STS-48

STS-48 was a Space Shuttle mission that launched on September 12, 1991, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The orbiter was on her 13th flight. The primary payload was the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The mission landed on September 18 at 12:38 a.m. EDT at Edwards Air Force Base on runway 22. The mission was completed in 81 revolutions of the Earth and traveled. The 5 astronauts carried out a number of experiments and deployed several satellites. The total launch mass was and the landing mass was.

Crew

Crew seat assignments

Mission highlights

Space Shuttle Discovery was launched into a 57.00° inclination orbit from the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A at 7:11 p.m. EDT on September 12, 1991. Launch was delayed for 14 minutes at the T−5 minute mark due to a noise problem in the air-to-ground link. The noise cleared itself, and the countdown proceeded normally to launch.
On the third day of the mission, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite was deployed from Discovery's payload bay above Earth to study human effects on the planet's atmosphere and its shielding ozone layer. The UARS mission objectives were to provide an increased understanding of the energy input into the upper atmosphere, global photochemistry of the upper atmosphere, dynamics of the upper atmosphere, the coupling among these processes, and the coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere. This provided data for a coordinated study of the structure, chemistry, energy balance, and physical action of the Earth's middle atmosphere – that slice of air between and above the Earth. The UARS was the first major flight element of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth, a multi-year global research program that would use ground-based, airborne, and space-based instruments to study the Earth as a complete environmental system. UARS had ten sensing and measuring devices: Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer ; Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder ; Microwave Limb Sounder ; Halogen Occultation Experiment ; High Resolution Doppler Imager ; Wind Imaging Interferometer ; Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ; Solar/Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment ; Particle Environment Monitor and Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor. UARS's initial 18-month mission was extended several times – it was finally retired after 14 years of service.
Secondary payloads were: Ascent Particle Monitor ; Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment ; Shuttle Activation Monitor ; Cosmic Ray Effects and Activation Monitor ; Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment ; Protein Crystal Growth ; Investigations into Polymer Membrane Processing ; and the Air Force Maui Optical Site experiment.
The flight was the first to test an electronic still camera in space, a modified Nikon NASA F4. Images obtained during the flight were monochrome with 8 bits of digital information per pixel and stored on a removable hard disk. The images could be viewed and enhanced on board using a modified lap-top computer before being transmitted to the ground via the orbiter digital downlinks.
STS-48 was the second post-Challenger mission to have Kennedy Space Center as the planned End-Of-Mission landing site, and the first mission to have a planned night landing at KSC. However, due to weather conditions at KSC in Florida, Discovery flew one extra orbit and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, at 3:38 a.m. EDT on September 18, 1991. The orbiter returned to KSC on September 26, 1991.

Ice particles

Video while in orbit on September 15, 1991, shows a flash of light and several objects that appear to be flying in an artificial or controlled fashion. NASA explained the objects as ice particles reacting to engine jets. Philip C. Plait discussed the issue in his book Bad Astronomy, agreeing with NASA. This topic was also discussed in an episode of UFO Hunters.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

Day	Song	Artist/Composer	Played For
Day 2	Hound Dog	Elvis Presley
Day 3	Release Me	Elvis Presley	In anticipation of the release of the UARS
Day 4	The Bare Necessities	The Sherman Brothers	Ken Reightler, chosen by his daughters
Day 5	Are You Lonesome Tonight?	Elvis Presley	Chosen for its line "Are you sorry we drifted apart?" referring to Discovery's separation from its payload
Day 6	Return to Sender	Elvis Presley	In anticipation of their landing that day