Demographics of the United States

The United States is the List of countries in the [Americas by population|most populous country in the Americas] and the Western Hemisphere, with an estimated population of 341,784,857 on July 1, 2025, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The country's population grew by only 1.8 million, or 0.5%, between 2024 and 2025, due to a decline in net international migration. The previous year, the Census Bureau had reported a population increase of 0.98% between 2023 and 2024, slightly below the world estimated annual growth rate of 1.03%. With about 4% of the world's population, the U.S. is the third most populous country. These figures include the 50 states and the federal capital, Washington, D.C., but exclude the 3.6 million residents of five unincorporated U.S. territories as well as several minor uninhabited island possessions. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and urban divide, the state of Illinois is the most representative of the larger demography of the United States.
The United States population almost quadrupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. It is estimated to have reached the 200 million mark in 1967, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006. Foreign-born immigration caused the U.S. population to continue its rapid increase, with this population doubling from almost 20 million in 1990 to over 45 million in 2015, representing one-third of the population increase. The U.S. Census Bureau reported in late 2024 that recent immigration to the United States had more than offset the country's lower birth and fertility rates: "Net international migration's influence on population trends has increased over the last few years. Since 2021, it accounted for the majority of the nation's growth—a departure from the last two decades, when natural increase was the main factor." This in turn led to an increase in the U.S. population in each of the years 2022, 2023, and 2024.
Population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to a 2020 U.S. Census Bureau analysis, 50% of U.S. children under the age of 18 are members of ethnic minority groups.
As of 2020, white Americans numbered 235,411,507 or 71% of the population, including people who identified as white in combination with another race. People who identified as white alone numbered 204,277,273 or 61.6% of the population, while non-Latino whites made up 57.8% of the country's population.
Latino Americans accounted for 51.1% of the country's total population growth between 2010 and 2020. The Hispanic or Latino population increased from 50.5 million in 2010 to 62.1 million in 2020, a 23% increase and a numerical increase of more than 11.6 million. Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.
Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, with a growth rate of 35%. However, multiracial Asian Americans make up the fastest-growing subgroup, with a growth rate of 55%, reflecting the increase of mixed-race marriages in the United States.
, births to White American mothers remain around 50% of the U.S. total, a decline of 3% compared to 2021. In the same time period, births to Asian American and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.

Population

In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million white Americans in the United States, representing 88% of the total population, 8.8 million Black Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states, and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics.
Under federal law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased, from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007. Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s.
In 1900, non-Hispanic whites comprised almost 97% of the population of the 10 largest U.S. Largest [cities in the United States by population by decade|cities]. The Census Bureau reported that minorities made up 50.4% of the children born in the U.S. between July 2010 and July 2011, compared to 37% in 1990.
In 2014, the state with the lowest fertility rate was Rhode Island, with a rate of 1.56, while Utah had the greatest rate with a rate of 2.33. This correlates with the ages of the states' populations: Rhode Island has the ninth-oldest median age in the US39.2while Utah has the youngest29.0.
In 2017, the U.S. birth rate remains well below the replacement level needed – at least 2.1 children per woman so as not to experience population decreases – as white American births fell in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Among non-Hispanic white women, no states had a fertility rate above the replacement level. Among non-Hispanic Black women, 12 states reached above the replacement level needed. Among Hispanic women, 29 states did. For non-Hispanic white women, the highest total fertility rate was in Utah, at 2.099, and the lowest in the District of Columbia, at 1.012. Among non-Hispanic Black women, the highest total fertility rate was in Maine, at 4.003, and the lowest in Wyoming, at 1.146. For Hispanic women, the highest total fertility rate was in Alabama, at 3.085, and the lowest in Vermont, at 1.200, and Maine, at 1.281. As of 2016, due to aging, low birth rates and rising mortality driven partly by drug overdoses, deaths outnumber births among non-Hispanic whites in more than half the states in the country.

Growth rate

U.S. population growth rates: 0.98%, 0.83%, 0.58%, 0.16%, 0.41%
Age and sex distribution

Sex distribution

The 2020 U.S. Census reported there were more females than males with females making up 50.9% of the population and males making up 49.1%. The previous census in 2010 also reported that there were more females than males; but females made up slightly less of the population at 50.8% and males made slightly more at 49.2%.
The first U.S. Census to report more females than males was the 1950 Census.

Age	Total	% of U.S. pop.	Males	Females	% male	% female	Sex ratio
0	3,564	1.1%	1,822	1,743	51.1%	48.9%	1.05
< 5	18,827	5.7%	9,624	9,203	51.1%	48.9%	1.05
< 15	60,467	18.2%	30,989	29,578	51.2%	48.8%	1.05
15-24	43,089	13.0%	21,996	21,092	51.0%	49.0%	1.04
25-34	45,495	13.7%	23,053	22,442	50.7%	49.3%	1.03
35-44	43,404	13.1%	21,858	21,546	50.4%	49.6%	1.01
45-54	40,688	12.3%	20,312	20,376	49.9%	50.1%	0.99
55-64	42,803	12.9%	20,963	21,840	49.0%	51.0%	0.96
65+	55,848	16.8%	25,214	30,634	45.1%	54.9%	0.82
75+	22,182	6.7%	9,344	12,837	42.1%	57.9%	0.73
85+	5,976	1.8%	2,176	3,800	36.4%	63.6%	0.57
100+	98	0.03%	25	73	25.5%	74.5%	0.34
Total	331,894	100%	164,385	167,509	49.5%	50.5%	0.98

Note that this table shows some people in more than one group: for example someone aged 90 is included three times: in "65+", "75+" and "85+".

Age Group	Percentage
0–14 years	18.2%
15–24 years	13.0%
25–54 years	39.0%
55–64 years	12.9%
65 years and over	16.8%

Percent distribution of the total population by age: 1900 to 2015

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, United Nations medium variant projections

Ages	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2015
0–14 years	34.5	32.1	31.8	29.4	25.0	26.9	31.1	28.5	22.6	21.5	21.4	20.2	19.8
15–24 years	19.6	19.7	17.7	18.3	18.2	14.7	13.4	17.4	18.8	14.8	13.9
25–44 years	28.1	29.2	29.6	29.5	30.1	30.0	26.2	23.6	27.7	32.5	30.2
45–64 years	13.7	14.6	16.1	17.5	19.8	20.3	20.1	20.6	19.6	18.6	22.0
65 years and over	4.1	4.3	4.7	5.4	6.8	8.1	9.2	9.9	11.3	12.6	12.4	13.0	14.3
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	33.2	34.1

Dependency ratio

The dependency ratio is the age-population ratio of people who are normally not in the labor force to those who are. It is used to gauge the strain on the populace that is productive. The support ratio is the ratio of the working-age population to the elderly population, that is, the reciprocal of the aged dependency ratio.

Category	Global ranking	References
Total dependency ratio	110th
Child dependency ratio	138th
Aged dependency ratio	42nd
Potential support ratio	160th

Density

The most densely populated state is New Jersey.
The population is highly urbanized, with 83.3% of the population residing in cities and suburbs. Large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the United States and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prairie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast – with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage – and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu. California and Texas are the most populous states, as the mean center of U.S. population has consistently shifted westward and southward. New York City is the most populous city in the United States and has been since at least 1790.
In the U.S. territories, population centers include the San Juan metro area in Puerto Rico, Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands, and the island of Tutuila in American Samoa.

Median age of the population

The median age of the total population as of 2021 is 38.8 years; the male median age is 37.7 years; the female median age is 39.8 years.
Median age of the U.S. population through history. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Census, United States Census Bureau and The World Factbook.

Years	Median age of males	Median age of females	Median age of the total population
1820	16.6	16.8	16.7
1830	17.2	17.3	17.2
1840	17.9	17.8	17.8
1850	19.2	18.6	18.9
1860	19.8	19.1	19.4
1870	20.2	20.1	20.2
1880	21.2	20.7	20.9
1890	22.3	21.6	22.0
1900	23.3	22.4	22.9
1910	24.6	23.5	24.1
1920	25.8	24.7	25.3
1930	26.7	25.2	26.5
1940	29.1	29.0	29.0
1950	29.9	30.5	30.2
1960	28.7	30.4	29.6
1970	26.8	29.8	28.1
1980	28.8	31.2	30.0
1990	31.7	34.1	32.9
2000	34.0	36.5	35.3
2010	35.8	38.5	37.2
2018	36.9	37.7	38.2
2021	37.7	39.8	38.8

Population centers

The United States has dozens of major cities, including 31 "global cities" of all types, with 10 in the "alpha" group of global cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Boston, San Francisco, Miami, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Atlanta., the United States had 56 metropolitan areas with 1 million or more inhabitants.
, about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas. That means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area.

Population by year (includes estimates)

This table includes the official United States population by year from the U.S. Census Bureau, and includes the Bureau's intercensal estimates. Such estimates are taken on July 1 of each year but are not included for the years of the decennial census. Whether the figure is a decennial census or an intercensal estimate is noted.

National population

Vital statistics

U.S. demographic table

Sources:
Notable events in American demographics:

1917–1918: World War I and Spanish flu pandemic
1929–1939: Great Depression
1941–1945: World War II
1946–1964: mid-20th-century baby boom
2008: 2008 financial crisis
2020–2021: COVID-19 pandemic

