List of writing genres
Writing genres are categories that distinguish literature based on some set of stylistic criteria. Sharing literary conventions, they typically consist of similarities in theme/topic, style, tropes, and storytelling devices; common settings and character types; and/or formulaic patterns of character interactions and events, and an overall predictable form.
A literary genre may fall under either one of two categories: a work of fiction, involving non-factual descriptions and events invented by the author; or a work of nonfiction, in which descriptions and events are understood to be factual. In literature, a work of fiction can refer to a flash narrative, short story, novella, and novel, the latter being the longest form of literary prose. Every work of fiction falls into a literary 'subgenre', each with its own style, tone, and storytelling devices.
Moreover, these genres are formed by shared literary conventions that change over time as new genres emerge while others fade. Accordingly, they are often defined by the cultural expectations and needs of a particular historical and cultural moment or place.
According to Alastair Fowler, the following elements can define genres: organizational features ; length; mood; style; the reader's role ; and the author's reason for writing.
History
Genres are formed shared literary conventions that change over time as new genres emerge while others fade. As such, genres are not wholly fixed categories of writing; rather, their content evolves according to social and cultural contexts and contemporary questions of morals and norms.The most enduring genres are those literary forms that were defined and performed by the Ancient Greeks; definitions sharpened by the proscriptions of modern civilization's earliest literary critics and rhetorical scholars, such as Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Aeschylus, Aspasia, Euripides, and others. The prevailing genres of literary composition in Ancient Greece were all written and constructed to explore cultural, moral, or ethical questions; they were ultimately defined as the genres of epic, tragedy, and comedy. Aristotle's proscriptive analysis of tragedy, for example, as expressed in his Rhetoric and Poetics, saw it as having 6 parts working together in particular ways. Thus, Aristotle established one of the earliest delineations of the elements that define genre.
Fiction genres
- By age
- * Children's: stories, books, magazines, and poems that are created for children.
- *Fratire: 21st-century fiction literature written for and marketed to young men in a politically incorrect and overtly masculine fashion.
- *Lad lit: Male-authored popular novels about young men and their emotional and personal lives
- *Chick lit
- *New adult fiction: developing genre of fiction with protagonists in the 18–29 age bracket.
- * Young adult
- Battle royal
- Classic : works with artistic/literary merit that are typically character-driven rather than plot-driven, following a character's inner story. They often include political criticism, social commentary, and reflections on humanity. These works are part of an accepted literary canon and widely taught in schools.
- Coming-of-age
- * Bildungsroman: works that focus on the psychological and moral growth of a character from youth into adulthood.
- Encyclopedic
- Epic: a narrative defined by heroic or legendary adventures presented in a long format.
- * Epic poetry: narrative poetry about extraordinary feats occurring in a time before history, involving religious underpinnings and themes.
- Fabulation: A class composed mostly of 20th-century novels that are in a style similar to magical realism, and do not fit into the traditional categories of realism.
- Folklore
- * Animal tale
- * Fable: short story that anthropomorphizes non-humans to illustrate a moral lesson
- * Fairy tale
- * Ghost story
- * Legend: story, sometimes of a national or folk hero, that has a basis in fact but also includes imaginative material
- * Myth: traditional narrative, often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods.
- * Parable
- * Personal narrative
- * Urban legend
- Historical: works that take place in the past—which can be real, imagined, or a combination. Many such works involve actual historical figures or historical events within historical settings.
- * Alternate history: fiction in which one or more historical events occur differently than how they transpired in reality. Example: The Man in the High Castle.
- * Historical fantasy
- * Historical mystery
- * Historical romance
- ** Regency romance
- * Nautical fiction
- ** Pirate novel
- Metafiction : uses self-reference to draw attention to itself as a work of art while exposing the "truth" of a story.
- * Metaparody
- Nonsense
- * Nonsense verse
- Paranoid
- Pastoral
- Philosophical
- Pop culture: fiction written with the intention of being filled with references from other works and media. Stories in this genre focused solely on using pop culture references.
- Postmodern
- Realist: works that are set in a time and place that are true to life, abiding by real-world laws of nature. They depict real people, places, and stories to be as truthful as possible.
- * Hysterical
- Religious or inspirational
- * Christian
- * Islamic
- * Theological: fiction that explores the theological ideas that shape attitudes towards religious expression.
- * Visionary
- Satire: usually fiction and less frequently in non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.
