth of the world population. According to the United Nations' World Population Dashboard, India's population reached slightly over 1.428 billion in April 2023, surpassing China.
India remains a relatively young country, though it is undergoing a gradual demographic transition. As of 2024, the median age is approximately 29.8 years, compared to 40.2 in China. The United Nations Population Fund estimates that 68% of the population is between 15 and 64 years old, creating a potential "demographic dividend" where a large working-age population can drive economic growth. However, the number of children is declining; the under-5 population peaked in 2007 and the under-15 cohort peaked in 2011.
Between 1975 and 2010, the population doubled to 1.2 billion. While the population continues to grow, the rate has slowed significantly from 2.3% annually to roughly 0.89% in 2023. Current projections suggest the population will reach 1.7 billion by 2050.
India is highly diverse, hosting thousands of ethnic groups and four major language families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic, and Tibeto-Burman. The country also includes linguistic isolates such as Nihali and Burushaski, and distinct minority communities including Anglo-Indians and Siddi.
The human sex ratio has shown an upward trend after decades of decline, reaching 943 females per 1,000 males in 2011 and estimated at 1,060 males per 1,000 females in 2023.

History

Prehistory to early 19th century

The following table lists estimates for the population of India from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.

Population of India over time

India's population has changed significantly due to migrations, technological advancements, and societal developments. Below is a table of historical population estimates:
Estimated Population of India

Era	Year	Estimated Population	Growth Rate
Classical India	100 AD	52,748,932	+2.8%
Classical India	200 AD	54,902,817	+4.1%
Classical India	300 AD	57,654,213	+5.0%
Classical India	400 AD	60,834,921	+5.5%
Classical India	500 AD	64,291,782	+5.7%
Early Medieval India	600 AD	68,102,304	+5.9%
Early Medieval India	700 AD	71,837,610	+5.5%
Early Medieval India	800 AD	75,983,210	+5.8%
Early Medieval India	900 AD	81,274,936	+7.0%
Early Medieval India	1000 AD	86,732,843	+6.7%
Delhi Sultanate	1100 AD	91,403,287	+5.4%
Delhi Sultanate	1200 AD	96,289,634	+5.4%
Delhi Sultanate	1300 AD	101,984,726	+5.9%
Delhi Sultanate	1400 AD	111,209,832	+9.1%
Mughal Empire	1500 AD	121,847,294	+9.6%
Mughal Empire	1600 AD	136,204,781	+11.8%
Mughal Empire	1700 AD	161,874,263	+18.9%
Mughal Empire	1800 AD	186,432,976	+15.2%
Colonial Period	1810	190,000,000	+2.1%
Colonial Period	1820	195,000,000	+2.6%
Colonial Period	1830	200,000,000	+2.6%
Colonial Period	1840	205,000,000	+2.5%
Colonial Period	1850	210,000,000	+2.4%
British Raj	1860	215,000,000	+2.4%
British Raj	1870	220,000,000	+2.3%
British Raj	1881	253,891,821	+15.4%
British Raj	1891	287,223,431	+13.1%
British Raj	1901	317,318,032	+10.5%
British Raj	1911	317,369,222	+0.02%
British Raj	1921	318,866,673	+0.46%
British Raj	1931	337,515,000	+5.8%
British Raj	1941	389,000,000	+15.3%
Post-independence India	1951	361,088,000	-7.18%
Post-independence India	1961	439,235,000	+21.7%
Post-independence India	1971	548,159,652	+24.8%
Post-independence India	1981	683,329,097	+24.7%
Post-independence India	1991	846,387,888	+24.0%
Post-independence India	2001	1,028,610,328	+21.5%
Post-independence India	2011	1,210,854,977	+17.9%
Post-independence India	2021	1,390,537,387	+14.9%
Post-independence India	-	-	-

The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the classical era up to 500 AD, and then became largely stagnant during the early medieval era era up to 1000 AD. The population growth rate then increased in the late medieval era from 1000 to 1500.
Under the Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. These estimates by Abraham Eraly and Paolo Malanima have been criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations and estimates urbanisation of the Mughal Empire to be less than 9% of the population.
Under the reign of Akbar in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb.

Late 19th century to early 20th century

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire years. Sources: Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation.