Year	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Natural change	Crude migration change	Total fertility rate	Infant mortality rate
1870	38,600,000	1,500,000	750,000	750,000	38.9	19.4	19.5		5.02	-
1871	39,800,000	1,540,000	760,000	780,000	38.7	19.1	19.6	-9.4	4.99	-
1872	41,000,000	1,585,000	770,000	815,000	38.7	18.8	19.9	-9.2	4.96	-
1873	42,200,000	1,630,000	785,000	845,000	38.6	18.6	20.0	-8.9	4.94	-
1874	43,400,000	1,670,000	800,000	870,000	38.5	18.4	20.1	-8.6	4.91	-
1875	44,600,000	1,710,000	815,000	895,000	38.4	18.3	20.1	-8.4	4.88	-
1876	45,800,000	1,745,000	825,000	920,000	38.1	18.0	20.1	-8.2	4.86	-
1877	47,000,000	1,780,000	835,000	945,000	37.9	17.8	20.1	-7.9	4.83	-
1878	48,200,000	1,805,000	845,000	960,000	37.5	17.5	20.0	-7.6	4.80	-
1879	49,000,000	1,840,000	860,000	980,000	37.6	17.6	20.0	-4.1	4.77	-
1880	49,400,000	1,720,000	800,000	920,000	34.9	16.3	18.6	0.0	4.75	-
1881	50,800,000	1,755,000	820,000	935,000	34.6	16.1	18.5	-11.7	4.70	-
1882	52,300,000	1,790,000	835,000	955,000	34.2	16.0	18.2	-11.2	4.66	-
1883	53,800,000	1,820,000	850,000	970,000	33.8	15.8	18.0	-10.6	4.61	-
1884	55,300,000	1,855,000	865,000	990,000	33.5	15.6	17.9	-10.1	4.57	-
1885	56,800,000	1,890,000	880,000	1,010,000	33.3	15.5	17.8	-9.6	4.52	-
1886	58,300,000	1,925,000	895,000	1,030,000	33.0	15.3	17.7	-9.2	4.48	-
1887	59,800,000	1,960,000	910,000	1,050,000	32.8	15.2	17.6	-8.8	4.43	-
1888	61,300,000	1,985,000	920,000	1,065,000	32.4	15.0	17.4	-8.3	4.39	-
1889	62,100,000	2,000,000	930,000	1,070,000	32.2	15.0	17.2	-17.3	4.35	-
1890	62,900,000	2,020,000	880,000	1,140,000	32.1	14.0	18.1	-2.1	4.30	-
1891	64,400,000	2,045,000	890,000	1,155,000	31.7	13.8	17.9	-2.0	4.26	-
1892	65,900,000	2,070,000	900,000	1,170,000	31.4	13.6	17.8	-1.9	4.21	-
1893	67,400,000	2,095,000	910,000	1,185,000	31.1	13.5	17.6	-1.8	4.17	-
1894	68,900,000	2,120,000	920,000	1,200,000	30.8	13.4	17.4	-1.8	4.12	-
1895	70,400,000	2,150,000	930,000	1,220,000	30.5	13.2	17.3	-1.7	4.08	-
1896	71,900,000	2,180,000	940,000	1,240,000	30.3	13.1	17.2	-1.6	4.03	-
1897	73,400,000	2,200,000	950,000	1,250,000	30.0	12.9	17.1	-1.5	3.99	-
1898	74,900,000	2,235,000	960,000	1,275,000	29.8	12.8	17.0	-1.4	3.94	-
1899	76,100,000	2,250,000	970,000	1,280,000	29.6	12.7	16.9	-15.0	3.90	-
1900	76,100,000	2,565,000	1,050,000	1,515,000	30.1	12.3	17.8	0.0	3.85	162.4
1901	77,700,000	2,610,000	1,085,000	1,525,000	29.8	12.4	17.4	-2.6	3.85	141.4
1902	79,200,000	2,650,000	1,120,000	1,530,000	29.5	12.5	17.0	-2.4	3.84	138.9
1903	80,700,000	2,690,000	1,145,000	1,545,000	29.3	12.5	16.8	-2.1	3.83	132.6
1904	82,300,000	2,720,000	1,165,000	1,555,000	29.0	12.4	16.6	-1.9	3.79	139.2
1905	83,900,000	2,735,000	1,180,000	1,555,000	28.8	12.4	16.4	-1.8	3.75	141.2
1906	85,500,000	2,745,000	1,195,000	1,550,000	28.6	12.4	16.2	-1.7	3.71	144.8
1907	87,100,000	2,760,000	1,210,000	1,550,000	28.4	12.4	16.0	-1.6	3.67	138.6
1908	88,800,000	2,765,000	1,220,000	1,545,000	28.2	12.4	15.8	-1.5	3.63	133.2
1909	90,600,000	2,773,000	1,230,000	1,543,000	28.0	12.4	15.6	-1.5	3.58	126.7
1910	92,407,000	2,777,000	1,357,000	1,420,000	30.1	14.7	15.4	5.4	3.59	131.8
1911	93,863,000	2,809,000	1,305,000	1,504,000	29.9	13.9	16.0	-0.5	3.57	114.0
1912	95,335,000	2,840,000	1,297,000	1,543,000	29.8	13.6	16.2	-0.7	3.56	111.1
1913	97,225,000	2,869,000	1,343,000	1,526,000	29.5	13.8	15.7	3.7	3.45	114.8
1914	99,111,000	2,966,000	1,318,000	1,648,000	29.9	13.3	16.6	2.4	3.57	107.2
1915	100,546,000	2,965,000	1,325,000	1,640,000	29.5	13.2	16.3	-2.0	3.52	99.9
1916	101,961,000	2,964,000	1,408,000	1,556,000	29.1	13.8	15.3	-1.4	3.47	101.0
1917	103,414,000	2,944,000	1,445,000	1,499,000	28.5	14.0	14.5	-0.4	3.333	93.8
1918	104,550,000	2,948,000	1,892,000	1,056,000	28.2	18.1	10.1	0.8	3.312	100.9
1919	105,063,000	2,740,000	1,354,000	1,386,000	26.1	12.9	13.2	-8.3	3.068	86.6
1920	106,461,000	2,950,000	1,383,000	1,567,000	27.7	13.0	14.7	-1.6	3.263	85.8
1921	108,538,000	3,055,000	1,248,000	1,807,000	28.1	11.5	16.6	2.5	3.326	75.6
1922	110,049,000	2,882,000	1,286,000	1,596,000	26.2	11.7	14.5	-0.8	3.109	76.2
1923	111,947,000	2,910,000	1,358,000	1,552,000	26.0	12.1	13.9	3.1	3.101	77.1
1924	114,109,000	2,979,000	1,323,000	1,656,000	26.1	11.6	14.5	4.4	3.121	70.8
1925	115,828,000	2,909,000	1,353,000	1,556,000	25.1	11.7	13.4	1.4	3.012	71.7
1926	117,397,000	2,839,000	1,422,000	1,417,000	24.2	12.1	12.1	1.3	2.901	73.3
1927	119,085,000	2,802,000	1,347,000	1,455,000	23.5	11.3	12.2	1.5	2.824	64.6
1928	120,509,000	2,674,000	1,445,000	1,229,000	22.2	12.0	10.2	2.0	2.660	68.7
1929	121,767,000	2,582,000	1,447,000	1,135,000	21.2	11.9	9.3	1.0	2.532	67.6
1930	123,076,741	2,618,000	1,393,000	1,225,000	21.3	11.3	10.0	0.7	2.533	64.6
1931	124,039,648	2,506,000	1,372,000	1,134,000	20.2	11.1	9.1	-1.4	2.402	61.6
1932	124,840,471	2,440,000	1,358,000	1,082,000	19.5	10.9	8.6	-2.3	2.319	57.6
1933	125,578,763	2,307,000	1,342,106	964,894	18.4	10.7	7.7	-1.8	2.172	58.1
1934	126,373,773	2,396,000	1,396,903	999,097	19.0	11.1	7.9	-1.6	2.232	60.1
1935	127,250,232	2,377,000	1,392,752	984,248	18.7	10.9	7.8	-0.8	2.189	55.7
1936	128,053,180	2,355,000	1,479,228	875,772	18.4	11.6	6.8	-0.6	2.146	57.1
1937	128,824,829	2,413,000	1,450,427	962,573	18.7	11.3	7.4	-1.5	2.173	54.4
1938	129,824,939	2,496,000	1,381,391	1,114,609	19.2	10.6	8.6	-0.9	2.222	51.0
1939	130,879,718	2,466,000	1,387,897	1,078,103	18.8	10.6	8.2	-0.2	2.172	48.0
1940	132,122,446	2,559,000	1,417,269	1,142,000	19.4	10.7	8.7	0.8	2.301	47.0
1941	133,402,471	2,703,000	1,397,642	1,305,358	20.3	10.5	9.8	-0.2	2.399	45.3
1942	134,859,553	2,989,000	1,385,187	1,603,813	22.2	10.3	11.9	-1.1	2.628	40.4
1943	136,739,353	3,104,000	1,459,544	1,644,306	22.7	10.7	12.0	1.7	2.718	40.4
1944	138,397,345	2,939,000	1,411,338	1,644,456	21.2	10.2	11.0	0.9	2.568	39.8
1945	139,928,165	2,858,000	1,401,719	1,456,281	20.4	10.0	10.4	0.5	2.491	38.3
1946	141,388,566	3,411,000	1,395,617	2,015,383	24.1	9.9	14.2	-3.9	2.943	33.8
1947	144,126,071	3,817,000	1,445,370	2,371,630	26.5	10.0	16.5	2.5	3.274	32.2
1948	146,631,302	3,637,000	1,444,337	2,192,663	24.8	9.9	14.9	2.1	3.109	32.0
1949	149,188,130	3,649,000	1,443,607	2,205,393	24.5	9.7	14.8	2.4	3.110	31.3
1950	152,271,417	3,632,000	1,452,454	2,180,000	23.9	9.5	14.4	5.9	3.091	29.2
1951	154,877,889	3,823,000	1,482,099	2,340,901	24.7	9.6	15.1	1.7	3.269	28.4
1952	157,552,740	3,913,000	1,496,838	2,416,162	24.8	9.5	15.3	1.6	3.358	28.4
1953	160,184,192	3,965,000	1,518,459	2,517,541	24.8	9.5	15.3	1.2	3.424	27.8
1954	163,025,854	4,078,000	1,481,091	2,596,909	25.0	9.1	15.9	1.5	3.543	26.6
1955	165,931,202	4,104,000	1,528,717	2,568,283	24.7	9.2	15.5	2.0	3.580	26.4
1956	168,903,031	4,218,000	1,564,476	2,653,524	25.0	9.3	15.7	1.9	3.689	26.0
1957	171,984,130	4,308,000	1,633,128	2,666,872	25.0	9.5	15.5	2.4	3.767	26.3
1958	174,881,904	4,255,000	1,647,886	2,607,114	24.3	9.4	14.9	1.7	3.701	27.1
1959	177,829,628	4,244,796	1,656,814	2,587,982	23.9	9.3	14.6	2.0	3.670	26.4
1960	180,671,158	4,257,850	1,711,982	2,545,868	23.6	9.5	14.1	1.6	3.654	26.0
1961	183,691,481	4,268,326	1,701,522	2,566,804	23.2	9.3	13.9	2.5	3.629	25.3
1962	186,537,737	4,167,362	1,756,720	2,410,642	22.3	9.4	12.9	2.3	3.474	25.3
1963	189,241,798	4,098,020	1,813,549	2,284,471	21.7	9.6	12.1	2.2	3.333	25.2
1964	191,888,791	4,027,490	1,798,051	2,229,439	21.0	9.4	11.6	2.2	3.208	24.8
1965	194,302,963	3,760,358	1,828,136	1,932,222	19.4	9.4	10.0	2.5	2.928	24.7
1966	196,560,338	3,606,274	1,863,149	1,743,125	18.3	9.5	8.8	2.6	2.736	23.7
1967	198,712,056	3,520,959	1,851,323	1,669,636	17.7	9.3	8.4	2.4	2.578	22.4
1968	200,706,052	3,501,564	1,930,082	1,571,482	17.4	9.6	7.8	2.1	2.477	21.8
1969	202,676,946	3,600,206	1,921,990	1,678,216	17.8	9.5	8.3	1.4	2.465	20.9
1970	205,052,174	3,731,386	1,921,031	1,810,355	18.2	9.4	8.8	2.8	2.480	20.0
1971	207,660,677	3,555,970	1,927,542	1,628,428	17.1	9.3	7.8	4.7	2.266	19.1
1972	209,896,021	3,258,411	1,963,944	1,294,467	15.5	9.4	6.1	4.5	2.010	18.5
1973	211,908,788	3,136,965	1,973,003	1,163,962	14.8	9.3	5.5	4.0	1.879	17.7
1974	213,853,928	3,159,958	1,934,388	1,225,570	14.8	9.0	5.8	3.4	1.835	16.7
1975	215,973,199	3,144,198	1,892,879	1,251,319	14.6	8.8	5.8	4.0	1.774	16.1
1976	218,035,164	3,167,788	1,909,440	1,258,348	14.5	8.8	5.7	3.7	1.738	15.2
1977	220,239,425	3,326,632	1,899,597	1,427,035	15.1	8.6	6.5	3.5	1.789	14.1
1978	222,584,545	3,333,279	1,927,788	1,405,491	15.0	8.7	6.3	4.2	1.760	13.8
1979	225,055,487	3,494,398	1,913,841	1,580,557	15.5	8.5	7.0	4.0	1.808	13.1
1980	227,224,681	3,612,258	1,989,841	1,622,417	15.9	8.8	7.1	2.4	1.839	12.6
1981	229,465,714	3,629,238	1,977,981	1,651,257	15.8	8.6	7.2	2.6	1.812	11.9
1982	231,664,458	3,680,537	1,974,797	1,705,740	15.9	8.5	7.4	2.1	1.827	11.5
1983	233,791,994	3,638,933	2,019,201	1,619,732	15.6	8.6	7.0	2.2	1.799	11.2
1984	235,824,902	3,669,141	2,039,369	1,629,772	15.6	8.6	7.0	1.7	1.806	10.8
1985	237,923,795	3,760,561	2,086,440	1,674,121	15.8	8.8	7.0	1.8	1.844	10.6
1986	240,132,887	3,756,547	2,105,361	1,651,186	15.6	8.8	6.8	2.3	1.837	10.4
1987	242,288,918	3,809,394	2,123,323	1,686,071	15.7	8.8	6.9	1.9	1.872	10.1
1988	244,498,982	3,909,510	2,167,999	1,741,511	16.0	8.9	7.1	1.9	1.934	10.0
1989	246,819,230	4,040,958	2,150,466	1,890,492	16.4	8.7	7.7	1.7	2.014	9.8
1990	249,622,814	4,158,212	2,148,463	2,009,749	16.7	8.6	8.1	3.2	2.081	9.2
1991	252,980,021	4,110,907	2,169,518	1,941,389	16.2	8.6	7.6	5.6	2.062	8.9
1992	256,512,810	4,065,014	2,175,613	1,889,401	15.8	8.5	7.3	6.4	2.046	8.4
1993	259,921,907	4,000,240	2,268,553	1,731,687	15.4	8.7	6.7	6.5	2.019	8.4
1994	263,126,536	3,952,767	2,278,994	1,673,773	15.0	8.7	6.3	5.8	2.001	8.0
1995	266,278,403	3,899,589	2,312,132	1,587,457	14.6	8.7	5.9	5.9	1.978	7.6
1996	269,394,284	3,891,494	2,314,690	1,576,804	14.4	8.6	5.8	5.7	1.976	7.3
1997	272,646,074	3,880,894	2,314,245	1,566,649	14.2	8.5	5.7	6.2	1.971	7.2
1998	275,854,104	3,941,553	2,337,256	1,604,297	14.3	8.5	5.8	5.8	1.999	7.2
1999	279,040,168	3,959,417	2,391,399	1,568,018	14.2	8.6	5.6	5.8	2.007	7.0
2000	282,162,411	4,058,814	2,403,351	1,655,463	14.4	8.5	5.9	5.2	2.056	6.9
2001	284,968,955	4,025,933	2,416,425	1,609,508	14.1	8.5	5.6	4.2	2.030	6.8
2002	287,625,193	4,021,726	2,443,387	1,578,339	14.0	8.5	5.5	3.7	2.020	7.0
2003	290,107,933	4,089,950	2,448,288	1,641,662	14.1	8.4	5.7	2.9	2.047	6.8
2004	292,805,298	4,112,052	2,397,615	1,714,437	14.0	8.2	5.8	3.4	2.051	6.8
2005	295,516,599	4,138,349	2,448,017	1,690,332	14.0	8.3	5.7	3.5	2.057	6.9
2006	298,379,912	4,265,555	2,426,264	1,839,291	14.3	8.1	6.2	3.4	2.108	6.7
2007	301,231,207	4,316,234	2,423,712	1,892,522	14.3	8.0	6.3	3.2	2.120	6.8
2008	304,093,966	4,247,694	2,471,984	1,775,710	14.0	8.1	5.9	3.6	2.072	6.6
2009	307,212,123	4,130,665	2,437,163	1,693,502	13.5	7.9	5.6	3.2	2.002	6.4
2010	309,327,143	3,999,386	2,468,435	1,530,951	12.9	8.0	4.9	3.5	1.931	6.1
2011	311,849,745	3,953,590	2,515,458	1,438,412	12.7	8.1	4.6	3.3	1.894	6.1
2012	314,361,094	3,952,841	2,543,279	1,409,562	12.6	8.1	4.5	3.5	1.880	6.0
2013	316,755,680	3,932,181	2,596,993	1,336,183	12.4	8.2	4.2	3.3	1.857	6.0
2014	319,297,805	3,988,076	2,626,418	1,361,658	12.5	8.2	4.3	3.7	1.862	5.8
2015	321,882,469	3,978,497	2,712,630	1,265,867	12.4	8.4	4.0	4.0	1.843	5.9
2016	324,426,311	3,945,875	2,744,248	1,201,627	12.2	8.5	3.7	4.1	1.820	5.9
2017	326,686,918	3,855,500	2,813,503	1,041,997	11.8	8.6	3.2	3.7	1.765	5.8
2018	328,571,142	3,791,712	2,839,205	952,507	11.5	8.6	2.9	2.9	1.729	5.7
2019	330,284,261	3,747,540	2,854,858	892,682	11.3	8.6	2.7	2.4	1.706	5.6
2020	331,578,104	3,613,647	3,383,729	229,918	10.9	10.2	0.7	3.4	1.641	5.4
2021	332,100,166	3,664,292	3,464,231	200,061	11.0	10.4	0.6	1.0	1.664	5.4
2022	333,996,304	3,667,758	3,279,857	387,901	11.0	9.8	1.2	4.6	1.656	5.6
2023	336,755,052	3,596,017	3,090,964	505,053	10.7	9.2	1.5	6.8	1.621	5.6
2024p	340,003,797	3,628,934	3,072,666	556,268	10.7	9.0	1.6	8.2	1.599	5.5
2025p	341,784,857	3,604,640	3,060,888	543,752	10.6	9.0	1.6	3.6	1.58

Current vital statistics

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2021, the population of the United States grew at a slower rate than in any other year since the country's founding. The U.S. population grew only 0.1% from the previous year before. The U.S. population has grown by less than one million people for the first time since 1937, with the lowest numeric growth since at least 1900, when the Census Bureau began yearly population estimates. Apart from the previous few years, when population growth plummeted to historically low levels, the slowest pace of increase in the twentieth century occurred between 1918 and 1919, when the influenza epidemic and World War I were both in full swing. Slower population growth has been the norm in the United States for some years, owing to lower fertility and net international migration, as well as rising mortality from an aging population.
To put it another way, since the mid-2010s, births and net international migration have been dropping while deaths have risen. These trends have a cumulative effect of reduced population increase.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this trend, resulting in a historically slow population increase in 2021.
The growth rate is 0.1% as estimated for 2021.
The birth rate is 11.0 births/1,000 population, as of 2020. This was the lowest birth rate since records began. There were 3,613,647 births in 2020, this was the lowest number of births since 1980.

11.0 births/1,000 population per year.
11.4 births/1,000 population per year.

In 2020, the CDC reported that there were 1,676,911 marriages in 2020, compared to 2019, there were 2,015,603 marriages. Marriage rates varied significantly by state, ranging from 3.2 marriages/1,000 population in California to 21.0 marriages/1,000 population in Nevada.*

5.1 marriages/1,000 population per year.
6.1 marriages/1,000 population per year.

*Rates are based on provisional counts of marriages by state of occurrence
In 2009, Time magazine reported that 40% of births in the United States were to unmarried women. The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 17% Asian, 29% White, 53% Hispanics, 66% Native Americans, and 72% Black American.
According to the CDC, in 2020, there were at least 1,461,121 births to unmarried women, or 40.5% of all births in the United States. The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 28.4% Non-Hispanic White, 70.4% Non-Hispanic Black, and 52.8% Hispanic.
The drop in the U.S. birth rate from 2007 to 2009 is believed to be associated with the Great Recession.
A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality found that more than half of live hospital births in 2008 and 2011 were male.
Per U.S. federal government data released in March 2011, births fell 4% from 2007 to 2009, the largest drop in the U.S. for any two-year period since the 1970s.
Births have declined for three consecutive years, and are now 7% below the peak in 2007. This drop has continued through 2010, according to data released by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics in June 2011. Numerous experts have suggested that this decline is largely a reflection of unfavorable economic conditions. This connection between birth rates and economic downturns partly stems from the fact that American birth rates have now fallen to levels that are comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Teen birth rates in the U.S. are at their lowest level in U.S. history. In fact, teen birth rates in the U.S. have consistently decreased since 1991 through 2011, except for a brief increase between 2005 and 2007. The other aberration from this otherwise steady decline in teen birth rates is the 6% decrease in birth rates for 15- to 19-year-olds between 2008 and 2009. Despite these years of decrease, U.S. teen birth rates still remain higher than in other developed nations. Racial differences prevail with teen birth and pregnancy rates as well. American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black teen pregnancy rates are more than double the non-Hispanic white teen birth rate.

Age group	Total	White alone	Black alone	Mixed and/or Some Other Race	Asian alone	Either American Indian or Alaska Native	Either Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
Total
0–4
5–9
10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85+

Total fertility rate (TFR)

In 1800 the average U.S. woman had 7.04 children; by the first decade of the 1900s, this number had already decreased to 3.56. Since 1971, the birth rate has generally been below the replacement rate of 2.1. Since the Great Recession of 2007, the rate has consistently been below replacement. The drop in the TFR from 2.08 per woman in 2007 to 1.76 in 2017 was mostly due to the declining birth rate of ethnic minorities, teenagers and women in their 30s. During that period, the birthrate for women ages 35 to 44 has risen. The 12 month ending general fertility rate increased from 56.6 to 57.0 in 2022 Q1 compared to 2021 Q4.

Total fertility rates from 1800 to 2020

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Sources: Ansley J. Coale, Zelnik and National Center for Health Statistics.

Years	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900
Total Fertility Rate in the United States	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.6	6.1	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.6

The U.S. total fertility rate as of 2020 is 1.641

1.55 for non-Hispanic whites
1.71 for non-Hispanic Blacks
1.65 for Native Americans
1.53 for Asian Americans

Other:

1.88 for Hispanics

Source: National Vital statistics report based on 2010 US Census data

Total fertility rates by state, federal district or territory

State
federal district
or territory

TFR

Northern Mariana Islands

Births and fertility by race

A total of 3,659,289 babies were born in 2021, a 1% increase from 2020. Additionally, researchers also looked at births by race and found that White and Hispanic women each saw the number of births increase by about 2% from 2020 to 2021. Meanwhile, Black and Asian women saw the number of births decline by 2.4% and 2.5%, respectively, over the same period, while American Indian/Alaskan Native women saw their numbers fall by 3.2%. It also marks the first rise in births since 2014. Prior to this report, the total number of births had been decreasing by an average of 2% per year. However, the total fertility rate was 1.6635 births per every woman. This is still below the replacement level, the level a population needs to replace itself, which is, at least, 2.1 births per woman.

