List of titles
This is a list of personal titles arranged in a sortable table. They can be sorted:
- Alphabetically
- By language, nation, or tradition of origin
- By function. See Separation of duties for a description of the Executive, Judicial, and Legislative functions as they are generally understood today. Titles that bestow functional authority with minimal executive, judicial, or legislative power are listed as Administrative. Titles that bestow political or spiritual authority with minimal executive, judicial, or legislative power are listed as Ceremonial.
- By manner in which the title is usually achieved. Most title-holders are Appointed to their rank by someone higher in the system or Elected by people equal in the system. Historically, many titles were achieved through Hereditary birthright. A few historical titles have been randomly Chosen By Lot or Purchased outright. For those unofficial titles granted as a sign of respect, such as Mister or Prophet, the word Identified is used here.
- By scope of authority. Especially with historical titles, this scope may have changed over time, but the most usual understanding of the title today is implied. Personal titles are not part of a governing body, and have authority only over those who individually choose to follow the title-holder. Tribal titles give the title-holder authority over a bloodline rather than a physical geography. Institutional titles are mostly confined to a specific campus, corporation, temple, or other private or semi-public institution. Divisional is applied to most military & police ranks, with the number of people under that rank's command listed when known. Local titles are those with authority in a metropolitan or similar area, such as a mayor. Provincial titles are those with authority over a constituent state, such as a United States governor. Regional titles are those with authority over multiple constituent states, such as a federal judge. Courtly titles have no sovereign power of their own but are granted high prestige by, and are possibly able to exert influence over, a head of state. Similarly, Diplomatic titles bear no sovereignty of their own, but are vested with the equivalent of sovereignty by a head of state. National titles are at the level of a head of government or head of state, with authority over a sovereign nation. Supranational titles are those with authority over multiple sovereign nations. Supernatural titles are those applied solely to deceased figures, such as saints, or to superhuman beings, such as angels and gods.
| Title | Origin | Function | Usual Source of Authority | Usual Breadth of Authority |
| Ab Actis | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional |
| Abbess or Abbot | Latin | Executive | Elected | Institutional |
| Admiral of the Fleet | European | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Agha | Kurdish, Turkish, Persian | Administrative | Identified or Appointed | Tribal |
| Aesymnetes | Greek | Executive | Elected | National |
| Agonothetes | Greek | Administrative | Elected | Institutional |
| Agoranomos | Greek | Executive | Elected | Institutional |
| Air Marshal | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional |
| Aircraftman | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional |
| Akhoond | Persian | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified? | Institutional |
| Alcalde | Spanish | Executive | Elected | The mayor of town/city |
| Alderman | Old English | Administrative/executive | Elected | An elected member of a city council |
| Allamah | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Amban | Manchu | Executive/ legislative | Appointed | Provincial/ supranational |
| Amir al-Mu'minin | Arabic | Executive | Hereditary/ identified | National/ supranational/ tribal |
| Amphipole | Greek | Executive/ judicial | Elected? | National |
| Anax | Greek | Executive | Hereditary | Supranational |
| Apodektai | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Tribal |
| Apostle | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed/ Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
| Arahant | Pali | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
| Archbishop | Greek | Executive/ judicial | Appointed | Provincial |
| Archdeacon | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Archduchess or Archduke | German | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary | Courtly/ supranational |
| Archiater | Greek | Administrative/ executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Archimandrite | Greek | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Archon | Greek | Executive/ judicial | Elected | Local/ national |
| Archpriest | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Provincial |
| Argbadh | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Arhat | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
| Asapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Aspet | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Assistant in Virtue | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Assistant Professor | American | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| President and [Deputy National Security Advisor">President (disambiguation)">President and [Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan|Assistant to the President & Deputy National Security Advisor] | American | Executive | Appointed | National |
| Associate Professor | American | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Aswaran Salar | Sasanian Empire | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Augusta | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Ayatollah | Persian | Judicial | Appointed | Personal |
| Baivarapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Bapu | Hindi | Ceremonial | Identified | Courtly/ personal |
| Baron or Baroness | French | Executive | Hereditary | Local |
| Basileus or Basilissa | Anatolian | Executive/ ceremonial/ judicial | Hereditary/ elected | National |
| Beauty | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Bishop | Christian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Blessed | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed | Supernatural |
| Begum | Turkish | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly/ personal |
| Brother | Christian | Personal | Identified | Personal |
