List of fishes of Hawaii
The Hawaiian archipelago is in the central North Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. Politically, the islands are part of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, comprising hundreds of islands spread over.
At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands include many atolls, and reefs. Due to Hawaii's isolation 30% of the fish are endemic.
The Hawaiian Islands comprise 137 islands and atolls, with a land area of. This archipelago and its oceans are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.
The climate of Hawaii is typical for a tropical area, although temperatures and humidity tend to be a bit less extreme than other tropical locales due to the constant trade winds blowing from the east.
The surrounding waters are affected by effluents generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch affects its beaches. Other pressures on Hawaii's fish population are its fishing industries and whaling until IWC's moratorium in 1986. In the last century, some commercially fished stocks have decreased by 80–85%.
Due to its isolation, very few native freshwater fish species are found in Hawaii, and none are entirely restricted to freshwater.
The seven native fish species regularly seen in fresh water are the flagtail, the mullet, the gobies, and the sleeper goby. Three of the gobies, A. stamineus, L. concolor and S. stimpsoni, are famous for their ability to climb waterfalls to reach higher sections of freshwater streams. Several other species have been introduced to the freshwater habitats of Hawaii and some of these are invasive.