Number of births by state

States

Alabama

Number of births by country of birth of the mother (2024)

Mother's Birth Country

Births

United States

Number of births by race and origin

Year	Total	Non-Hispanic White	Non-Hispanic Black	Hispanic	Non-Hispanic Asian	Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native	Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian	Multiracial
2021	3,664,292	1,887,656	517,889	885,916	213,813	26,124	9,531	86,982
2020	3,613,647	1,843,432	529,811	866,713	219,068	26,813	9,626
2019	3,747,540	548,075	886,467	238,769	28,450	9.770

Race and Hispanic origin of mother and year	January–June	January	February	March	April	May	June
Non-Hispanic White	-2	-3	-3	-1	-4	-5	-1
Non-Hispanic White	†0	-7	†0	2	2	†0	4
Non-Hispanic Black	-1	-2	-2	†0	-2	-4	†1
Non-Hispanic Black	-5	-11	-5	-4	-4	-5	†-1
Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska native	-6	-9	-9	†-5	†-4	-6	†-2
Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska native	-6	-7	†-2	†-1	†-4	-12	†-2
Non-Hispanic Asian	-5	†-2	-5	-3	-7	-7	-8
Non-Hispanic Asian	-8	-19	-10	-6	-3	-6	†2
Non-Hispanic Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	†-1	†2	†0	†-2	†-4	†-3	†2
Non-Hispanic Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	5	†0	-19	†-5	†4	†-2	†-6
Hispanic	†0	†0	†-1	†0	†-1	-4	†0
Hispanic	-3	-11	-5	†0	†0	†1	3
All races and origins	-2	-2	-3	-1	-3	-5	-1
All races and origins	-2	-9	-2	†0	1	-1	3

U.S.-born residents

Note: Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. Also note that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.

Race of mother	Number of births in 2016	% of all born	TFR	Number of births in 2017	% of all born	TFR	Number of births in 2018	% of all born	TFR	Number of births in 2019	% of all born	TFR	Number of births in 2020	% of all born	TFR	2020-2016
White	2,900,933	73.5%	1.77	2,812,267	72.9%	1.76	2,788,439	73.5%	1.75
> NH White	2,056,332	52.1%	1.719	1,992,461	51.7%	1.666	1,956,413	51.6%	1.640	1,915,912	51.1%	1.611	1,843,432	51.0%	1.552	10.35%
Black	623,886	15.8%	1.90	626,027	16.2%	1.92	600,933	15.8%	1.87
> NH Black	558,622	14.2%	1.832	560,715	14.5%	1.824	552,029	14.6%	1.792	548,075	14.6%	1.776	529,811	14.7%	1.714	5.16%
NH Asian	254,471	6.5%	1.690	249,250	6.5%	1.597	240,798	6.4%	1.525	238,769	6.4%	1.511	219,068	6.1%	1.385	13.9%
NH American Indian or Alaska native	31,452	0.8%	1.794	29,957	0.8%	1.702	29,092	0.8%	1.651	28,450	0.76%	1.612	26,813	0.74%	1.517	14.75%
NH Hawaiian	9,342	0.2%	2.076	9,426	0.2%	2.085	9,476	0.3%	2.106	9,770	0.26%	2.178	9,626	0.26%	2.142	3.04%
Total	3,945,875	100%	1.820	3,855,500	100%	1.765	3,791,712	100%	1.729	3,747,540	100%	1.706	3,613,647	100%	1.641	9.84%

Key:

NH = Non-Hispanic.
TFR = Total fertility rate.
Growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate, comparing to the previous year.

Ethnicity of mother

Number of births
in 2016

% of all
born

TFR

Number of births
in 2017

% of all
born

TFR

Number of births
in 2018

% of all
born

TFR

Number of births
in 2019

% of all
born

TFR

Number of births
in 2020

% of all
born

TFR

2020-2016

Non-Hispanic

3,027,428

2,956,736

2,905,502

2,861,073

2,746,933

Hispanic

918,447

23.3%

2.093

898,764

23.3%

2.007

886,210

23.4%

1.959

886,467

23.7%

1.940

866,714

24.0%

1.876

5.63%

Race	2008	2011	2013
White	2.29	2.01	1.94
Black	2.51	2.57	2.35
Asian	2.25	2.02	1.93
Other	1.80	2.04	2.06
Hispanic	3.15	2.77	2.46
Total	2.75	2.45	2.22

Percent of births to White Non-Hispanic women that were their 8th+ child, by U.S. state, in 2021

Mother's mean age at first birth

27.1 years
Life expectancy

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average American life expectancy at birth was 78.4 years in 2023. This was a gain of 0.9 year from 77.5 years in 2022. It was 76.4 years in 2021.

Male: 75.8 years, 74.8 years, 73.5 years
Female: 81.1 years, 80.2 years, 79.3 years

Starting in 1998, life expectancy in the U.S. fell behind that of other wealthy industrialized countries, and Americans' "health disadvantage" gap has been increasing ever since. Average U.S. life expectancy in the United States has actually declined in four of the years following 2014. These declines were mostly reversed in both 2022 and 2023. As of 2024, death rates among the youngest remain well higher than in peer nations. In 2023, there lower death rates in each of the ten U.S. leading causes of death but gains in life expectancy were largely driven by "decreases in mortality due to COVID-19, heart disease, unintentional injuries, cancer and diabetes".
From 2019 to 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had contributed to approximately 61% of the decrease in life expectancy in the United States. While increases in mortality from unintentional injuries, heart disease, homicide, and diabetes contributed to 11.7%, 5.8%, 2.9%, and 2.8% of the decrease in life expectancy from 2019 to 2020, respectively. Life expectancy has also varied by racial and ethnic group, with Non-Hispanic Asians having the highest life expectancy and Non-Hispanic American Indians having the lowest. In 2021, life expectancy at birth in the United States fell for the second year in a row, the first two-year drop since 1961–1963.

Race	Males 2021	Females 2021	Total 2021*	Total 2020	Total 2019	2019 to 2021 /
NH White	73.7	79.2	76.4	77.4	78.8	2.4
NH Black	66.7	74.8	70.8	71.5	74.8	4.0
NH Asian	81.2	85.6	83.5	83.6	85.6	2.1
NH American Indian or Alaska Native	61.5	69.2	65.2	67.1	71.8	6.6
Hispanic	74.4	81.0	77.7	77.9	81.9	4.2
All origins and races	73.2	79.1	76.1	77.0	78.8	2.7

NOTE: Data regarding life expectancy at birth for 2021 are provisional.*

NH = Non-Hispanic.
LEB = Life expectancy at birth
Growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in total life expectancy compared to years before.
Life expectancy at birth from 1901 to 2015

Life expectancy in the United States from 1901 to 2015. Source: Our World In Data and the United Nations.
1901–1950

Years	1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909	1910
Life expectancy in the United States	49.3	50.5	50.6	49.6	50.3	50.2	50.1	51.9	52.8	51.8

Years	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930
Life expectancy in the United States	58.2	58.1	57.5	58.5	58.5	57.9	59.4	58.3	58.5	59.6

Years	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950
Life expectancy in the United States	63.8	64.6	64.3	65.1	65.6	66.3	66.7	67.3	67.6	68.1

1901–2015

Period	Life expectancy in Years
1901–1909	49.3 – 52.8
1910–1919	53.5 – 55.3
1920–1929	55.4 – 59.4
1930–1939	60.2 – 63.1
1940–1949	63.8 – 67.6
1950–1955	68.7
1955–1960	69.7
1960–1965	70.1
1965–1970	70.4
1970–1975	71.4
1975–1980	73.3
1980–1985	74.4
1985–1990	74.9
1990–1995	75.7
1995–2000	76.5
2000–2005	77.2
2005–2010	78.2
2010–2015	78.9
2015–2020	78.8
2022	77.5
2023	78.4

Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''

Life tables

Future projections

The United States Census Bureau's 2017 projections were produced using the cohort-component method. In the cohort-component method, the components of population change are projected separately for each birth cohort. The base population is advanced each year by using projected survival rates and net international migration. Each year, a new birth cohort is added to the population by applying the projected fertility rates to the female population.

Year	Population
2017	325,511
2018	327,892
2019	330,269
2020	332,639
2021	334,998
2022	337,342
2023	339,665
2024	341,963
2025	344,234
2026	346,481
2027	348,695
2028	350,872
2029	353,008
2030	355,101
2031	357,147
2032	359,147
2033	361,099
2034	363,003
2035	364,862
2036	366,676
2037	368,448
2038	370,179
2039	371,871
2040	373,528
2041	375,152
2042	376,746
2043	378,314
2044	379,861
2045	381,390
2046	382,907
2047	384,415
2048	385,918
2049	387,419
2050	388,922
2051	390,431
2052	391,947
2053	393,473
2054	395,009
2055	396,557
2056	398,118
2057	399,691
2058	401,277
2059	402,874
2060	404,483

Race and ethnicity

The following table shows the race and ethnicity of the United States per the 1930, 1970, 2000, and 2020 censuses. Data only covers states and the federal district, thus only covering the first 48 states and Washington, D.C. in 1930 and including Alaska and Hawaii as well in 1970, 2000, and 2020. The figures thus do not include various other territories that have been under the United States during this time period. Over this time period, the U.S. has evolved from being 89% White, 10% Black and 1% Hispanic in 1930 to 58% White, 12% Black, and 19% Hispanic ninety years later, reflecting a significant demographic shift.

Race

The United States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, and these data are based on self-identification. Many other countries count multiple races based on origin while America compiles multiple dozens of ethnicity groups into skin color grouping them together. The racial classifications and definitions used by the U.S. Census Bureau are:

White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "White" or report entries such as English, Azerbaijani, Iranian, Irish, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Turkish, Lebanese, Moroccan, or Caucasian.
[African Americans|Black or African American]: a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am." or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.
[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian or Alaska Native]: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. This category includes people who indicate their race as "American Indian or Alaska Native" or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup'ik, Central American Indian groups, or South American Indian groups.
Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia, such as Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
[Pacific Islander Americans|Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander]: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
Some other race: includes all other responses not included in the "White", "Black or African American", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Asian", and "Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander" racial categories described above includes Asians from West Asia or Russia and White Africans.
Two or more races: people may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, providing multiple responses, or some combination of check boxes and other responses.

