Turkic history


Turkic history is the systematic documentation and study of events involving the Turkic peoples.

Origins

Turks are an important political identity of Eurasia. They first appeared at Inner Eurasian steppes and migrated to many various regions and participated in many local civilizations there. It is not yet known when, where, and how the Turks formed as a collective identity. However, it is believed that Proto-Turkic people inhabited regions that supported a lifestyle consistent with the Eurasian equestrian pastoral nomadic culture.
Türk was first used as a political identity in history during the Göktürk Khaganate period. The Turkic script">Turkic people">Turkic script was invented by Göktürks as well. The ruling Ashina clan origins are disputed.
File:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb mural, 7th century CE, Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Shoroon Bumbagar tomb mural, Göktürk, 7th century CE, Mongolia.
Although there are debates about its inception, the history of the Turks is an important part of world history. The history of all people that emerged in Eurasia and North Africa has been affected by the movements of the Turks to some degree. Turks also played an important role in bringing Eastern cultures to the West and Western cultures to the East. Their own religion became the pioneer and defender of the foreign religions they adopted after Tengrism, and they helped their spread and development.

The beginning of Turkic history

3rd century (Before Christ)

  • 220: Modu Chanyu uniting Turkic and Mongolian tribes under Xiongnu, the first turkic state. Xiongnu existed before Modu Chanyu. But, Modu Chanyu was the one to unite most of the Turkic tribes and make bigger contributions, compared to his Father. He killed his father in his father's tent with his most loyal archers. His father married a chinese princess and they had a child. This move was a strategic move by the Chinese to take over the empire, in which they succeeded and took over Turkic empires and states in history. This was not the case with Xiongnu though, as Modu realized the situation and ordered his men to execute his father for his "treachery to state". Modu then took over the state and established an army, in which the date of it is accepted as the symbolic establishment date of Turkish Land Forces.

    4th century

  • 395: Migration Period

    5th century

  • 461: Sabir people around Siberia
  • 480: Pre-Bulgarians between the Caspian Sea and the Danube

    Middle Ages/Turks

6th century

Central Asia

Inner Asia

Central Asia

Central Asia

Central Asia

Asia

Asia and the Middle East

Asia

16th century

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe

Central Asia

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe

File:Sueleymanname_nahcevan.jpg|thumb|482x482px|A miniature showing the march of Suleiman the Magnificent to Nakhchivan.

Turkish books

  • İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Türk Millî Kültürü, Ankara, 1983.
  • