List of Germanic languages
The Germanic languages include some 58 languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is part of the Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages.
The standard division of Germanic is into three branches:
They all descend from Proto-Germanic, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.
South Germanic languages, an attempt to classify some of the West Germanic languages into a separate group, is rejected by the overwhelming majority of scholars.
† denotes extinct languages.
West Germanic
- Proto-West Germanic
- * High German languages
- ** Old High German† & Middle High German†
- *** Modern German
- **** Upper German
- ***** High Franconian
- ****** East Franconian
- ****** South Franconian
- ***** Alemannic
- ****** Swabian, including Stuttgart
- ****** Low Alemannic, including the area of Lake Constance and Basel German
- ******* Alsatian
- ******* Colonia Tovar German
- ****** Central Alemannic
- ******* Argentinien-schwyzertütsch
- ****** Italian Walser
- ****** High Alemannic, including Zürich German and Bernese German
- ****** Highest Alemannic, including the Bernese Oberland dialects and Walliser German
- ***** Bavarian
- ****** Northern Bavarian
- ****** Central Bavarian
- ****** Southern Bavarian
- ******* Hutterite German aka "Tirolean"
- ****** Mócheno
- ****** Cimbrian
- **** Central German
- ***** West Central German
- ****** Amana German
- ****** Central Franconian
- ******* Ripuarian Franconian
- ******* Moselle Franconian
- ******** Hunsrik
- ******** Luxembourgish
- ******** Transylvanian Saxon
- ****** Rhine Franconian
- ******* Hessian
- ******* Palatine
- ******** Pennsylvania German
- ****** High Prussian
- **** Yiddish
- ***** Eastern Yiddish
- ***** Western Yiddish
- * Low Franconian languages
- ** Old Frankish†
- *** Old Low Franconian†
- **** Old East Low Franconian† / Old Limburgian†
- ***** Middle Limburgian†
- ****** Limburgian
- **** Old West Low Franconian† / Old Dutch†
- ***** Middle Dutch†
- ****** Modern Dutch
- ******* West Flemish
- ******* East Flemish
- ******* Zeelandic
- ******* Central Dutch
- ******** Hollandic
- ******** Kleverlandish
- ******* Brabantine
- ******** Brusselian
- ******* Stadsfries dialects
- ****** Afrikaans
- * Low German languages
- ** Old Saxon† & Middle Low German†
- *** Modern Low German
- **** West Low German
- ***** Northern Low Saxon
- ***** Frisian Low Saxon">Frisian languages">Frisian Low Saxon
- ***** Westphalian
- ***** Eastphalian
- **** East Low German
- ***** Brandenburgisch
- ***** Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
- ***** Middle Pomeranian
- ***** East Pomeranian
- ***** Low Prussian
- ***** Plautdietsch
- * Anglo-Frisian languages
- ** Old Frisian†
- *** Frisian
- **** West Frisian languages
- ***** West Frisian language
- ****** Clay Frisian
- ****** Wood Frisian
- ******* Noardhoeks
- ****** South Frisian
- ****** Southwest Frisian
- ****** Schiermonnikoogs
- ****** Hindeloopers
- ****** Aasters
- ****** Westers
- **** East Frisian language
- ***** Saterland Frisian
- ***** Wangerooge Frisian†
- ***** Wursten Frisian†
- **** North Frisian language
- ***** Mainland Frisian
- ****** Mooring
- ****** Goesharde Frisian
- ****** Wiedingharde Frisian
- ****** Halligen Frisian
- ****** Karrharde Frisian
- ***** Island Frisian
- ****** Söl'ring
- ****** Fering
- ****** Öömrang
- ****** Heligolandic
- ** Anglic
- *** English language
- **** Old English†
- ***** Middle English†
- ****** Early Modern English†
- ******* Modern English
- ******** British English and Irish English
- ******** North American English
- ******** Australian English and New Zealand English
- ******** South African English
- ******** Zimbabwean English
- ******** South Asian English
- ******** South East Asian English
- ******** West Indian English
- *** Lowland Scots
- **** Early Scots†
- ***** Middle Scots†
- ****** Modern Scots
- ******* Glasgow
- ******* Northern Scots
- ******** North Northern
- ********* Black Isle and Easter Ross
- ********** Cromarty†
- ******** Mid Northern
- ******** South Northern
- ******* Central Scots
- ******* Southern Scots
- ******* Insular Scots
- ******** Orcadian
- ******** Shetland dialect
- ******* Ulster Scots
- *** Yola†
- *** Fingallian†
North Germanic
;Ancestral classification- Proto-Norse †
- * Old Norse †
- ** West Scandinavian
- *** Old West Norse †
- **** Old Norwegian †
- ***** Middle Norwegian †
- ****** Modern Norwegian dialects
- *******
- ********
- ******** Brønnøy dialect
- ********
- ******** other dialects
- ******* Trøndersk
- ********
- ********
- ******** Jämtland dialects
- ******** Meldal dialect
- ********
- ******** other dialects
- ******* Vestlandsk
- ******** West '
- ********* Bergen dialect
- *********
- *********
- *********
- *********
- **********
- *********
- ********* Sandnes dialect
- ********* Sogn dialect
- *********
- ********* Stavanger dialect
- *********
- ******** South '
- ********* Arendal dialect
- *********
- ******** other dialects
- *******
- ********
- ********* Vikværsk dialects
- **********
- **********
- **********
- ********** Oslo dialect
- *********
- **********
- ***********
- ***********
- *********
- ********** Hedmark dialects
- ***********
- *********
- *********
- ********** Särna-Idre dialect
- ********
- ********* Gudbrandsdal dialect
- ********* Hallingdal-Valdres dialects
- **********
- ********** Valdris dialect
- ********* Telemark-Numedal dialects
- **********
- ******** other dialects
- ***** Old Faroese †
- ****** Middle Faroese †
- ******* Modern Faroese
- ***** Norn †
- ****** Caithness Norn †
- ****** Orkney Norn †
- ****** Shetland Norn †
- **** Old Icelandic †
- ***** Middle Icelandic †
- ****** Modern Icelandic
- **** Greenlandic Norse †
- ** East Scandinavian
- *** Old East Norse †
- **** Old Danish †
- ***** Middle Danish †
- ****** Modern Danish
- ******* Bornholmsk
- ******* Island Danish
- ******* Jutlandic/Jutish
- ******** North Jutlandic
- ******** East Jutlandic
- ******** West Jutlandic
- ******** South Jutlandic
- ****** Gøtudanskt
- ****** Urban East Norwegian
- **** Old Swedish †
- ***** Modern Swedish
- ****** Norrland dialects
- ****** Svealand Swedish
- ******* Dalecarlian
- ******** Elfdalian
- ****** Götamål
- ****** East Swedish
- ******* Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
- ******* Other dialects of Finland Swedish
- *******Estonian Swedish
- ******South Swedish
- ****** Gutnish
- ******* Old Gutnish †
- ******** Modern Gutnish