Years	1880	1881	1882	1883	1884	1885	1886	1887	1888	1889	1890	1902
Total Fertility Rate in India	5.95	5.92	5.89	5.86	5.82	5.79	4.38	5.76	5.76	5.75	5.75	5.75

Years	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930
Total Fertility Rate in India	5.761	5.77	5.78	5.79	5.8	5.81	5.82	5.83	5.85	5.86

Life expectancy from 1881 to 1950

Years	1881	1891	1901	1905	1911	1915	1921	1925	1931	1935	1941	1950
Life expectancy in India	25.4	24.3	23.5	24.0	23.2	24.0	24.9	27.6	29.3	31.0	32.6	35.4

The population of India under the British Raj according to censuses:

Census year	Population	Growth
1871
1881		6.3
1891		13.1
1901		2.2
1911		7.4
1921		1.2
1931		10.6
1941		10.2

Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and death rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a million, and the three cities with populations over eight million: Delhi, Greater Mumbai, and Kolkata.
Mortality rates fell in the period 1920–45, primarily due to biological immunisation. Suggestions that it was the benefits of colonialism are refuted by academic thinking: "There can be no serious, informed belief... that... late colonial era mortality diminished and population grew rapidly because of improvements in income, living standards, nutrition, environmental standards, sanitation or health policies, nor was there a cultural transformation...".

Languages

Rank	Language	Language Family	Speakers	Speakers	Speakers	Speakers	Speakers
1	Hindi	Indo-Aryan	202,767,971	257,749,009	329,505,193	422,048,642	528,347,193
2	Bengali	Indo-Aryan	44,792,312	51,298,319	69,595,738	83,369,769	97,237,669
3	Telugu	Dravidian	44,756,923	50,624,611	66,017,615	74,002,856	81,127,740
4	Marathi	Indo-Aryan	41,765,190	49,452,922	62,481,681	71,936,894	83,026,680
5	Tamil	Dravidian	37,690,106	-	53,006,368	60,793,814	69,026,881
6	Urdu	Indo-Aryan	28,620,895	34,941,435	43,406,932	51,536,111	50,772,631
7	Gujarati	Indo-Aryan	25,865,012	33,063,267	40,695,370	46,091,617	55,492,554
8	Kannada	Dravidian	21,710,649	25,697,146	32,753,676	37,924,011	43,706,512
9	Malayalam	Dravidian	21,938,760	25,700,705	30,377,176	33,066,392	34,838,819
10	Odia	Indo-Aryan	19,863,198	23,021,528	28,061,313	33,017,446	37,521,324
11	Punjabi	Indo-Aryan	14,108,443	19,611,199	23,378,744	29,102,477	33,124,726
12	Assamese	Indo-Aryan	8,959,558	-	13,079,696	13,168,484	15,311,351
13	Maithili	Indo-Aryan	6,130,026	7,522,265	7,766,921	12,179,122	13,583,464
14	Bhili/Bhilodi Non-scheduled	Indo-Aryan	3,399,285	4,293,314	5,572,308	9,582,957	10,413,637
15	Santali	Austro-Asiatic	3,786,899	4,332,511	5,216,325	6,469,600	7,368,192
16	Kashmiri	Indo-Aryan	2,495,487	3,176,975	-	5,527,698	6,797,587
17	Nepali	Indo-Aryan	1,419,835	1,360,636	2,076,645	2,871,749	2,926,168
18	Gondi Non-scheduled	Dravidian	1,688,284	1,913,262	2,124,852	2,713,790	2,984,453
19	Sindhi	Indo-Aryan	1,676,875	2,044,389	2,122,848	2,535,485	2,772,264
20	Konkani	Indo-Aryan	1,508,432	1,570,108	1,760,607	2,489,015	2,256,502
21	Dogri	Indo-Aryan	1,299,143	1,530,616	-	2,282,589	2,596,767
22	Khandeshi Non-scheduled	Indo-Aryan	251,896	1,216,789	973,709	2,075,258	1,860,236
23	Kurukh Non-scheduled	Dravidian	1,235,665	1,333,670	1,426,618	1,751,489	1,988,350
24	Tulu Non-scheduled	Dravidian	1,158,419	1,417,224	1,552,259	1,722,768	1,846,427
25	Meiteilon	Sino-Tibetan	791,714	901,407	1,270,216	1,466,705	1,761,079
26	Bodo	Sino-Tibetan	556,576	-	1,221,881	1,350,478	1,482,929
27	Khasi Non-scheduled	Austro-Asiatic	479,028	628,846	912,283	1,128,575	1,431,344
28	Mundari Non-scheduled	Austro-Asiatic	771,253	742,739	861,378	1,061,352	1,128,228
29	Ho Non-scheduled	Austro-Asiatic	751,389	783,301	949,216	1,042,724	1,421,418
30	Tripuri Non-scheduled	Sino-Tibetan	372,579	502,067	694,940	854,023	1,011,294