Data about race and ethnicity are self-reported to the Census Bureau. Since the 2000 census, Congress has authorized people to identify themselves according to more than one racial classification by selecting more than one category. Only one ethnicity may be selected, however, because the Census Bureau recognizes only two ethnicities"Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino"which are mutually exclusive since you can be one or the other, but not both. The singular term Hispanic has been supplanted as a federally-recognized ethnicity by the combined "Hispanic or Latino," defined by the Census Bureau as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
According to the Census Bureau website, the racial composition of the United States in 2021 was:

Race	Population	Share of population
Total	323,175,700	100.0%
White, percent	187,925,100	58.2%
Black or African American, percent	37,520,800	11.6%
Hispanic or Latino, percent	61,241,900	19.0%
Asian, percent	18,558,600	5.7%
American Indian and Alaska Native, percent	1,667,100	0.5%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	541,200	0.2%
Two or more Races, percent	15,711,100	4.9%

According to the 2022 American Community Survey, the racial composition of the United States in 2022 was:

Race	Population	Share of total population
Total	333,287,550	100%
One race	291,505,262	87.5%
White	202,889,020	60.2%
Black or African American	40,603,656	12.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native	3,205,331	1%
Asian	19,696,980	5.9%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	665,807	0.2%
Other races	24,444,482	7.3%
Two or more races	41,782,288	12.5%
White and Black or African American	3,831,683	1.1%
White and American Indian and Alaska Native	3,012,849	0.9%
White and Asian	2,865,504	0.9%
Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native	464,679	0.1%
White and Some Other Race	26,317,236	7.9%
Hispanic or Latino	63,553,640	19.1%
Mexican	37,414,772	11.2%
Central American	6,531,267	2%
Puerto Rican	5,905,178	1.8%
South American	4,666,970	1.4%
Cuban	2,435,573	0.7%
Dominican	2,396,784	0.7%
Other Hispanic or Latino	4,203,095	1.3%
Not Hispanic or Latino	269,733,920	80.9%
White	192,153,070	57.7%
Black or African American	39,582,960	11.9%
American Indian and Alaska Native	1,750,489	0.5%
Asian	19,415,252	5.8%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	590,339	0.2%
Some other race	1,912,680	0.6%
Two or more races	14,329,127	4.3%

;Distribution of Total Population by Race, 1900 to 2020 :
Hispanic are shown like part of the races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Years	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000*	2010*	2020*
White	87.9	88.9	89.7	89.8	89.8	89.5	88.6	87.5	83.0	80.3	75.1	72.4	61.6
Black or African American	11.6	10.7	9.9	9.7	9.8	10.0	10.5	11.1	11.7	12.1	12.3	12.6	12.4
American Indian and Alaska Native									0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.1
Asian and Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander									1.5	2.9	3.8	5.0	6.2
Some other race									3.0	3.9	5.5	6.2	8.4
Two or more races											2.4	2.9	10.2
Sum	99.5	99.6	99.6	99.5	99.6	99.5	99.1	98.6	100	100	100	100	100

^*Data are shown for the White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Some other race alone populations.
;Median age by each race alone and ethnicity, 2021:
Source: United States Census Bureau.

Race	Median age	Median age	Median age
Total Population	38.8	37.7	39.8
White	43.8	42.6	45.0
Black or African American	34.5	32.9	36.1
American Indian and Alaska Native	32.1	31.8	32.5
Asian	37.7	36.5	38.9
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	32.7	32.5	32.9
Two or More Races	29.5	20.4	21.8
Hispanic alone	30.5	30.2	30.8
Not Hispanic	41.0	39.8	42.1

;Median age by race alone or in combination and ethnicity, 2021
Source: United States Census Bureau.

Race	Median age	Median age	Median age
White	39.8	38.9	40.8
Black or African American	32.7	31.2	34.2
American Indian and Alaska Native	31.6	30.9	32.2
Asian	35.4	34.1	36.6
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	29.8	29.3	30.3
White	42.8	41.7	44.0

Race/ethnicity	White	Black or African American	Hispanic	Asian	American Indian and Alaska Native	Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander	Multiracial
Most common age	58 yo	27 yo	11 yo	29 yo	26 yo	28 yo	3 yo

State or territory	Population	White	Black or African American	American Indian and Alaska Native	Asian	Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	Some other race	Two or more races	Hispanic or Latino
Alabama	5,074,296	64.1%	25.6%	0.3%	1.5%	0.0%	0.4%	3.3%	4.9%
Alaska	733,583	57.4%	2.8%	12.7%	6.1%	2.0%	0.5%	10.7%	7.7%
Arizona	7,359,197	51.8%	4.4%	3.3%	3.5%	0.2%	0.5%	3.9%	32.5%
Arkansas	3,045,637	67.5%	14.3%	0.4%	1.6%	0.5%	0.4%	7.0%	8.4%
California	39,029,344	33.7%	5.2%	0.3%	15.3%	0.3%	0.6%	4.3%	40.3%
Colorado	5,839,926	65.0%	3.8%	0.4%	3.1%	0.1%	0.5%	4.6%	22.5%
Connecticut	3,626,205	62.0%	9.8%	0.1%	4.8%	0.0%	0.8%	4.4%	18.2%
Delaware	1,018,396	58.9%	21.6%	0.1%	4.1%	0.0%	0.5%	4.5%	10.3%
District of Columbia	671,803	36.7%	41.7%	0.2%	4.1%	0.1%	0.6%	5.0%	11.7%
Florida	22,244,824	50.8%	14.6%	0.1%	2.8%	0.0%	0.7%	3.9%	27.1%
Georgia	10,912,876	49.6%	30.7%	0.1%	4.4%	0.1%	0.5%	4.2%	10.4%
Hawaii	1,440,196	20.7%	1.6%	0.1%	34.6%	9.3%	0.4%	22.1%	11.1%
Idaho	1,939,033	79.0%	0.6%	0.8%	1.3%	0.2%	0.5%	4.2%	13.5%
Illinois	12,582,032	58.5%	13.2%	0.1%	5.9%	0.0%	0.4%	3.6%	18.3%
Indiana	6,833,037	76.0%	9.2%	0.1%	2.5%	0.0%	0.5%	3.9%	7.8%
Iowa	3,200,517	82.8%	3.7%	0.2%	2.3%	0.3%	0.3%	3.6%	6.8%
Kansas	2,937,150	73.1%	5.0%	0.4%	2.9%	0.1%	0.5%	4.9%	13.0%
Kentucky	4,512,310	82.2%	7.6%	0.1%	1.4%	0.1%	0.3%	4.2%	4.2%
Louisiana	4,590,241	56.7%	30.9%	0.4%	1.8%	0.0%	0.4%	4.0%	5.7%
Maine	1,385,340	90.2%	1.6%	0.4%	1.2%	0.0%	0.4%	4.2%	2.1%
Maryland	6,164,660	47.1%	29.2%	0.1%	6.5%	0.0%	0.8%	4.7%	11.4%
Massachusetts	6,981,974	67.0%	6.6%	0.1%	7.2%	0.0%	1.2%	4.9%	13.0%
Michigan	10,034,118	72.6%	13.1%	0.3%	3.3%	0.0%	0.5%	4.5%	5.7%
Minnesota	5,717,184	76.2%	6.9%	0.7%	5.2%	0.0%	0.6%	4.5%	5.8%
Mississippi	2,940,057	55.3%	36.5%	0.4%	0.9%	0.0%	0.3%	3.3%	3.3%
Missouri	6,177,957	76.6%	10.6%	0.2%	2.1%	0.1%	0.4%	5.1%	4.7%
Montana	1,122,867	83.5%	0.3%	5.2%	0.7%	0.1%	0.8%	4.9%	4.4%
Nebraska	1,967,923	75.8%	4.5%	0.5%	2.5%	0.1%	0.4%	3.9%	12.3%
Nevada	3,177,772	44.4%	9.0%	0.6%	8.8%	0.6%	0.6%	5.7%	30.3%
New Hampshire	1,395,231	86.6%	1.3%	0.1%	2.6%	0.1%	0.5%	4.4%	4.5%
New Jersey	9,261,699	51.5%	12.0%	0.1%	10.0%	0.0%	1.0%	3.6%	21.9%
New Mexico	2,113,344	34.8%	1.7%	8.1%	1.7%	0.0%	0.4%	3.1%	50.2%
New York	19,677,152	52.9%	13.4%	0.2%	9.0%	0.0%	1.1%	3.7%	19.7%
North Carolina	10,698,973	60.7%	20.1%	0.9%	3.2%	0.1%	0.5%	4.1%	10.4%
North Dakota	779,261	82.0%	3.3%	4.3%	1.6%	0.4%	0.4%	3.7%	4.4%
Ohio	11,756,058	76.1%	11.9%	0.1%	2.5%	0.0%	0.4%	4.5%	4.4%
Oklahoma	4,019,800	62.6%	6.7%	6.8%	2.3%	0.1%	0.3%	9.1%	12.1%
Oregon	4,240,137	71.6%	1.8%	0.7%	4.5%	0.4%	0.6%	6.0%	14.4%
Pennsylvania	12,972,008	73.1%	10.1%	0.1%	3.8%	0.0%	0.5%	3.8%	8.6%
Puerto Rico	3,221,789	0.6%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0%	0.1%	0.1%	99.0%
Rhode Island	1,093,734	68.2%	4.7%	0.1%	3.4%	0.0%	0.9%	5.2%	17.6%
South Carolina	5,282,634	62.5%	24.9%	0.2%	1.7%	0.0%	0.6%	3.6%	6.5%
South Dakota	909,824	79.9%	2.0%	7.1%	1.4%	0.1%	0.3%	4.5%	4.7%
Tennessee	7,051,339	71.9%	15.5%	0.1%	1.9%	0.1%	0.4%	4.0%	6.3%
Texas	30,029,572	38.9%	11.7%	0.2%	5.4%	0.1%	0.4%	3.2%	40.2%
Utah	3,380,800	75.6%	1.0%	0.7%	2.4%	1.1%	0.4%	3.5%	15.1%
Vermont	647,064	90.2%	1.0%	0.2%	1.8%	0.0%	0.4%	4.2%	2.3%
Virginia	8,683,619	58.7%	18.4%	0.1%	6.9%	0.1%	0.7%	4.7%	10.4%
Washington	7,785,786	63.5%	3.8%	0.9%	9.7%	0.7%	0.7%	6.7%	14.0%
West Virginia	1,775,156	89.8%	3.3%	0.1%	0.7%	0.0%	0.3%	3.8%	1.9%
Wisconsin	5,892,539	79.0%	5.9%	0.6%	2.9%	0.0%	0.3%	3.7%	7.6%
Wyoming	581,381	81.4%	0.7%	1.6%	0.6%	0.1%	0.9%	3.9%	10.8%

Year	White Alone	Black Alone	Hispanic	Native American Alone	Asian Alone	Pacific Islander Alone
2018	51.6%	14.6%	23.4%	0.8%	6.4%	0.3%

Year	White	Black or African American	Hispanic	Asian	Pacific Islander	American Indian Alaska Native	Two or more races
2000	60%	15%	16%	3%	—	1%	2%
2017	51%	14%	25%	5%	—	1%	4%

Age group	85+	80–84	75–79	70–74	65–69	60–64	55–59	50–54	45–49	40–44	35–39	30–34	25–29	20–24	15–19	10–14	5–9	<5
non-Hispanic white	83%	81%	79%	78%	77%	74%	72%	69%	65%	61%	58%	57%	57%	56%	55%	54%	52%	50%
Minority	17%	19%	21%	22%	23%	26%	28%	31%	35%	39%	42%	43%	43%	44%	45%	46%	48%	50%

Hispanic or Latino origin

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines "Hispanic or Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify with the terms "Hispanic" or "Latino" are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the decennial census questionnaire and various Census Bureau survey questionnaires – "Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano" or "Puerto Rican" or "Cuban" – as well as those who indicate that they are "another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin." People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Hispanic or Latino and Race	Population	Percentage of total population
United States population	333,287,550	100%
Hispanic or Latino	63,553,640	19.1%
White	10,735,941	3.2%
Black or African American	1,020,695	0.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native	1,454,842	0.4%
Asian	181,231	0.1%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	75,468	0.0%
Some other race	22,531,802	6.8%
Two or more races	27,453,162	8.2%
Not Hispanic or Latino	269,733,920	80.9%

;Population distribution by Hispanic origin 1970–2020 :
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census of population, 1970, 1980 to 2020.

