1290


Year 1290 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

  • July 10 - King Ladislaus IV of Hungary is assassinated at the castle of Körösszeg. He is succeeded by Andrew III, after an election by Hungarian nobles, who is crowned by Archbishop Lodomer as new ruler of Hungary and Croatia in Székesfehérvár on July 23.
  • December 18 - King Magnus Birgersson of Sweden dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Birger Magnusson.

    Britain

  • July 18 - Edict of Expulsion: King Edward I of England orders all Jews to leave the country by November 1. The edict was decreed on Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many calamities. They are eventually allowed back in 1656.
  • September - The 7-year-old Margaret, Maid of Norway, queen-designate and heir to the crown of Scotland, dies en route to the British Isles in Orkney, leading to thirteen competitors for the crown of Scotland, a succession crisis.
  • November 28 - Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I, dies while traveling in the North. She has been suffering from illness for some time, and the cold and dampness of the winter months probably aggravate her condition.
  • December - Edward I travels with the body of Queen Eleanor from Lincoln to London. Remembering his wife, Edward erects a series of crosses at each location that the body rests overnight. These are known as the twelve Eleanor crosses.
  • Winter - The second of the Statutes of Mortmain passed during the reign of Edward I prevents land from passing into the possession of the Church.
  • Quia Emptores, a statute passed by Edward I, puts an end to the practice of subinfeudations. The statute allows land to be sold according to royal approval, as long as the new owner answers directly to his lord or the king.

    Levant

  • June - Genoa concludes a new commercial treaty with the Mamluks; five galleys sent by King James II of Aragon join the Venetian Crusader fleet on its way to Acre. On board the fleet are Italian urban militias and mercenary forces under Seneschal Jean I de Grailly, who have fought for the Papal States in the so-called Italian Crusades.
  • August - Italian Crusaders massacre Muslim merchants and peasants, and some local Christians in Acre. Some claim it began at a drunken party – others that a European husband found his wife making love to a Muslim. The barons and local knights try to rescue a few Muslims and take them to the safety of the castle, while some ringleaders are arrested.
  • August 30 - Survivors and relatives of the massacre at Acre take bloodstained clothing to Sultan Qalawun in Cairo, who demands that the leaders of the riot be handed over for trial, but the nobles refuse to send them and Qalawun now obtains legal clearance from the religious authorities in Cairo to break the truce with Crusader states.
  • October - Qalawun orders a general mobilization of the Mamluk forces. In a council, it is decided that a peace delegation be sent to Cairo under Guillaume de Beaujeu, Grand Master of the Knights Templar. However, Qalawun demands huge compensation for those killed in Acre, and sends a Syrian army to the coast of Palestine, near Caesarea.
  • November 10 - Qalawun dies as the Egyptian Mamluk army sets out for Acre. He is succeeded by his eldest son Al-Ashraf Khalil as ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate. Khalil orders his allies and tributaries in Syria to prepare for a campaign next spring. Governors and castle commanders are ordered to assemble siege equipment and armor.

    Asia

  • June 13 - Shamsuddin Kayumars, Mamluk ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, is murdered and succeeded by Jalal-ud-din Khalji, founder of the Khalji dynasty, ending Mamluk rule and instigating the Khalji Revolution.
  • September 27 - The 6.8 Zhili earthquake affects the province of Zhili in China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX, killing 7,270–100,000 people.

    By topic

Art and Culture