According to the 2001 census, 41.03% of the Indians spoke Hindi natively, while the rest spoke Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Maithili, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and a variety of other languages. There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues spoken in India. Of these, 22 languages are specified in the Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution, while 100 are non-specified.
The table below excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results.

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Year	Mid-year population	Births per year	Deaths per year	Annual change in population	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Natural change	Crude migration rate	Total Fertility rate	Infant mortality	Life expectancy
1950	346,278,817	15,287,998	7,852,219	7,435,779	44.15	22.68	21.6		5.73	181.2	41.7
1951	353,870,058	15,663,440	7,973,004	7,591,241	44.26	22.53	21.6	0.5	5.77	180.1	41.7
1952	361,874,904	16,082,888	8,048,990	8,004,846	44.44	22.24	21.9	0.2	5.82	177.5	42.0
1953	370,104,571	16,501,176	8,169,722	8,229,667	44.59	22.07	22.1	0	5.87	175.3	42.2
1954	378,687,141	16,903,336	8,122,090	8,582,570	44.64	21.45	22.7	−0.4	5.91	172.2	43.0
1955	387,700,891	17,219,756	8,168,768	9,013,750	44.41	21.07	22.8	−0.1	5.91	169.7	43.4
1956	396,988,906	17,526,402	8,232,471	9,288,015	44.15	20.74	22.8	0	5.91	167.3	43.8
1957	406,253,895	17,825,650	8,323,747	9,264,989	43.88	20.49	22.8	0	5.91	165.0	44.1
1958	415,777,437	18,053,426	8,374,383	9,523,542	43.42	20.14	22.7	−0.2	5.90	162.7	44.4
1959	425,780,669	18,321,022	8,395,630	10,003,232	43.03	19.72	22.7	−0.2	5.89	160.3	44.9
1960	435,990,344	18,705,012	8,467,290	10,209,675	42.90	19.42	22.9	0.2	5.92	158.2	45.2
1961	446,564,730	19,054,934	8,586,012	10,574,386	42.67	19.23	22.8	0.5	5.94	156.4	45.4
1962	457,283,092	19,422,986	8,679,851	10,718,362	42.48	18.98	22.9	0.5	5.95	154.5	45.7
1963	468,138,576	19,783,962	8,767,246	10,855,484	42.26	18.73	22.9	0.5	5.97	152.7	45.9
1964	479,229,599	20,156,988	8,871,377	11,091,023	42.06	18.51	23.0	0.3	5.98	151.1	46.2
1965	490,140,141	20,414,206	9,488,516	10,910,542	41.65	19.36	21.7	0.9	5.94	156.4	45.0
1966	500,740,250	20,632,990	9,543,207	10,600,109	41.20	19.06	21.6	0.2	5.88	154.7	45.3
1967	511,606,375	20,889,458	9,609,691	10,866,125	40.83	18.78	21.5	0	5.83	153.1	45.7
1968	522,716,894	21,162,298	9,155,303	11,110,519	40.48	17.52	22.4	−0.5	5.76	145.0	47.5