- * Horatian
- * Juvenalian
- * Menippean
- Social and political fiction
- * Libertarian sci-fi
- * Social sci-fi
- * Political thriller
- Theatre-fiction
- Thriller : typically dark and suspenseful plot-driven fiction involving a person or group facing imminent harm, and the attempts made to evade that harm. Thrillers regularly use plot twists, red herrings, and cliffhangers, and seldom include comedic elements.
- * Conspiracy
- * Erotic
- * Legal
- * Financial
- * Political
- * Psychological
- * Romantic suspense
- * Techno-thriller
- Urban: fiction set in an urban environment.
- Western: works that follow cowboys, settlers, and outlaws exploring the American frontier and Old West, typically in the late-19th to early-20th century.
- * Florida
- * Northern
- * Space
- * Western romance
- * Weird West
Action and adventure
- Adventure fantasy
- * Heroic fantasy
- * Lost world
- * Sword-and-sandal
- * Sword-and-sorcery
- * Sword-and-soul
- * Wuxia
- Nautical
- * Pirate
- Robinsonade
- Spy: fiction involving espionage and establishment of modern intelligence agencies.
- * Spy-Fi: spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction.
- Subterranean
- Superhero
- Swashbuckler: fiction based on a time of swordsmen, pirates and ships, and other related ideas, usually full of action.
- * Picaresque
Comedy
- Burlesque
- Fantasy
- Comedy horror
- Conte
- Parody
- * Metaparody
- Sci-fi
- Surreal comedy
- Tall tale: humorous story with blatant exaggerations, such as swaggering heroes who do the impossible with nonchalance.
- Tragicomedy: a work containing elements of both comedy and tragedy.
Crime and mystery
- Caper: fiction told from the point of view of the criminals rather than the investigator. Well-known writers in this genre include W. R. Burnett, John Boland, Peter O’Donnell, and Michael Crichton.
- Giallo
- Legal thriller
- Mystery: fiction that follows a crime as it is committed, investigated, and solved, as well as providing clues and revealing information/secrets as the story unfolds.
- * Cozy mystery: mystery fiction that contain no sex, violence, or profanity. Well-known writers in this genre include Dorothy L. Sayers and Elizabeth Daly.
- * City mysteries
- * Detective: fiction that follows a detective or other investigator as they investigate or solve a mystery/crime. Detective novels generally begin with a mysterious incident. One of the most popular examples is the Sherlock Holmes stories; well-known detective novelists include Agatha Christie and Raymond Chandler.
- ** Gong'an
- ** Girl detective
- ** Inverted detective story
- ** Occult detective
- ** Hardboiled
- ** Historical mystery
- ** Locked-room mystery
- ** Police procedural: mystery fiction that feature a protagonist who is a member of the police force. Well-known novelists in this genre include Ed McBain, P. D. James, and Bartholomew Gill.
- ** Whodunit: mystery fiction that focuses on the puzzle regarding who committed the crime.
- Noir
- * Nordic noir
- * Tart Noir
Speculative fiction
Fantasy
is a speculative fiction that use imaginary characters set in fictional universes inspired by mythology and folklore, often including magical elements, magical creatures, or the supernatural. Examples: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the Harry Potter books.- Action-adventure
- * Heroic
- * Lost world
- * Subterranean
- * Sword-and-sandal
- * Sword-and-sorcery
- * Wuxia
- Contemporary
- * Occult detective fiction
- * Paranormal romance
- * Urban
- Cozy
- Dark
- Fairytale
- Fantastique
- Fantasy comedy
- * Bangsian
- Fantasy of manners
- Gaslamp
- Gothic
- Grimdark
- Hard
- High
- Historical
- Isekai
- Juvenile
- Low
- Magic realism: normal in the world in which the story takes place.
- Mythic: fiction that is rooted in, inspired by, or that in some way draws from the tropes, themes, and symbolism of myth, legend, folklore, and fairy tales.
- * Mythopoeia: fiction in which characters from religious mythology, traditional myths, folklore, and/or history are recast into a re-imagined realm created by the author.
- * Mythpunk
- Romantic
- Science: science fiction based in elements of fantasy.
- * Dying Earth
- * Planetary romance
- * Sword and planet
- Shenmo
- Superhero
- Supernatural
- Weird fiction
- * New weird
- Weird West
- Xenofiction