Years	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2020
Not Hispanic or Latino	95.5	93.6	91.0	87.5	83.7	81.3
Hispanic or Latino	4.5	6.4	9.0	12.5	16.3	18.7
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100

;Median age of each race alone, 2021 :
Source: United States Census Bureau.

Race	Median age	Median age	Median age
Total	30.5	30.2	30.8
White	31.2	30.9	31.5
Black or African American	27.1	26.1	28.2
American Indian and Alaska Native	28.4	29.0	27.8
Asian	26.9	26.2	27.7
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	27.8	28.3	27.2
Two or More Races	21.5	21.1	22.0

;Median age of each race alone or in combination, 2021 :
Source: United States Census Bureau.

Race	Median age	Median age	Median age
White	30.9	30.6	31.1
Black or African American	25.3	24.3	26.3
American Indian and Alaska Native	27.6	27.8	27.3
Asian	23.0	22.3	23.7
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	24.8	24.9	24.7

Note: Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race.

Indigenous peoples

As of 2020, there are 9,666,058 people identifying as American Indian and Alaska Native people in the United States, including those identifying with more than one race, representing around 3% of the U.S. population. This number includes not only groups indigenous to the United States, but any Indigenous people of the Americas, including Mesoamerican peoples such as the Maya, as well as Canadian and South American natives. In 2022, 634,503 Indigenous people in the United States identified with Central American Indigenous groups, 875,183 identified with the Indigenous people of Mexico, and 47,518 identified with Canadian First Nations. Of the 3.2 million Americans who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native alone in 2022, around 45% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, with this number growing as increasing numbers of Indigenous people from Latin American countries immigrate to the U.S. and more Latinos self-identify with indigenous heritage. Of groups Indigenous to the contiguous United States, the largest self-reported tribes are Cherokee, Navajo, Choctaw, Blackfeet, and Sioux. Additionally, 205,954 identify with an Alaska Native tribe. There are 573 federally recognized tribal governments in the United States.
The U.S. Census Bureau classifies Native Hawaiians separately from American Indians and Alaska Natives, grouping them with Pacific Islanders instead. According to 2022 estimates, 714,847 Americans identified with Native Hawaiian ancestry.

Other groups

Veterans

There were 15.8 million veterans in 2023, with only 6.2% of Americans having served in the Armed Forces. In 2023 the war with the highest number of veterans was the Korean War. Most veterans were male at 14 million and 1.7 million veterans were female.

Illegal immigrants

In 2010, Washington Post">Washington (state)">Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million illegal immigrants in the country. In 2017, the Pew Research Center reported an estimated 10.5 million illegal immigrants in the U.S. In 2025, Pew announced that "the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached an all-time high of 14 million in 2023 after two consecutive years of growth".

Prisoners

In 2023, an estimated 1,850,595 adults were imprisoned in the United States.
In 2016 it was reported that 92.7% of all prisoners were male, 6.9% female, 0.3% transgender, and 0.1% nonbinary. In 2022, there were 180,684 women incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails. Most women involved in the country's correctional system were actually under probation, with 717,811 being so classified. Female parolees numbered 76,870, while 87,874 women were held in prisons and 92,900 women were held in jails in 2022.
Some 37% of all federal prisoners were Hispanic, 32% Black/African American, 21% white, and 2% Native American or Alaska Native. Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific islanders made up 2% of the population, while "nearly 7% of federal prisoners identified as two or more races". In state prisons, 34% identified as Black/African American, 32% white, 21% Hispanic, 1% Native American or Alaskan Native, 1% as being either Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and 11% "identified with two or more races".

Projections

A report by the U.S. Census Bureau projects a decrease in the ratio of non-Hispanic Whites between 2023 and 2060, a decline from 58.9% of the population to 44.9%. Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2050, but will remain the largest single ethnic group. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.
While non-Hispanic whites are projected to become a minority, the total White population, will remain a majority from 2023 to 2060, falling from 75.5% to 72.3% of the population who are white alone according to the projections. However, these projections are not directly comparable to other Census Bureau data, as they are based on a modified race dataset, which does not include the "some other race" category used in census surveys. Individuals identifying as “some other race” alone or in combination made up 16.2% of the population in 2022, and they are reclassified into recognized race categories in the dataset used for the projections. As a result, there is a significant discrepancy between the share of the white alone population in 2023 according to the projections, and the estimated share of white alone, as reported by the American Community Survey in 2022.
The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 19.1% today to 26.9% by 2060, the Black percentage barely rising from 13.6% to 14.8%, and Asian Americans upping their 6.3% share to 9.4%. The United States had a population of 333 million people in July 2023, and is projected to reach 355 million by 2040 and 364 million in 2060. It is further projected that all of the increase in population from 2023 to 2060 will be due to immigrants.
Of the nation's children in 2060, 64% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 51% today. Approximately 32% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino, and 36% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites. Racial and ethnic minorities surpassed non-Hispanic whites as the largest group of U.S. children under 5 years old in 2015.
The fastest growing racial group in America is Asian Americans with a growth rate of 35%, however the multiracial mixed Asian group is growing even faster, with a growth rate of 55%. Multiracial Asians are therefore the fastest growing demographic group in America.
In 2020, it was reported that 51.0% of births were to non-Hispanic white mothers. In 2021, the percentage increased to 51.5%. However, by 2022 the rate of births to white mothers had declined by 3%, dropping to 50% of all total births. In the same period, the rate of births to Asian and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.
;Pew Research Center projections:
The United Nations projects a population of just over 400 million in 2060.
The country's racial profile will be vastly different, and although whites will remain the single largest ethnic group in the U.S., they will no longer be a majority excluding White Hispanics by 2055 according to Pew Research Center. Growth in the Hispanic and Asian populations is predicted to almost triple over the next 40 years. By 2055, the breakdown is estimated to be 48% non-Hispanic white, 24% Hispanic, 16% Black, and 14% Asian.
, 14% of the United States' population is foreign born, compared to just 5% in 1965. Nearly 39 million immigrants have come to the U.S. since 1965, with most coming from Asia and Latin America. The 2015 Census Report predicts that the percentage of the U.S. population that is foreign-born will continue to increase, reaching 19% by 2060. This increase in the foreign-born population will account for a large share of the overall population growth.
The average person in the U.S. of 2060 is likely to be older than the average person of 2018 today, and it is projected that almost one in four people will be 65 or older.

U.S. Census Census Bureau projections

;Percent minority 1970–2042 :

Years	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2020	2030	2040	2042
Percent minority	16.5	20.4	24.4	30.9	36.3	39.9	44.5	49.2	50.1

Note: "Minority" refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the decennial census.
;Total US population:

Year	Projection	Projection	Actual result
2010	310,233	309,011	308,745,538
2020	332,639	331,003	331,449,281
2030	373,504	349,642	-
2040	405,655	366,572	-
2050	439,010	379,419	-

Self-reported ancestry

This table displays all self-reported ancestries with over 50,000 members, alone or in combination, according to estimates from the 2022 American Community Survey. The total population of the US according to the survey was 333,287,550, and 251,732,240 people reported an ancestry. Of these, 175,054,020 reported a single ancestry, and 76,678,224 reported two or more ancestries. Hispanic groups are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry:

