February 29
February 29 is known as a leap day, which is periodically added as the last day of the month to the Julian and Gregorian calendars, as an intercalary date, to create leap years. Its main function is to keep the calendars aligned with the Earth's seasons, as the planet orbits the sun.
In the older Julian calendar, leap days are added to every year that is evenly divisible by four. However, this causes the calendar to slowly become misaligned with the Earth's seasons, by about 3 days every 400 years..
The Gregorian calendar is the standard civil calendar used in most of the world, and is a slight modification of the Julian calendar. In this calendar, a centennial year does not have a February 29 unless it is also evenly divisible by 400. Thus, in contrast to the Julian calendar, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 did not have leap year days but both calendars had a February 29 in the years 1600 and 2000.
The convention of adding a "February 29" to be the leap day was not widely used before the 15th century. Instead, beginning with Julius Caesar's calendar edict of 45 BC until the 16th century, February 24 was doubled two successive days had the same date.
February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year for both the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and 306 days remain until the end of the leap year. It is also the last day of meteorological winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the last day of meteorological summer in the Southern Hemisphere in leap years.
Events
Pre-1600
- 888 - Odo, count of Paris, is crowned king of West Francia by Archbishop Walter of Sens at Compiègne.
- 1504 - Christopher Columbus uses his knowledge of a lunar eclipse that night to convince Jamaican natives to provide him with supplies.
1601–1900
- 1644 - Abel Tasman's second Pacific voyage begins as he leaves Batavia in command of three ships.
- 1704 - In Queen Anne's War, French forces and Native Americans stage a raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts Bay Colony, killing 56 villagers and taking more than 100 captive.
- 1712 - February 29 is followed by February 30 in Sweden, in a move to abolish the Swedish calendar for a return to the Julian calendar.
- 1720 - Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden abdicates in favour of her husband, who becomes King Frederick I on March 24.
- 1768 - Polish nobles form the Bar Confederation.
- 1796 - The Jay Treaty between the United States and Great Britain comes into force, facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the two nations.
- 1892 - St. Petersburg, Florida is incorporated.
1901–present
- 1908 - James Madison University is founded at Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States as The State Normal and Industrial School for Women by the Virginia General Assembly.
- 1912 - The Piedra Movediza of Tandil falls and breaks.
- 1916 - Tokelau is annexed by the United Kingdom.
- 1916 - In South Carolina, the minimum working age for factory, mill and mine workers is raised from 12 to 14 years old.
- 1920 - The Czechoslovak National Assembly adopts the Constitution.
- 1936 - The February 26 Incident in Tokyo ends.
- 1940 - For her performance as Mammy in Gone with the Wind, Hattie McDaniel becomes the first African American to win an Academy Award.
- 1940 - Finland initiates Winter War peace negotiations.
- 1940 - In a ceremony held in Berkeley, California, physicist Ernest Lawrence receives the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics from Sweden's consul general in San Francisco.
- 1944 - The Admiralty Islands are invaded in Operation Brewer, led by American general Douglas MacArthur, in World War II.
- 1960 - The 5.7 Agadir earthquake shakes coastal Morocco with a maximum perceived intensity of X, destroying Agadir and leaving 12,000 dead and another 12,000 injured.
- 1964 - British Eagle International Airlines Flight 802/6 crashes into the Glungezer mountain in the Tux Alps of Austria, killing all 75 people aboard.
- 1968 - Aeroflot Flight 15 crashes Irkutsk Oblast, Soviet Union, due to a loss of control. Eighty-three of the 84 occupants onboard die. The exact cause of the accident is unknown.
- 1972 - South Korea withdraws 11,000 of its 48,000 troops from South Vietnam as part of Nixon's Vietnamization policy in the Vietnam War.
- 1980 - Gordie Howe of the Hartford Whalers makes NHL history as he scores his 800th goal.
- 1984 - Pierre Trudeau announces his retirement as Liberal Party leader and Prime Minister of Canada.
- 1988 - South African archbishop Desmond Tutu is arrested along with 100 other clergymen during a five-day anti-apartheid demonstration in Cape Town.
- 1988 - Svend Robinson becomes the first member of the House of Commons of Canada to come out as gay.
- 1992 - A referendum is begun in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the determination of Bosnian independence.
- 1996 - Faucett Perú Flight 251 crashes in the Andes; all 123 passengers and crew are killed.
- 1996 - The Siege of Sarajevo officially ends.
- 2000 - Chechens attack a guard post near Ulus Kert, eventually killing 84 Russian paratroopers during the Second Chechen War.
- 2004 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide is removed as president of Haiti following a coup.
- 2004 - Angelina Jolie wears a White Marc Bouwer dress to the 76th Academy Awards, which has since been placed on numerous lists for best Oscars fashion.