1969	533,880,544	21,386,208	9,218,624	11,163,650	40.06	17.27	22.3	0	5.68	143.3	47.9
1970	545,864,268	21,705,420	9,287,483	11,983,724	39.76	17.01	22.3	−0.1	5.62	141.7	48.2
1971	558,096,383	22,169,874	9,382,778	12,232,115	39.72	16.81	22.5	−0.1	5.57	139.9	48.6
1972	570,482,142	22,509,830	9,468,026	12,385,759	39.46	16.60	22.5	0	5.48	138.5	49.0
1973	583,465,595	22,929,810	9,517,150	12,983,453	39.30	16.31	22.7	0.1	5.40	136.3	49.5
1974	597,041,392	23,284,796	9,489,001	13,575,797	39.00	15.89	22.8	0	5.33	133.3	50.2
1975	611,309,532	23,451,070	9,492,655	14,268,140	38.36	15.53	22.6	0	5.20	130.7	50.8
1976	625,861,887	23,935,742	9,499,656	14,552,355	38.24	15.18	22.7	−0.4	5.13	127.9	51.4
1977	640,801,105	24,070,484	9,494,741	14,939,218	37.56	14.82	22.2	0.1	5.01	124.9	51.9
1978	655,728,226	24,359,834	9,461,503	14,927,121	37.15	14.43	22.1	0.3	4.89	121.7	52.5
1979	671,155,745	24,833,594	9,440,528	15,427,519	37.00	14.07	22.3	0.2	4.81	118.4	53.1
1980	687,354,031	25,471,068	9,452,567	16,198,286	37.06	13.75	22.5	0.4	4.78	115.2	53.6
1981	703,696,255	25,868,440	9,446,658	16,342,224	36.76	13.42	22.7	0.3	4.70	112.1	54.2
1982	720,313,474	26,221,360	9,431,256	16,617,219	36.40	13.09	22.6	0.3	4.62	109.3	54.7
1983	737,372,685	26,637,448	9,418,131	17,059,211	36.13	12.77	22.6	0.2	4.57	106.7	55.3
1984	754,875,451	27,113,114	9,414,277	17,502,766	35.92	12.47	22.7	0.2	4.52	104.2	55.8
1985	772,647,801	27,366,950	9,398,793	17,772,350	35.42	12.16	22.5	0.2	4.43	101.8	56.3
1986	790,689,978	27,848,424	9,392,670	18,042,177	35.22	11.88	22.7	−0.1	4.40	99.4	56.8
1987	808,931,261	27,860,878	9,365,358	18,241,283	34.44	11.58	22.2	0.2	4.31	97.0	57.3
1988	827,342,997	28,040,342	9,337,583	18,411,736	33.89	11.29	21.9	0.2	4.22	94.6	57.8
1989	846,039,530	28,154,986	9,306,083	18,696,533	33.28	11.00	21.6	0.3	4.13	92.2	58.2
1990	864,972,219	28,171,520	9,277,651	18,932,689	32.57	10.73	21.1	0.5	4.05	89.8	58.7
1991	883,927,607	28,305,720	9,256,425	18,955,388	32.02	10.47	21.0	0.2	3.96	87.6	59.1
1992	902,957,072	28,365,204	9,232,809	19,029,465	31.41	10.22	20.7	0.3	3.88	85.5	59.5
1993	922,118,380	28,374,418	9,221,708	19,161,308	30.77	10.00	20.3	0.4	3.80	83.5	59.8
1994	941,163,775	28,512,692	9,201,756	19,045,395	30.30	9.78	20.0	0.4	3.72	81.4	60.2
1995	960,301,048	28,588,052	9,191,892	19,137,273	29.77	9.57	19.7	0.4	3.65	79.3	60.6
1996	979,678,464	28,623,284	9,180,936	19,377,416	29.22	9.37	19.4	0.3	3.58	77.1	61.0