Ancestry	Number in 2022	Number as of 2022	% Total
Black or African American	40,603,656	47,859,760	14.4%
German	13,241,923	41,137,168	12.3%
Mexican	—	37,414,772	11.2%
English	12,331,696	31,380,620	9.4%
Irish	8,649,243	30,655,612	9.2%
American	14,929,899	17,786,214	5.3%
Italian	5,766,634	16,009,774	4.8%
Polish	2,658,632	8,249,491	2.5%
French	1,360,631	6,310,548	1.9%
Puerto Rican	—	5,905,178	1.8%
Chinese	4,258,198	5,465,428	1.6%
Scottish	1,555,579	5,352,344	1.6%
Indian	4,534,339	4,946,306	1.5%
Broadly "European"	3,718,055	4,819,541	1.4%
Filipino	2,969,978	4,466,918	1.3%
Swedish	740,478	3,936,772	1.2%
Norwegian	1,224,373	3,317,462	1.0%
Dutch	858,809	3,019,465	0.9%
Indigenous American	493,837	2,550,528	0.8%
Scotch-Irish	940,337	2,524,746	0.8%
Salvadoran	—	2,480,509	0.7%
Cuban	—	2,435,573	0.7%
Dominican	—	2,396,784	0.7%
Vietnamese	1,887,550	2,301,868	0.7%
Other Hispanic or Latino	—	2,276,867	0.7%
Arab , Egyptian, Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Moroccan, Jordanian	1,502,360	2,237,982	0.7%
Russian	747,866	2,099,079	0.6%
Korean	1,501,587	2,051,572	0.6%
Spanish	—	1,926,228	0.6%
Guatemalan	—	1,878,599	0.6%
Broadly “African”	1,297,668	1,721,108	0.5%
French Canadian	694,089	1,626,456	0.5%
Japanese	717,413	1,587,040	0.5%
Welsh	293,551	1,521,565	0.5%
Colombian	—	1,451,271	0.4%
Cherokee	239,224	1,449,888	0.4%
Portuguese	543,531	1,350,442	0.4%
Hungarian	390,561	1,247,165	0.4%
Jamaican	903,516	1,234,336	0.4%
Honduran	—	1,219,212	0.4%
Greek	486,878	1,200,706	0.4%
Broadly “British”	503,077	1,196,265	0.4%
Czech	340,768	1,188,711	0.4%
Ukrainian	565,431	1,164,728	0.3%
Haitian	937,373	1,138,855	0.3%
Danish	268,019	1,127,518	0.3%
Broadly "Eastern European"	566,715	951,384	0.3%
Broadly "Scandinavian Americans\|Scandinavian]"	372,673	935,153	0.3%
Indigenous Mexican	548,717	875,183	0.3%
Ecuadorian	—	870,965	0.3%
Swiss	196,120	847,247	0.3%
Venezuelan	—	814,080	0.2%
Peruvian	—	751,519	0.2%
Native Hawaiian	185,466	714,847	0.2%
Nigerian	532,438	712,294	0.2%
Indigenous Central American	315,313	634,503	0.2%
Pakistani	560,494	625,570	0.2%
Finnish	189,603	606,028	0.2%
Slovak	186,902	602,949	0.2%
Lithuanian	167,355	598,508	0.2%
Broadly "Asian"	218,730	591,806	0.2%
Austrian	123,987	584,517	0.2%
Brazilian	389,082	546,757	0.2%
Canadian	249,309	542,459	0.2%
Iranian	392,051	519,658	0.2%
Nicaraguan	—	488,080	0.1%
Armenian	282,012	458,841	0.1%
Other sub-Saharan African All sub-Saharan African origins other those already listed + Ugandan, Senegalese, and Zimbabwean	325,963	452,003	0.1%
Romanian	251,069	450,751	0.1%
Navajo	328,434	434,910	0.1%
Broadly "Northern European"	273,675	434,292	0.1%
Croatian	128,623	389,272	0.1%
Ethiopian	348,332	387,880	0.1%
Cambodian	280,862	376,096	0.1%
Hmong	335,612	362,244	0.1%
Thai	197,158	328,176	0.1%
Taiwanese	263,772	324,389	0.1%
Belgian	96,361	316,493	0.1%
Argentine	—	304,541	0.09%
Choctaw	90,321	295,373	0.09%
Bangladeshi	256,681	272,338	0.08%
Central Asian Not including Kazakh or Uzbek	186,393	269,255	0.08%
Samoan	123,150	264,392	0.08%
Nepali	247,639	260,323	0.08%
Other Pacific Islander	43,135	251,806	0.08%
Guyanese	182,088	250,467	0.08%
Broadly "West Indian"	130,229	245,867	0.07%
Laotian	173,524	245,220	0.07%
Burmese	225,591	244,086	0.07%
Trinidadian	167,746	243,541	0.07%
Panamanian	—	242,035	0.07%
Turkish	168,354	239,667	0.07%
Pennsylvania German	155,563	228,634	0.07%
"Czechoslovakian"	79,992	227,217	0.07%
Albanian	182,625	223,984	0.07%
Sioux	100,575	220,739	0.07%
Ghanaian	179,527	217,322	0.07%
Chippewa/Ojibwe	87,888	206,224	0.06%
Alaska Native	107,877	205,954	0.06%
Chilean	—	199,948	0.06%
"Yugoslavian"	129,759	198,687	0.06%
Apache	73,085	191,823	0.06%
Serbian	96,388	191,538	0.06%
Afghan	169,255	189,493	0.06%
Costa Rican	—	186,159	0.06%
Somali	151,206	164,723	0.05%
Indonesian	84,074	155,173	0.05%
Slovene	48,809	153,589	0.05%
Chamorro	74,138	152,006	0.05%
Israeli	80,336	144,202	0.04%
Bolivian	—	142,108	0.04%
Broadly "Slavic"	57,491	140,956	0.04%
Kenyan	98,938	122,131	0.04%
Creek/Muscogee	36,446	119,850	0.04%
"British West Indian"	74,833	109,344	0.03%
Iroqouis	30,095	107,839	0.03%
Bulgarian	75,386	106,896	0.03%
Cape Verdean	71,306	104,710	0.03%
South African	64,890	98,309	0.03%
Assyrian	64,349	93,542	0.03%
Liberian	76,087	92,651	0.03%
Latvian	33,742	91,859	0.03%
Cajun	59,046	91,706	0.03%
Indigenous South American	28,813	91,508	0.03%
Australian	37,180	88,999	0.03%
Lumbee	58,226	81,645	0.02%
Pueblo	49,201	81,419	0.02%
Other Micronesian	62,829	79,879	0.02%
Tongan	41,530	79,826	0.02%
Uruguayan	—	77,180	0.02%
Sri Lankan	58,210	75,808	0.02%
Chickasaw	23,670	72,601	0.02%
Sudanese	64,586	71,788	0.02%
Yaqui	35,442	71,063	0.02%
Belizean	42,028	67,329	0.02%
Macedonian	39,586	65,107	0.02%
Basque	24,219	62,731	0.02%
Barbadian	37,974	62,356	0.02%
Bahamian	31,777	56,928	0.02%
Icelandic	18,978	53,415	0.02%
Fijian	35,788	53,250	0.02%
Uzbek	25,849	52,304	0.02%
Mongolian	—	51,954	0.02%
Marshallese	43,548	51,119	0.02%

Religion

Religious affiliations

The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body., the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.
According to data from Pew Research, Americans are significantly more religious on average than populations in other developed Western nations, with 55% of Americans reporting praying daily, compared to only 25% of Canadians, 18% of Australians, 6% of British people, and 22% of Europeans as a whole. The country has a smaller share of unaffiliated or atheist population than most other Western nations. However, this population has been growing significantly in recent decades. Surveys conducted in 2014 and 2019 by Pew indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion increased from 16% in 2007 to 23% in 2014 and 26% of the population in 2019. A Pew Research Survey performed in 2012 found that the number of Americans without a religion was approaching the number of Evangelical Protestants, and estimated that if the current growth rate in irreligion continued, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion by 2050.
According to statistical data made by the Pew Research Center in 2023 about 62% of the US population is Christian, 29% is Unaffiliated, 2% is Jewish, 1% follows Buddhism, 1% follows Hinduism, 1% follows Islam and 3% follow traditional religions and others. Currently, the United States has the largest Christian population in the world and the largest Protestant Christian population. The country also has the second largest Jewish community in the world and the largest Buddhist and Hindu communities in the West, as well as the largest number of followers of Islam in North America. The country has about 99 million non-affiliates.

Religious body	Year reported	Places of worship	Membership	Clergy
!a	0000	−9999	−9999	−9999
African Methodist Episcopal Church	1999	no data	2,500	7,741
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	2002	3,226	1,431	3,252
American Baptist Association	2009	1,600	100	1,740
Amish, Old Order	1993	898	227	3,592
American Baptist Churches USA	2017	5,057	1,146	4,145
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America	1998	220	65	263
Armenian Apostolic Church	2010	153	1,000	200
Armenian [Catholic Church]	2010		36
Assemblies of God	2018	13,017	1,857	38,199
Baptist Bible Fellowship International	2010	4,000	1,100	4,190
Baptist General Conference	1998	876	141	no data
Baptist Missionary Association of America	2010	1,272	138	1,525
Buddhism	2001	no data	1,082	no data
Christian and Missionary Alliance, The	1998	1,964	346	1,629
Christian Brethren	1997	1,150	100	no data
Christian Church	2018	3,624	382	2,066
Christian churches and churches of Christ	1998	5,579	1,072	5,525
Christian Congregation, Inc., The	1998	1,438	117	1,436
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	1983	2,340	719	no data
Christian Reformed Church in North America	1998	733	199	655
Church of God in Christ	1991	15,300	5,500	28,988
Church of God of Prophecy	1997	1,908	77	2,000
Church of God	1998	2,353	234	3,034
Church of God	1995	6,060	753	3,121
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints	2014	14,018	6,466	38,259
Church of the Brethren	2019	978	99	827
Church of the Nazarene	1998	5,101	627	4,598
Churches of Christ	2019	11,989	1,116	14,500
Conservative Baptist Association of America	1998	1,200	200	no data
Community of Christ	1998	1,236	140	19,319
Coptic Orthodox Church	2003	200	1,000	200
Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians	2012	383	130	500
Cumberland Presbyterian Church	1998	774	87	630
Episcopal Church	2018	6,423	1,676	8,131
Evangelical Covenant Church, The	1998	628	97	607
Evangelical Free Church of America, The	1995	1,224	243	1,936
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America	2018	9,091	3,363	9,646
Evangelical Presbyterian Church	1998	187	145	262
Free Methodist Church of North America	1998	990	73	no data
Full Gospel Fellowship	1999	896	275	2,070
General Association of General Baptists	1997	790	72	1,085
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches	1998	1,415	102	no data
U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches	1996	368	82	590
Grace Gospel Fellowship	1992	128	60	160
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America	2006	560	1,500	840
Hinduism	2001	no data	766	no data
Independent Fundamental Churches of America	1999	659	62	no data
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel	1998	1,851	238	4,900
International Council of Community Churches	1998	150	250	182
International Pentecostal Holiness Church	1998	1,716	177	1507
Islam	2011	no data	2,600	no data
Jainism	no data	no data	50	no data
Jehovah's Witnesses	2014	13,871	1,243	no data
Judaism	2006	3,727	6,588	no data
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, The	2017	6,046	1,969	6,055
Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric	2010	19	50	no data
Mennonite Church USA	2005	943	114	no data
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches	1998	416	67	534
National Association of Free Will Baptists	2007	2,369	186	3,915
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.	1987	2,500	3,500	8,000
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.	1992	33,000	8,200	32,832
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America	2004	300	400	no data
Orthodox Church in America	2010	750	131	970
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc.	1998	1,750	1,500	4,500
Pentecostal Church of God	1998	1,237	104	no data
Pentecostal Church International, United	2008	28,351	4,037	22,881
Presbyterian Church in America	1997	1,340	385	1,642
Presbyterian Church	2018	9,161	1,245	19,243
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.	2017	1,200	1,500	no data
Reformed Church in America	2018	902	200	915
Religious Society of Friends	1994	1,200	104	no data
Roman Catholic Church	2002	19,484	66,404	50,017
Romanian Episcopate\|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]	1996	37	65	37
Salvation Army, The	1998	1,388	471	2,920
Scientology	2005	1,300	55	1
Serbian Orthodox Church	1986	68	67	60
Seventh-day Adventist Church	1998	4,405	840	2,454
Sikhism	1999	244	80	no data
Southern Baptist Convention	2019	47,530	14,525	71,520
Unitarian Universalism	2001	no data	629	no data
United Church of Christ	2016	5,000	880	5,868
United House of Prayer for All People	no data	100	25	no data
United Methodist Church, The	2018	36,170	6,672	no data
Wesleyan Church, The	1998	1,590	120	1,806
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod	2018	1,281	359	1,222
Zoroastrianism	2006	no data	11	no data
~z	9999	99999999	99999999	99999999

According to Pew Research Center study released in 2018, by 2040, Islam will surpass Judaism to become the second largest religion in the US due to higher immigration and birth rates.

Religions of U.S. adults

The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.
Adult respondents were asked the open-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.
Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008
Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.