- 2008 - The United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence withdraws Prince Harry from a tour of Afghanistan after news of his deployment is leaked to foreign media.
- 2008 - Misha Defonseca admits to fabricating her memoir, Misha: A Mémoire of the Holocaust Years, in which she claims to have lived with a pack of wolves in the woods during the Holocaust.
- 2012 - North Korea agrees to suspend uranium enrichment and nuclear and long-range missile tests in return for US food aid.
- 2016 - In the Miqdadiyah bombing: at least 40 people are killed and 58 others wounded following a suicide bombing by ISIL at a Shi'ite funeral in the city of Miqdadiyah, Diyala, Iraq.
- 2020 - During a demonstration, pro-government colectivos shoot at disputed President and Speaker of the National Assembly Juan Guaidó and his supporters in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, leaving five injured.
- 2020 - The United States and the Taliban sign the Doha Agreement for bringing peace to Afghanistan.
- 2020 - Muhyiddin Yassin is appointed as the 8th Prime Minister of Malaysia, amid the 2020 Malaysian political crisis.
- 2020 - Luxembourg becomes the first country in the world to render public transport free nationwide.
- 2024 - The Flour Massacre took place in the Gaza Strip: Israeli forces opened fire on Palestinians waiting for aid amidst the Gaza war, killing over 100 and wounding 750.
Births
Pre-1600
- 1468 - Pope Paul III
- 1528 - Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
- 1528 - Domingo Báñez, Spanish theologian
- 1572 - Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon
- 1576 - Antonio Neri, Florentine priest and glassmaker
1601–1900
- 1640 - Benjamin Keach, Particular Baptist preacher and author whose name is given to Keach's Catechism
- 1692 - John Byrom, English poet and educator
- 1724 - Eva Marie Veigel, Austrian-English dancer
- 1736 - Ann Lee, English-American religious leader, founder of the Shakers
- 1792 - Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer
- 1812 - James Milne Wilson, Scottish-Australian soldier and politician, eighth Premier of Tasmania
- 1828 - Emmeline B. Wells, American journalist, poet and activist
- 1836 - Dickey Pearce, American baseball player and manager
- 1840 - Theodor Leber, German ophthalmologist
- 1852 - Frank Gavan Duffy, Irish-Australian lawyer and judge, fourth Chief Justice of Australia
- 1852 - Prince George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg
- 1860 - Herman Hollerith, American statistician and businessman, co-founder of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
- 1884 - Richard S. Aldrich, American lawyer and politician
- 1892 - Augusta Savage, American sculptor
- 1896 - Morarji Desai, Indian civil servant and politician, fourth Prime Minister of India
- 1896 - William A. Wellman, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1901–present
- 1904 - Jimmy Dorsey, American saxophonist, composer and bandleader
- 1904 - Pepper Martin, American baseball player and manager
- 1908 - Balthus, French-Swiss painter and illustrator
- 1908 - Dee Brown, American historian and author
- 1908 - Alf Gover, English cricketer and coach
- 1908 - Louie Myfanwy Thomas, Welsh writer
- 1912 - Kamil Tolon, Turkish industrialist
- 1916 - James B. Donovan, American lawyer
- 1916 - Leonard Shoen, founder of U-Haul Corp.
- 1920 - Fyodor Abramov, Russian author and critic
- 1920 - Arthur Franz, American actor
- 1920 - James Mitchell, American actor and dancer
- 1920 - Michèle Morgan, French-American actress and singer
- 1920 - Rolland W. Redlin, American lawyer and politician
- 1924 - David Beattie, New Zealand judge and politician, 14th Governor-General of New Zealand
- 1924 - Carlos Humberto Romero, Salvadoran politician, President of El Salvador
- 1924 - Al Rosen, American baseball player and manager
- 1928 - Joss Ackland, English actor
- 1928 - Jean Adamson, British writer and illustrator
- 1928 - Vance Haynes, American archaeologist, geologist and author
- 1928 - Michael Henshall, English Anglican suffragan bishop
- 1928 - Seymour Papert, South African mathematician and computer scientist, co-creator of the Logo programming language
- 1928 - Tempest Storm, born Annie Banks, "The Queen Of Exotic Dancers", American burlesque performer and actress
- 1932 - Gene H. Golub, American mathematician and academic
- 1932 - Masten Gregory, American race car driver
- 1932 - Reri Grist, American soprano and actress
- 1932 - Jaguar, Brazilian cartoonist
- 1932 - Gavin Stevens, Australian cricketer
- 1936 - Nh. Dini, Indonesian writer
- 1936 - Jack R. Lousma, American colonel, astronaut and politician
- 1936 - Henri Richard, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1936 - Alex Rocco, American actor
- 1940 - Sonja Barend, Dutch talk show host
- 1940 - Bartholomew I, current Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
- 1944 - Dennis Farina, American police officer and actor
- 1944 - Nicholas Frayling, English priest and academic
- 1944 - Phyllis Frelich, American actress
- 1944 - Steve Mingori, American baseball player
- 1944 - Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri, Italian author and illustrator
- 1944 - Lennart Svedberg, Swedish ice hockey player.
