NASA Astronaut Corps

The NASA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members for U.S. and international space missions. It is based at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

History

The first American astronaut candidates were selected by NASA in 1959, for its Project Mercury with the objective of orbiting astronauts around the Earth in single-man capsules. The military services were asked to provide a list of military test pilots who met specific qualifications. After stringent screening, NASA announced its selection of the "Mercury Seven" as its first astronauts. Since then, NASA has selected 22 more groups of astronauts, opening the corps to civilians, scientists, doctors, engineers, and schoolteachers. As of the 2009 Astronaut Class, 61% of the astronauts selected by NASA have come from military service.
NASA selects candidates from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. Including the "Original Seven", 339 candidates have been selected to date.

Organization

The Astronaut Corps is based at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, although members may be assigned to other locations based on mission requirements, e.g. Soyuz training at Star City, Russia.
The Chief of the Astronaut Office is the most senior leadership position for active astronauts in the Corps. The Chief Astronaut serves as head of the Corps and is the principal adviser to the NASA Administrator on astronaut training and operations. The first Chief Astronaut was Deke Slayton, appointed in 1962. The current Chief Astronaut is Scott Tingle.

Salary

Salaries for newly hired civilian astronauts are based on the federal government's General Schedule pay scale for grades GS-11 through GS-14. The astronaut's grade is based on the astronaut's academic achievements and experience. Astronauts can be promoted up to grade GS-15. As of 2015, astronauts based at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, earn between $66,026 and $158,700. As of the new astronaut candidate class announcement of 2024, astronaut candidates will be removed from the GS pay scale and be paid on an AD 'Administratively Determined" scale.
Military astronauts are detailed to the Johnson Space Center and remain on active duty for pay, benefits, leave, and similar military matters.

Qualifications

There are no age restrictions for the NASA Astronaut Corps. Astronaut candidates have ranged between the ages of 26 and 46, with the average age being 34. Candidates must be U.S. citizens to apply for the program.
There are three broad categories of qualifications: education, work experience, and medical.
Candidates must have a master's degree from an accredited institution in engineering, biological science, physical science or mathematics. The degree must be followed by at least two to three years of related, progressively responsible, professional experience or at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. An advanced degree is desirable and may be substituted for experience, such as a doctoral degree. Teaching experience, including experience at the K–12 levels, is considered to be qualifying experience.
Candidates must have the ability to pass the NASA long-duration space flight physical, which includes the following specific requirements:

Distant and near visual acuity: Must be correctable to 20/20, each eye separately
The refractive surgical procedures of the eye, PRK and LASIK, are allowed, providing at least 1 year has passed since the date of the procedure with no permanent adverse after effects.
Blood pressure not to exceed 140/90 measured in a sitting position
Standing height between 62 and 75 inches
Members

Active astronauts

, the corps has 37 "active" astronauts consisting of 14 women and 23 men. The highest number of active astronauts at one time was in 2000 when there were 149. All of the current astronaut corps are from the classes of 1996 or later.
Missions in italics are scheduled and subject to change.