Group	1990 adults × 1,000	2001 adults × 1,000	2008 adults × 1,000	Numerical Change 1990– 2008 as % of 1990	1990 % of adults	2001 % of adults	2008 % of adults	change in % of total adults 1990– 2008
Adult population, total	175,440	207,983	228,182	30.1%
Adult population, Responded	171,409	196,683	216,367	26.2%	97.7%	94.6%	94.8%	−2.9%
Total Christian	151,225	159,514	173,402	14.7%	86.2%	76.7%	76.0%	−10.2%
Catholic	46,004	50,873	57,199	24.3%	26.2%	24.5%	25.1%	−1.2%
Non-Catholic Christian	105,221	108,641	116,203	10.4%	60.0%	52.2%	50.9%	−9.0%
Baptist	33,964	33,820	36,148	6.4%	19.4%	16.3%	15.8%	−3.5%
Mainline Protestant	32,784	35,788	29,375	−10.4%	18.7%	17.2%	12.9%	−5.8%
Methodist	14,174	14,039	11,366	−19.8%	8.1%	6.8%	5.0%	−3.1%
Lutheran	9,110	9,580	8,674	−4.8%	5.2%	4.6%	3.8%	−1.4%
Presbyterian	4,985	5,596	4,723	−5.3%	2.8%	2.7%	2.1%	−0.8%
Episcopalian/Anglican	3,043	3,451	2,405	−21.0%	1.7%	1.7%	1.1%	−0.7%
United Church of Christ	438	1,378	736	68.0%	0.2%	0.7%	0.3%	0.1%
Christian Generic	25,980	22,546	32,441	24.9%	14.8%	10.8%	14.2%	−0.6%
Jehovah's Witness	1,381	1,331	1,914	38.6%	0.8%	0.6%	0.8%	0.1%
Christian Unspecified	8,073	14,190	16,384	102.9%	4.6%	6.8%	7.2%	2.6%
Non-denominational Christian	194	2,489	8,032	4040.2%	0.1%	1.2%	3.5%	3.4%
Protestant – Unspecified	17,214	4,647	5,187	−69.9%	9.8%	2.2%	2.3%	−7.5%
Evangelical/Born Again	546	1,088	2,154	294.5%	0.3%	0.5%	0.9%	0.6%
Pentecostal/Charismatic	5,647	7,831	7,948	40.7%	3.2%	3.8%	3.5%	0.3%
Pentecostal – Unspecified	3,116	4,407	5,416	73.8%	1.8%	2.1%	2.4%	0.6%
Assemblies of God	617	1,105	810	31.3%	0.4%	0.5%	0.4%	0.0%
Church of God	590	943	663	12.4%	0.3%	0.5%	0.3%	0.0%
Other Protestant Denomination	4,630	5,949	7,131	54.0%	2.6%	2.9%	3.1%	0.5%
Seventh-day Adventist	668	724	938	40.4%	0.4%	0.3%	0.4%	0.0%
Churches of Christ	1,769	2,593	1,921	8.6%	1.0%	1.2%	0.8%	−0.2%
Mormon/Latter-Day Saints	2,487	2,697	3,158	27.0%	1.4%	1.3%	1.4%	0.0%
Total non-Christian religions	5,853	7,740	8,796	50.3%	3.3%	3.7%	3.9%	0.5%
Jewish	3,137	2,837	2,680	−14.6%	1.8%	1.4%	1.2%	−0.6%
Eastern Religions	687	2,020	1,961	185.4%	0.4%	1.0%	0.9%	0.5%
Buddhist	404	1,082	1,189	194.3%	0.2%	0.5%	0.5%	0.3%
Muslim	527	1,104	1,349	156.0%	0.3%	0.5%	0.6%	0.3%
New Religious Movements & Others	1,296	1,770	2,804	116.4%	0.7%	0.9%	1.2%	0.5%
None/ No religion, total	14,331	29,481	34,169	138.4%	8.2%	14.2%	15.0%	6.8%
Agnostic+Atheist	1,186	1,893	3,606	204.0%	0.7%	0.9%	1.6%	0.9%
Did Not Know/ Refused to reply	4,031	11,300	11,815	193.1%	2.3%	5.4%	5.2%	2.9%

LGBTQ population

The United States Census Bureau does not measure sexual orientation but plans are in place to start measuring it starting in 2027 with the American Community Survey. In 2024, Gallup reported that 9.3% of adults were LGBTQ. The percentage of people who have reported being LGBTQ has risen during the 2010s and 2020s. Of LGBTQ adults in the United States, the most common identification was bisexual, with 56.3% of LGBTQ adults identifying as bisexual; bisexual people made up 5.2% of the adult U.S. population. The survey also reported that 13.9% of LGBTQ adults were transgender and made up 1.3% of the U.S. adult population.
In June 2023, UCLA's Williams Institute reported that there were approximately 823,000 same-sex couples in the United States. Also according to the institute, most same-sex couples were female at 53% and males were 47% of same-sex couples.

Migration

Immigration

Foreign-born population

As of 2017, an estimated 44,525,458 residents of the United States were foreign-born, 13.5% of the country's total population. This demographic includes recent as well as longstanding immigrants; statistically Europeans have resided in the US longer than those from other regions with approximately 66% having arrived prior to 2000.

Place of birth	Estimate	Percentage of total foreign-born people
Americas	23,241,959	52.2%
Caribbean	4,414,943	9.9%
> Cuba	1,311,803	3.0%
> Dominican Republic	1,162,568	2.6%
Central America	14,796,926	33.2%
> Mexico	11,269,913	25.3%
> El Salvador	1,401,832	3.2%
South America	3,213,187	7.2%
Canada	809,267	1.8%
Europe	4,818,662	10.8%
Northern Europe	941,796	2.1%
Western Europe	949,591	2.1%
Southern Europe	761,390	1.7%
Eastern Europe	2,153,855	4.8%
Asia	13,907,844	31.2%
Eastern Asia	4,267,303	9.6%
> China	2,639,365	5.9%
> Korea	1,064,960	2.4%
South Central Asia	4,113,013	9.2%
> India	2,348,687	5.3%
South Eastern Asia	4,318,647	9.8%
> Philippines	1,945,345	4.4%
> Vietnam	1,314,927	3.0%
Western Asia	1,159,835	2.6%
Africa	2,293,028	5.2%
Eastern Africa	693,784	1.6%
Middle Africa	163,364	0.4%
Northern Africa	359,559	0.8%
Southern Africa	116,297	0.2%
Western Africa	837,290	1.9%
Oceania	263,965	0.6%
Australia and New Zealand Subregion	123,080	0.3%

Immigration (2023)

In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% were naturalized citizens, 27% were lawful permanent residents, 6% were temporary lawful residents, and 23% were unauthorized immigrants. The Pew Research Center estimated that "the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached an all-time high of 14 million in 2023 after two consecutive years of growth".
Among current living immigrants to the U.S., the top five countries of birth are Mexico, China, India, the Philippines and El Salvador. Some 13% of current living immigrants come from Europe and Canada, and 10% from the Caribbean. Among new arrivals, Asian immigrants have been more numerous than Hispanic immigrants since 2010; in 2017, 37.4% of immigrant arrivals were Asian, and 26.6% were Hispanic. Until 2017 and 2018, the United States led the world in refugee resettlement for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined. From fiscal year 1980 until 2017, 55% of refugees came from Asia, 27% from Europe, 13% from Africa, and 4% from Latin America, fleeing war and persecution.

Net migration rate : 3 migrants/1,000 population. Country comparison to the world: 38th
Net migration rate* : 0.73 migrants/1,000 population.

*
As of 2017, 13.6% of the population was foreign-born – an increase from 4.7% in 1970 but less than the 1890 record of 14.8%. Some 45% of the foreign-born population were naturalized US citizens. Around 23% of the foreign-born community is undocumented, accounting for 3.2% of the total population. According to the 2010 census, Latin America and the Caribbean is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for 53% of the foreign-born population. As of 2018, this region is still the largest source of immigrants to the United States. In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S. born children of immigrants in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population. In 2018, 1,096,611 immigrants were granted either permanent or temporary legal residence in the United States

Country

2023

Mexico

Emigration and Expatriation

As of April 2015, the U.S. State Department estimated that 8.7 million American citizens live overseas. Americans living abroad are not counted in the U.S. Census unless they are federal government employees or dependents of a federal employee. A 2010 paper estimated the number of civilian Americans living abroad to be around 4 million. So-called "accidental Americans" are citizens of a country other than the United States who may also be considered U.S. citizens or be eligible for U.S. citizenship under specific laws but are not aware of having such status.
As of 2022, 1.6 million Americans live in Mexico, according to the State Department.

Economics

Income

In 2020, the median household income in the United States was around $67,521, 2.9 percent less than the 2019 median of $69,560. Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and marital status.

Economic class

Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence is controversial. The following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:

Unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted)

Year	Unemployment Rate
	4.2%
	4.2%
	3.5%
	3.5%
	5.4%
	10.2%
	3.7%
	3.7%
	4.3%
	4.9%
	5.3%
	6.2%

The U6 unemployment rate as of 2017 was 8.6 percent. The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment, but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U6 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have become discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.
Urban Americans have more job opportunities than those in more rural areas. From 2008 to 2018, 72% of the nation's employment growth occurred in cities with more than one million residents, which account for 56% of the overall population.

Generational cohorts

A definitive recent study of U.S. generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?" They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven distinct cohorts became evident.
Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:

Generation	Birth years	Notes	Citation
Lost Generation	1883 – 1900	Came of age during World War I; known for disillusionment and questioning of traditional values.
Greatest Generation	1901 – 1927	Also called the "G.I. Generation"; fought in World War II.
Silent Generation	1928 – 1945	Grew up during the Great Depression and World War II; includes most who fought in the Korean War.
Baby boomers	1946 – 1964	The large generation of children born after World War II to the Greatest and Silent Generations; also called "boomers".
Generation X	1965 – 1980	Sometimes called the "baby bust" generation due to declining birth rates after the baby boom.
Millennials	1981 – 1996	Also known as "Generation Y"; often the children of boomers.
Generation Z	c. 1997 – 2012	Also known as "zoomers"; often the children of Generation X.
Generation Alpha	Early 2010s – mid-2020s	First generation fully raised in a digital world; often the children of millennials.

U.S. demographic birth cohorts

Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve. The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relatively large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.
From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to levels prior to World War II, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn.

Mobility

In 2021, 27.1 million Americans said they were living in a different place than a year before, compared to 29.8 million in 2020. This reflects an 8.4% mover rate, the lowest recorded in more than 70 years.

Education

In 2022 the most common level of highest educational attainment among those 25 years old and up was completing high school.

Housing

According to the 2020 United States Census, the country had a total of 140,498,736 housing units, of which 126,817,580 were occupied and 13,681,156 were classified as being vacant, irrespective of status. Of the occupied units, 80,051,358 units were owner-occupied, while 46,766,222 units were occupied by tenants.

Demographics of the United States

Population

Growth rate

Age and sex distribution

Sex distribution

Percent distribution of the total population by age: 1900 to 2015

Dependency ratio

Density

Median age of the population

Population centers

Population by year (includes estimates)

National population

Vital statistics

U.S. demographic table

Current vital statistics

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Total fertility rates from 1800 to 2020

Total fertility rates by state, federal district or territory

Births and fertility by race

Number of births by state

Number of births by country of birth of the mother (2024)

Number of births by race and origin

U.S.-born residents

Percent of births to White Non-Hispanic women that were their 8th+ child, by U.S. state, in 2021

Mother's mean age at first birth

Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth from 1901 to 2015

Life tables

Future projections

Race and ethnicity

Race

Hispanic or Latino origin

Indigenous peoples

Other groups

Veterans

Illegal immigrants

Prisoners

Projections

U.S. Census Census Bureau projections

Self-reported ancestry

Religion

Religious affiliations

Religions of U.S. adults

LGBTQ population

Migration

Immigration

Foreign-born population

Immigration (2023)

Emigration and Expatriation

Economics

Income

Economic class

Unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted)

Generational cohorts

U.S. demographic birth cohorts

Mobility

Education

Housing

U.S. housing units

Lists

Income

Population