| Buddha | Pali/ Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
| Cardinal | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Cardinal-nephew | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Caesar | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Caliph | Arabic | Executive | Elected/ hereditary | Supranational |
| Cantor | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional |
| Captain (land) | European | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Captain (naval) | English | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Catholicos | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Regional |
| Centurion | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Chairman or Chairwoman | English | Administrative/ executive/ legislative | Appointed/ elected | Institutional |
| Chakravartin | Sanskrit | Executive | Identified/ hereditary | Supranational |
| Chancellor | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Courtly |
| Chanyu | Xiongnu | Executive | Hereditary | Tribal |
| Chhatrapati | Marathi | Executive | Hereditary | National/ supranational |
| Chief or Chieftain | Global | Executive/ judicial/ legislative | Elected/ hereditary | Tribal |
| Chiliarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Chorbishop | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Choregos | Greek | Administrative/ ceremonial | Purchased | Institutional |
| City Manager | English | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Coiffure Attendant | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Colonel | English | Honorific | Appointed/Identified | Local |
| Comes | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified | Courtly/ supernatural |
| Commissioner | English | Executive/Legislative | Elected/Appointed | Local |
| Commissioner of Baseball | Amero-Canadian | Executive | Elected | Institutional |
| Concubinus | Roman | Ceremonial | Appointed | Personal |
| Consort | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Consul | Roman | Executive/ judicial | Elected | National |
| Corporal | Italian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Corrector | Latin | Executive/ judicial | Appointed | Regional |
| Councillor | Latin | Legislative | Elected | Local |
| Count or Countess | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Dàifu | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Dalai Lama | Tibetan | Ceremonial | Appointed | Supranational |
| Dame or Dom | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified | Institutional |
| Dathapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Deacon or Diakonissa | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Dean (religion) | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Decurio | Roman | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Desai | Indo-Aryan | Administrative | Appointed/ hereditary | Provincial |
| Despot | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Dilochitès | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Dikastes | Greek | Judicial | Chosen by lot | Tribal |
| Dimoirites | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Distinguished Professor | American | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Divine Adoratrice | Egyptian | Executive/ ceremonial | Hereditary | National |
| Diwan | Persian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | National/ provincial |
| Doctor | European | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Don or Doña | Spanish | Ceremonial/ executive | Identified | Local/ national |
| Duchess or Duke | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | National/ Regional |
| Dux | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Earl or Countess | Anglo-Saxon | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Earl Marshal | English | Administrative/ judicial | Hereditary | Courtly/ national |
| Ecumenical Patriarch | Greek | Ceremonial/ judicial | Elected? | Supranational |
| Elder | Anglo-Saxon, Arabic, Australian, Germanic, Greek, Latin, Mayan, Slavic, Latter-day Saint | Legislative | Elected/ Appointed | Tribal, Institutional |
| Emeritus | Latin | Ceremonial | Retired from office | Various, a retired chair, professor, or other person who retains an honorary title. Used as suffix, e.g. Professor Emeritus |
| Emperor or Empress | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | Supranational |
| En | Sumerian | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary? | Local/ national |
| Ephor | Greek | Executive | Elected | National |
| Epihipparch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Esquire or Squire | French | Administrative/ executive/ judicial/ legislative | Appointed/ hereditary | Local/ personal |
| Evangelist | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Exarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Faqih | Arabic | Judicial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Fellow | English | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Fidalgo | Portuguese | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Fidei defensor | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ hereditary | National |
| Field Marshal | German | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Foreign minister | European | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic |
| Furén | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Fürst or Fürstin | German | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Ganden Tripa | Tibetan | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Generalissimo | Italian | Executive | Elected | National |
| God's Wife | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Gong or Gong Bao | Chinese | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed/ identified | Provincial/ supernatural |
| Goodman or Goodwife | British | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Gothi or Gyoja | Old Norse | Ceremonial/ executive | Elected? | Tribal |
| Governor | Roman | Executive | Appointed/ elected | Provincial |
| Governor-General | European | Executive | Appointed | National/ regional |
| Grand Admiral | French | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Grand duchess or Grand duke | Germanic | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Grand Inquisitor | Latin | Judicial | Appointed | National/ supranational |
| Grand Master | European | Ceremonial/ executive | Identified | Institutional / supranational |