Astronaut	Missions	Group	Days in Space
Nichole Ayers	1: Space X Crew-10	23	147.69
Michael Barratt	3: Soyuz TMA-14, STS-133, SpaceX Crew-8	18	446.64
Kayla Barron	1: SpaceX Crew-3	22	176.11
Marcos Berríos	None, awaiting assignment	23	0
Christina Birch	None, awaiting assignment	23	0
Stephen Bowen	4: STS-126, STS-132, STS-133, SpaceX Crew-6	18	226.36
Randolph Bresnik	2: STS-129, Soyuz MS-05	19	149.51
Deniz Burnham	None, awaiting assignment	23	0
Zena Cardman	1: SpaceX Crew-11	22	166.71
Raja Chari	1: SpaceX Crew-3	22	176.11
Luke Delaney	None, awaiting assignment	23	0
Matthew Dominick	1: SpaceX Crew-8	22	235.15
Andre Douglas	None, awaiting assignment	23	0
Tracy Caldwell Dyson	3: STS-118, Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz MS-25	17	372.77
Michael Fincke	4: Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-13, STS-134, SpaceX Crew-11	16	548.34
Victor Glover	1: SpaceX Crew-1, upcoming: Artemis II	21	167.27
Jack Hathaway	None, upcoming: SpaceX Crew-12	23	0
Bob Hines	1: SpaceX Crew-4	22	170.54
Warren Hoburg	1: SpaceX Crew-6	22	185.95
Jonny Kim	1: Soyuz MS-27	22	244.97
Christina Koch	1: Soyuz MS-12/MS-13, upcoming: Artemis II	21	328.58
Nicole Mann	1: SpaceX Crew-5	21	157.42
Anne McClain	2: Soyuz MS-11, SpaceX Crew-10	21	351.33
Jessica Meir	1: Soyuz MS-15, upcoming: SpaceX Crew-12	21	204.64
Anil Menon	None, upcoming: Soyuz MS-29	23	0
Jasmin Moghbeli	1: SpaceX Crew-7	22	199.10
Andrew Morgan	1: Soyuz MS-13/MS-15	21	271.53
Loral O'Hara	1: Soyuz MS-24	22	203.65
Donald Pettit	4: STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1, STS-126, Soyuz TMA-03M, Soyuz MS-26	16	590.07
Frank Rubio	1: Soyuz MS-22/MS-23	22	370.89
Mark Vande Hei	2: Soyuz MS-06, Soyuz MS-18/Soyuz MS-19	20	523.37
Jessica Watkins	1: SpaceX Crew-4	22	170.54
Douglas Wheelock	2: STS-120, Soyuz TMA-19	17	178.40
Christopher Williams	1: Soyuz MS-28	23	Currently in space
Stephanie Wilson	3: STS-121, STS-120, STS-131	16	42.99
Reid Wiseman	1: Soyuz TMA-13M, upcoming: Artemis II	20	165.33
Jessica Wittner	None, awaiting assignment	23	0

There are also "international active astronauts", who are assigned to duties at the Johnson Space Center, and who were selected by their home agency to train as part of an NASA Astronaut Group and serve alongside their NASA counterparts. While the international astronauts go through training with the NASA Astronaut Corps, they are not considered members of the corps.

Management astronauts

, the corps has 12 "management" astronauts who remain NASA employees but are no longer eligible for flight assignment. The management astronauts included personnel chosen to join the corps as early as 1987 and as recently as 2009.

Astronaut	Center	Assignment	Group
Joseph Acaba	Johnson Space Center	Advisor, mission planning and strategy	19
Richard Arnold	Johnson Space Center	CAPCOM	19
Serena Auñón-Chancellor	Johnson Space Center	Medical branch / CAPCOM	20
Eric Boe	Johnson Space Center	Chief of the Vehicle Integration Test Office	18
Ken Bowersox	NASA Headquarters	Associate Administrator for Space Operations	12
Yvonne Cagle	Ames Research Center	Fordham University visiting professor	16
Timothy Creamer	Johnson Space Center	Flight director	17
Alvin Drew	NASA Headquarters	Director for space sustainability	18
James Kelly	Johnson Space Center	CAPCOM	16
Kjell Lindgren	Johnson Space Center	Acting Director of the Flight Operations Directorate	20
Richard Linnehan	Johnson Space Center	Exploration and Integration branches	14
Scott Tingle	Johnson Space Center	Chief of the Astronaut Office	20

Astronaut candidates

The term "Astronaut Candidate" refers to individuals who have been selected by NASA as candidates for the NASA Astronaut Corps and are currently undergoing a candidacy training program at the Johnson Space Center. The most recent class of astronaut candidates was selected in 2025.
Only three astronaut candidates have resigned before completing training: Brian O'Leary and Anthony Llewellyn, both from the 1967 Selection Group, and Robb Kulin of the 2017 group. O'Leary resigned in April 1968 after additional Apollo missions were cancelled, Llewellyn resigned in August 1968 after failing to qualify as a jet pilot, and Kulin resigned in August 2018 for unspecified personal reasons. Another astronaut candidate, Stephen Thorne, died in an airplane accident before he could finish astronaut training.