- 1944 - Saeed Poursamimi, Iranian actor
- 1948 - Hermione Lee, English author, critic and academic
- 1948 - Manoel Maria, Brazilian footballer
- 1948 - Patricia A. McKillip, American author
- 1948 - Sonny M'Pokomandji, Central African basketball player and politician, Minister of Equipment and Transport
- 1952 - Tim Powers, American author and educator
- 1952 - Raisa Smetanina, Russian cross-country skier
- 1952 - Bart Stupak, American police officer and politician
- 1956 - Knut Agnred, Swedish singer, actor and comedian
- 1956 - Jonathan Coleman, English-Australian radio and television host
- 1956 - Bob Speller, Canadian businessman and politician, 30th Canadian Minister of Agriculture
- 1956 - Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer
- 1960 - Khaled, Algerian singer-songwriter
- 1960 - Richard Ramirez, American serial killer and sex offender
- 1960 - Tony Robbins, American author and motivational activist
- 1964 - Dave Brailsford, English cyclist and coach
- 1964 - Carmel Busuttil, former Maltese footballer
- 1964 - Lyndon Byers, Canadian ice hockey player and radio host
- 1964 - Mervyn Warren, American tenor, composer and producer
- 1968 - Chucky Brown, American basketball player and coach
- 1968 - Gareth Farr, New Zealand composer and percussionist
- 1968 - Pete Fenson, American curler
- 1968 - Bryce Paup, American football player and coach
- 1968 - Howard Tayler, American author and illustrator
- 1968 - Eugene Volokh, Ukrainian-American lawyer and educator
- 1968 - Frank Woodley, Australian actor, producer and screenwriter
- 1972 - Sylvie Lubamba, Italian showgirl
- 1972 - Mike Pollitt, English footballer and coach
- 1972 - Antonio Sabàto Jr., Italian-American model and actor
- 1972 - Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister of Spain
- 1972 - Dave Williams, American singer
- 1972 - Saul Williams, American singer-songwriter
- 1972 - Pedro Zamora, Cuban-American activist and educator
- 1976 - Vonteego Cummings, American basketball player
- 1976 - Katalin Kovács, Hungarian sprint kayaker
- 1976 - Terrence Long, American baseball player
- 1976 - Ja Rule, American rapper and actor
- 1980 - Çağdaş Atan, Turkish footballer and coach
- 1980 - Simon Gagné, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1980 - Rubén Plaza, Spanish cyclist
- 1980 - Clinton Toopi, New Zealand rugby league player
- 1980 - Taylor Twellman, American soccer player and sportscaster
- 1980 - Peter Scanavino, American actor
- 1984 - Darren Ambrose, English footballer
- 1984 - Rica Imai, Japanese model and actress
- 1984 - Cullen Jones, American swimmer
- 1984 - Nuria Martínez, Spanish basketball player
- 1984 - Lena Raine, American video game composer and producer
- 1984 - Rakhee Thakrar, English actress
- 1984 - Cam Ward, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1984 - Mark Foster, American singer, songwriter and musician
- 1988 - Lena Gercke, German model and television host
- 1988 - Benedikt Höwedes, German footballer
- 1988 - Coco Khan, British writer
- 1988 - Brent Macaffer, Australian Rules footballer
- 1988 - Hannah Mills, Welsh sports sailor
- 1992 - Sean Abbott, Australian cricketer
- 1992 - Eric Kendricks, American football player
- 1992 - Jessica Long, American paralympic swimmer
- 1992 - Jessie T. Usher, American actor
- 1992 - Saphir Taïder, Algerian footballer
- 1996 - Nelson Asofa-Solomona, New Zealand rugby league player
- 1996 - Norberto Briasco, Argentine-Armenian footballer
- 1996 - Reece Prescod, British sprinter
- 1996 - Claudia Williams, New Zealand tennis player
- 2000 - Tyrese Haliburton, American basketball player
- 2000 - Ferran Torres, Spanish footballer
- 2000 - Jesper Lindstrøm, Danish footballer
- 2004 - Lydia Jacoby, American swimmer
- 2004 - Abdukodir Khusanov, Uzbek footballer
- 2008 - Rémi Himbert, French footballer