1997	999,133,765	28,659,994	9,166,224	19,455,301	28.68	9.17	19.0	0.4	3.51	74.8	61.4
1998	1,018,665,073	28,724,934	9,155,898	19,531,308	28.20	8.99	18.7	0.4	3.45	72.5	61.8
1999	1,038,225,821	28,790,310	9,141,493	19,560,748	27.73	8.80	18.4	0.3	3.38	70.2	62.2
2000	1,057,922,728	29,111,712	9,127,431	19,696,907	27.52	8.63	18.3	0.1	3.35	67.8	62.7
2001	1,077,898,572	29,324,930	9,143,228	19,975,844	27.21	8.48	18.2	0	3.30	65.4	63.1
2002	1,097,600,381	29,128,216	9,103,548	19,701,809	26.54	8.29	17.7	0.2	3.22	63.1	63.6
2003	1,116,802,997	28,794,442	9,074,469	19,202,616	25.78	8.13	17.2	0.2	3.12	60.8	64.1
2004	1,135,991,510	28,537,736	9,067,053	19,188,513	25.12	7.98	16.7	0.2	3.05	58.6	64.5
2005	1,154,676,319	28,063,000	9,027,961	18,684,809	24.30	7.82	16.1	0.1	2.96	56.3	65.0
2006	1,172,878,890	27,637,610	8,995,893	18,202,571	23.56	7.67	15.5	−0.1	2.86	54.1	65.4
2007	1,190,676,028	27,304,622	8,972,698	17,797,138	22.93	7.54	15.1	−0.3	2.78	51.9	65.8
2008	1,207,930,962	27,186,094	8,950,894	17,254,934	22.51	7.41	14.7	−0.4	2.72	49.6	66.1
2009	1,225,524,760	27,219,670	8,934,340	17,593,798	22.21	7.29	14.5	−0.5	2.67	47.4	66.5
2010	1,243,481,564	26,900,710	8,908,601	17,956,804	21.63	7.16	14.1	−0.2	2.60	45.2	66.9
2011	1,261,224,952	26,681,990	8,889,393	17,743,388	21.16	7.05	13.7	0	2.54	43.0	67.4
2012	1,278,674,506	26,432,416	8,879,964	17,449,554	20.67	6.95	13.3	0.1	2.47	40.8	67.9
2013	1,295,829,506	25,995,998	8,888,126	17,155,000	20.06	6.86	13.0	0.1	2.41	38.7	68.5
2014	1,312,277,184	25,050,538	8,884,412	16,447,678	19.09	6.77	12.3	0.2	2.31	36.7	69.1
2015	1,328,024,492	25,147,252	8,936,426	15,747,308	18.94	6.73	12.1	−0.2	2.29	34.7	69.6
2016	1,343,944,293	25,207,146	9,004,539	15,919,801	18.76	6.70	11.9	0	2.27	32.8	70.1
2017	1,359,657,392	24,466,744	9,072,749	15,713,099	18.00	6.67	11.3	0.3	2.20	31.1	70.5
2018	1,374,659,068	24,620,206	9,169,449	15,001,676	17.91	6.67	11.0	−0.1	2.18	29.4	70.7
2019	1,389,030,303	24,124,982	9,264,486	14,371,235	17.37	6.67	10.3	0	2.11	27.9	70.9
2020	1,402,617,692	23,485,340	10,118,286	13,587,389	16.74	7.21	9.2	0.4	2.05	26.6	70.1
2021	1,414,203,889	23,321,854	13,093,783	11,586,197	16.49	9.26	7.0	−1.0	2.01	25.5	67.2
2022	1,425,423,212	23,286,124	9,373,180	11,219,323	16.34	6.58	7.2	−0.4	1.99	23.8624	67.7
2023	1,438,069,597	23,219,488	9,507,013	12,646,385	16.15	6.61	9.5	−1.4	1.98	22.6186	72.0
2024	1,450,935,791	23,186,978	9,557,050	12,999,094	15.98	6.59	9.39	-0.43	1.96
2025					15.8	6.6	9.1		1.94
2026					15.6	6.7	8.9		1.93