| Grand Master (GM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| International Master (IM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| FIDE Master (FM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Candidate Master (CM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Grand prince | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Guardian Immortal | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Hadrat | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Handsome Fairness | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Haty-a | Egyptian | Executive | Appointed? | Local |
| Hazarapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Headman | Zuni & !Kung people amongst others | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Hegumen or Hegumenia | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Hekatontarchès | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Hellenotamiae | Greek | Administrative | Elected? | Tribal |
| Hetman | Ukrainian | Military | Army ranking | - |
| Herald | European | Administrative/ diplomatic | Appointed | Institutional/ national |
| Her/His/Your Excellency | English | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed/ elected/ hereditary | Diplomatic/ national |
| Her/ His/ Your Grace | British | Executive/ legislative | Hereditary | Regional |
| Her/ His/ Your Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Her/ His/ Your Illustrious Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Her/ His/ Your Imperial Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Her/His/Your Imperial Majesty | European | Executive | Hereditary | Supranational |
| Her/Your Ladyship or His/Your Lordship | British | Executive/ legislative/ judicial | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Her/ His/ Your Majesty | European | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Her/ His/ Your Royal Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Her/ His/ Your Serene Highness | European | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Herzog | German | Executive | Hereditary | Regional |
| Hidalgo | Spanish | Executive/ legislative | Appointed/ hereditary | Provincial |
| Hierodeacon | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Hieromonk | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Hierophant | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Institutional |
| High priest or High priestess | Christian, Jewish, Pagan, Samaritan, Santería, Shinto | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Hipparchus (cavalry officer) | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| His Eminence | Christian | Executive/ administrative | Appointed/ elected | National/ supranational |
| Hojatoleslam | Arabic | Ceremonial | Appointed | Personal |
| Ilarchès | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Imam | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional / supernatural |
| Imperator or Imperatrice | Latin | Executive | Identified | Divisional |
| Inquisitor | Latin | Judicial | Appointed | Supranational |
| Jagirdar | Indian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Jiàoshòu | Chinese | Administrative | Identified | Institutional |
| Junior Technician | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional |
| Kanstresios | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Karo | Japanese | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional / Provincial |
| Lady of His Majesty | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Lady of Treasure | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Laoshi | Chinese | Executive/ judicial/ legislative | Identified | Personal |
| Leading Aircraftman or Leading Aircraftwoman | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional |
| Lecturer | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Legatus | Roman | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Lehendakari | Basque | Executive | Elected | President of the Basque Country |
| Lochagos | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Lonko | Mapudungun | Executive | Hereditary? | Tribal |
| Lord Great Chamberlain | English | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Lord High Constable | English | Ceremonial/ executive/ judicial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Lord Privy Seal | English | Administrative | Appointed | National |
| Lugal | Sumerian | Executive | Hereditary | Local/ national |
| Madam or Sir | French | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed/ identified | Divisional / personal |
| Magister Officiorum | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Magister Militum | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Maha-kshtrapa | Sanskrit | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Regional |
| Maharaja or Maharani | Sanskrit | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
| Maharana | Hindi | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
| Maharao | Hindi | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
| Mahatma | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Major archbishop | Christian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Malik or Malikah | Arabic | Executive/ legislative/ judicial | Hereditary | Local/ national/ supernatural/ tribal |
| Mandarin | Chinese history|Chinese] | Administrative | Appointed | National |
| Marzban | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Master of the Horse | Roman | Executive | Appointed | Courtly |
| Master of the Sacred Palace | Christian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Mawlawi | Persian | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional |
| Mayor | Latin | Executive/ legislative | Elected/ appointed | Local |
| Metropolitan Bishop | Christian | Executive/ judicial/ legislative | Appointed | Local |
| Mirza | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Monsignor | French | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Mullah | Persian | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional |
| Naib | Arabic | Executive | Appointed/ elected | Local/ tribal |
| Nakharar | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Local |
| National Security Advisor | American | Administrative | Appointed | National |
| Navarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Nawab | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Nawabzada or Nawabzadi | Persian | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Nizam | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
| Nobilissimus | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Nomarch | Egyptian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Provincial |
| Nuncio | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic |
| Nushi | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Optio | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Palatine | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Provincial/ supernational |
| Pastor | Latin | Ceremonial | Elected | Institutional |
| Patriarch | Greek | Executive | Identified | Tribal |
| Patriarch | Latter Day [Saint movement] | Administrative/ Ceremonial | Appointed/ Hereditary | Institutional |
| Patroon | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Paygan Salarapoo | Persian | Executive | Appointed? | Divisional |
| Peace Be Upon Him | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Supernatural |
| Peshwa | Marathi | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Supranational |
| Pharaoh | Egyptian | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Pir or Pirani | Persian | Administrative | Identified | Personal |
| Polemarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed/ chosen by lot/ elected | National |
| Pope | Latin | Executive | Elected | National/ supranational |
| Post Master General | American | Executive | Appointed | National |
| Praetor | Roman | Executive/ legislative | Elected | National |
| Praeses | Belgian | Executive | Elected | Institutional |
| Presbyter | Greek | Ceremonial/ Executive | Appointed/ Elected | Local |
| President | Latin | Executive | Elected | Institutional/ national |
| President of the Church | Latter Day Saint movement | Executive/ Judicial | Appointed | Institutional / Diplomatic/ Supernatural |
| President of the [Quorum of the Twelve Apostles] | Latter Day Saint movement | Executive/ Judicial | Appointed | Institutional / Diplomatic/ Supernatural |
| President pro tempore | Latin | legislative | Elected by Senate | state/national |
| Presiding Bishop | Christian | Executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Presiding Patriarch | Christian | Administrative | Hereditary | Institutional |
| Priest | Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Neopagan, Pagan, Shinto, Zoroastrian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Primate | Latin | Ceremonial/ judicial | Appointed | Courtly/ national |
| Prime minister | English | Executive/ legislative | Appointed | National |
| Prince or Princess | Latin | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary | National/ Provincial |
| Princeps | Latin | Executive | Identified | Supranational |
| Principal Lecturer | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Prithvi-vallabha | Indian | Executive | Hereditary | Regional |
| Professor | Latin | Administrative/ ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional |
| Professor Emeritus | Latin | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional |
| Propagator of Deportment | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Prophet of the Restoration | Latter Day Saint movement | Administrative/ Judicial/ Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional / Supernatural |
| Protodeacon | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Proxenos | Greek | Administrative | Purchased | Diplomatic |
| Prytaneis | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Local/ tribal |
| Pursuivant | European | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Quaestor | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional |
| Rabbi | Hebrew | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional |
| Raja or Rani | Sanskrit | Executive | Hereditary | National/ tribal |
| Rajmata | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed | National/ regional |
| Reader | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Recipient from the Inner Chamber | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Recipient of Edicts | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Rector | Latin | Administrative | Elected | Institutional |
| Reverend | Christian | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Roju | Japanese | Administrative | Appointed | National |
| Sacristan | Christian | Administrative | Appointed/ elected | Institutional |
| Saint | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified | Saint#The [Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Institutional]/ personal/ supernatural |
| Sakellarios | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Supranational |
| Sahib or Sahibah | Arabic | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary/ identified | National/ personal |
| Satrap | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Savakabuddha | Pali | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Sebastokrator | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Sebastos or Sebaste | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Secretary of State | European | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic/ national |
| Seghatoleslam | Persian | Judicial | Appointed | Personal |
| Selected Lady | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Senior Aircraftman or Senior Aircraftwoman | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional |
| Senior Lecturer | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional |
| Sergeant | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Servant in the Place of Truth | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Institutional |
| Service Provider | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Shah | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Shaman | Global | Ceremonial | Identified | Tribal |
| Sheikh | Arabic | Institutional | Appointed | Anointed |
| Shifu | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Shigong | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Shimu | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Shofet | Hebrew | Executive/ judicial | Elected | National/ tribal |
| Shōgun | Japanese | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Sibyl | Greek | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional |
| Sister | Catholic, Latter Day Saint movement | Administrative/ Ceremonial | Appointed/ Identified | Personal/ Institutional |
| Somatophylax | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Courtly |
| Soter | Greek | Ceremonial | Identified | Supernatural |
| Spahbod | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Sparapet | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Divisional |
| Sri or Sushri | Devanagari | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Starosta | Cyrillic | Executive | Appointed/ elected | Local/ national |
| Strategos | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Subedar | British/ Indian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Sultan | Arabic | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Sunim | Korean | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional |
| Swami | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Syntagmatarchis | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Tagmatarchis | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Taitai | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Talented | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Tanuter | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Local |
| Taoiseach | Irish | Executive | Appointed | National |
| Taxiarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Temple boy | Thai | Administrative | Appointed | Personal |
| Tenzo | Buddhist | Administrative | Appointed? | Institutional |
| Tetrarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Supranational |
| Thakore or Thakurani | Indian | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
| Theorodokoi | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic |
| Theoroi | Greek | Administrative | Appointed? | Diplomatic |
| The Most Honourable | British | Executive/ legislative | Hereditary | Provincial |
| The Right Honourable | English | Administrative/ ceremonial/ legislative | Appointed/ hereditary | Local/ national |
| Tirbodh | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional |
| Tóngzhi | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Toqui | Mapudungun | Executive | Elected | Tribal |
| Towel Attendant | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Tribune | Latin | Legislative | Elected | National |
| Trierarch | Greek | Executive | Purchased | Divisional |
| Tsar or Tsaritsa | Bulgarian | Executive | Hereditary | National/ supranational |
| Unsui | Japanese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Upasaka | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed | Personal |
| Upajjhaya | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Personal |
| Vajracharya | Nepalese | Ceremonial | Hereditary/ identified | Institutional |
| Varma | Indian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Courtly/ regional |
| Venerable | Buddhist/ Christian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional/ supernatural |
| Vicar general | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Provincial |
| Vice-Praeses | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional |
| Viceroy or Vicereine | European | Executive | Appointed | National/ regional |
| Voivode | Bulgarian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Divisional/ provincial |
| Weiyuán | Chinese | Legislative | Appointed? | National |
| Xiaojie | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Xiansheng | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Xiaozhang | Chinese | Executive | Appointed | Institutional |
| Xry Hbt | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Institutional |
| Yisheng | Chinese | Administrative | Appointed/ identified | Institutional / personal |
| Yishi | Chinese | Administrative | Identified | Institutional |
| Yuvraj or Yuvrani | Indian | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Zamindar | Devanagari | Executive/ judicial | Appointed/ hereditary | Local/ provincial |
| Zongshi | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
| Zhuxi | Chinese | Executive | Elected | National |
| Lands’ Advocate | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | National |
| Stadtholder | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | National |
| Grand Pensionary or councillor pensionary | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | National |
| [Thai royal ranks and titles|Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua] or Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua | Thai | Executive | Hereditary | National |
| Somdet Phra Akkhara Mahesi | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Phra Mahesi | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Phra Sanom | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Somdet Chao Fa | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Phra Ong Chao | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Mom Chao | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Chao Fa | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Mom Rachawong | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Mom Luang | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Mom | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
| Somdet Krom Phraya or Somdet Phra | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Krom Phra | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Kromma Luang | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Kromma Khun | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Kromma Muen | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
| Chao Phraya | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Phraya | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
| Phra | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Luang | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Khun | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Meun | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Phan | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Nai | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
| Chao | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Tribal |
| Nayok Ratthamontri | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | National |
| Phu Wa | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | Provincial |
| Nayok | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | Local |
| Ratthamontri | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | Institutional |