Hallingmål-Valdris

Phonology

Consonants

• is usually realized as a prestopped nasal, while the allophone only occurs in words like baren "the bar".
• also has a prestopped realization.
• The phoneme which is commonly called thick L, exists in words that had either or in Old Norse. In Vang Municipality, occurs only in the first case.
• The consonant clusters,, and were not pronounced as, only was. Sørbygdi in Flå Municipality pronounces as, while Gulsvik pronounces it as.
• The consonant clusters and were mostly assimilated to. Hol Municipality and Ål Municipality assimilated these to, and Sørbygdi in Flå Municipality assimilated to.
• The clusters, and are pronounced as spelled.
• The Old Norse cluster is pronounced as assimilated or.

  Vowels

• The back vowels and in older Hallingmål-Valdris were pronounced as in Old Norse, without the vowel shift to, respectively, and that is found in most other Norwegian dialects.
• The short Old Norse vowels and are pronounced as central almost everywhere, except for Ål Municipality, where these are back. In Valdres, the schwa can also be realized as.
• Traditionally, were pronounced as open-mid.
• The words pronounced and mean "I" and "am", respectively.
• Itacism is found in southern Hallingdal, making the vowel to be unrounded to.
• The Old Norse diphthongs, and are traditionally pronounced as, and. This is occurs today especially in upper Valdres and Hol Municipality, and Ål Municipality.

  Grammar

Literature