Life expectancy

Period	Life expectancy at birth	Life expectancy at age 15	Life expectancy at age 65	Life expectancy at age 80
1950	41.18	60.06	75.90	84.77
1955	43.74	60.96	76.14	84.86
1960	45.61	61.75	76.33	84.93
1965	45.56	61.84	76.20	84.91
1970	48.59	63.40	76.55	85.30
1975	50.76	64.68	77.00	85.69
1980	53.59	66.10	77.22	85.82
1985	56.32	67.35	77.30	85.81
1990	58.62	68.32	77.59	85.94
1995	60.63	69.08	78.06	86.22
2000	62.75	69.92	78.56	86.44
2005	64.94	70.84	78.87	86.45
2010	67.16	71.83	79.28	86.64
2015	69.33	72.88	79.91	87.14
2020	70.16	72.81	79.48	86.92

Demographic and Health Surveys
From the Demographic Health Survey:
Regional vital statistics
Neonatal and infant demographics
The table below represents the infant mortality rate trends in India, based on sex, over the last 15 years. In the urban areas of India, average male infant mortality rates are slightly higher than average female infant mortality rates.

Year	Male	Female	Total
1998	69.8	73.5	71.6
2005	56.3	58	57
2009	49	52
2014	43.7	37.90	40.7
2018	29.95	29.88	29.94

India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven – activists posit that eight million female fetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011.

Ethnic groups

The national Census of India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups within India, but recognises many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India, see South Asian ethnic groups.
According to a 2009 study published by Reich et al., the modern Indian population is composed of two genetically divergent and heterogeneous populations which mixed in ancient times, known as Ancestral North Indians and Ancestral South Indians. ASI corresponds to the Dravidian-speaking population of southern India, whereas ANI corresponds to the Indo-Aryan-speaking population of northern India. 700,000 people from the United States of any race live in India. Around 150,000 Anglo-Indian people still live in India. India is a country with a vast diversity of ethnic groups, each with its own distinct culture, language, and traditions. The major ethnic groups in India include the Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, Sino-Tibetans, Austroasiatic peoples, and various indigenous tribes. These groups are spread across different regions of India, each contributing to the country's rich cultural mosaic.

Population size and structure

India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population lived in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8% lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.
By 2011, the share of the population living in rural areas decreased to 68.84%, while that of those living in urban areas increased to 31.16%. India's population exceeded that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people in 2010. However, because Africa's population growth is extremely high compared to the rest of the world, it is expected to surpass both China and India by the early 2030s.
Comparative demographics

Category	Global ranking	References
Area	7th
Population	1st
Population growth rate	102nd of 212	in 2010
Population density	24th of 212	in 2010
Male to Female ratio, at birth	12th of 214	in 2009

Census year	Population	Change
1951		–
1961		21.6
1971		24.8
1981		24.7
1991		23.9
2001		21.5
2011	1,210,193,422	17.7

List of states and union territories by demographics

Rank	State/UT	Population	Percent	Male	Female	Difference between male and female	Sex ratio	Rural	Urban	Area	Density
1	Uttar Pradesh		16.50				930
2	Maharashtra		9.28				929
3	Bihar		8.60				918
4	West Bengal		7.54				950
5	Madhya Pradesh		6.00				931
6	Tamil Nadu		5.96				996
7	Rajasthan		5.66				928
8	Karnataka		5.05				973
9	Gujarat		4.99				919
10	Andhra Pradesh		4.08				996
11	Odisha		3.47				979
12	Telangana		2.91				988
13	Kerala		2.76				1084
14	Jharkhand		2.72				948
15	Assam		2.58				958
16	Punjab		2.29				895
17	Chhattisgarh		2.11				991
18	Haryana		2.09				879
19	Delhi		1.39				868
20	Jammu and Kashmir		1.04				889
21	Uttarakhand		0.83				963
22	Himachal Pradesh		0.57				972
23	Tripura		0.30				960
24	Meghalaya		0.25				989
25	Manipur		0.24				985
26	Nagaland		0.16				931
27	Goa		0.12				973
28	Arunachal Pradesh		0.11				938
29	Puducherry		0.10				1037
30	Mizoram		0.09				976
31	Chandigarh		0.09				818
32	Sikkim		0.05				890
33	Andaman and Nicobar Islands		0.03				876
34	Dadra and Nagar Haveli		0.03				774
35	Daman and Diu		0.02				618
36	Lakshadweep		0.01				946
–	Total		100				943

Literacy rate

State or UT code	State or UT	Overall	Male	Female
1	Jammu and Kashmir
2	Himachal Pradesh
3	Punjab
4	Chandigarh
5	Uttarakhand
6	Haryana
7	Delhi
8	Rajasthan
9	Uttar Pradesh
10	Bihar
11	Sikkim
12	Arunachal Pradesh
13	Nagaland
14	Manipur
15	Mizoram
16	Tripura
17	Meghalaya
18	Assam
19	West Bengal
20	Jharkhand
21	Odisha
22	Chhattisgarh
23	Madhya Pradesh
24	Gujarat
25	Daman and Diu
26	Dadra and Nagar Haveli
27	Maharashtra
28	Andhra Pradesh
29	Karnataka
30	Goa
31	Lakshadweep
32	Kerala
33	Tamil Nadu
34	Puducherry
35	Andaman and Nicobar Islands
–	Overall

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
0–4				9.32	9.32
5–9				10.48	19.8
10–14				10.96	30.76
15–19				9.95	40.71
20–24				9.20	49.91
25–29				8.38	58.29
30–34				7.32	65.61
35–39				7.03	72.64
40–44				5.98	78.62
45–49				5.15	83.77
50–54				4.05	87.82
55–59				3.23	91.05
60–64				3.11	94.16
65–69				2.18	96.34
70–74				1.59	97.93
75–79				0.76	98.69
80–84				0.51	99.2
85–89				0.20	99.4
90–94				0.12	99.52
95–99				0.05	99.57
100+				0.05	99.62
Unknown				0.37	99.99
Total				100.00	-
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent	-
0–14	194,351,375	178,092,741	372,444,116	30.76	-
15–64	394,175,879	373,559,847	767,735,726	63.40	-
65+	32,370,123	33,815,210	66,185,333	5.47	-

Age group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total				100
0–4				9.21
5–9				9.18
10–14				9.67
15–19				9.92
20–24				9.36
25–29				8.57
30–34				7.75
35–39				6.98
40–44				6.33
45–49				5.55
50–54				4.63
55–59				3.70
60–64				2.98
65–69				2.43
70–74				1.76
75–79				1.24
80+				0.75
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14				28.05
15–64				65.77
65+				6.18

Age group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total				100
0–4				8.38
5–9				8.63
10–14				8.66
15–19				9.12
20–24				9.34
25–29				8.80
30–34				8.04
35–39				7.25
40–44				6.51
45–49				5.88
50–54				5.10
55–59				4.19
60–64				3.27
65–69				2.52
70–74				1.94
75–79				1.29
80+				1.07
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14				25.68
15–64				67.50
65+				6.83

State or UT code	State or UT	Total	Male	Female	Difference
1	Jammu and Kashmir
2	Himachal Pradesh
3	Punjab
4	Chandigarh
5	Uttarakhand
6	Haryana
7	Delhi
8	Rajasthan
9	Uttar Pradesh
10	Bihar
11	Sikkim
12	Arunachal Pradesh
13	Nagaland
14	Manipur
15	Mizoram
16	Tripura
17	Meghalaya
18	Assam
19	West Bengal
20	Jharkhand
21	Odisha
22	Chhattisgarh
23	Madhya Pradesh
24	Gujarat
25	Daman and Diu
26	Dadra and Nagar Haveli
27	Maharashtra
28	Andhra Pradesh
29	Karnataka
30	Goa
31	Lakshadweep
32	Kerala
33	Tamil Nadu
34	Puducherry
35	Andaman and Nicobar Islands
–	Total

State or UT code	State or UT	Total	Male	Female
1	Jammu and Kashmir	–	–	–
2	Himachal Pradesh	–	–	–
3	Punjab	–	–	–
4	Chandigarh	–	–	–
5	Uttarakhand	–	–	–
6	Haryana
7	Delhi
8	Rajasthan
9	Uttar Pradesh
10	Bihar
11	Sikkim
12	Arunachal Pradesh
13	Nagaland
14	Manipur
15	Mizoram
16	Tripura
17	Meghalaya
18	Assam
19	West Bengal
20	Jharkhand
21	Odisha
22	Chhattisgarh
23	Madhya Pradesh
24	Gujarat
25	Daman and Diu
26	Dadra and Nagar Haveli
27	Maharashtra
28	Andhra Pradesh
29	Karnataka
30	Goa
31	Lakshadweep
32	Kerala	–	–	–
33	Tamil Nadu
34	Puducherry
35	Andaman and Nicobar Islands
–	Total

Religion

Based on the latest Census Data
Population pyramid by religion
The table below summarises India's demographics according to religion at the 2011 census in per cent. The data are "unadjusted" ; the 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and the 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.

Religion	Population	Percentage
Hindus
Muslims
Christians
Sikhs
Buddhists
Jains
Others
Not Stated

Year	Hindus	Muslims	Christians	Sikhs	Buddhists	Jainis	Zoroastrians	Others/ Religion not specified
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011

Caste/tribe

Caste and community statistics as recorded from "Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission" or Mandal Commission of 1979, which was completed in 1983.
India has chosen not to officially count caste population since then.
The following data are from the Mandal report: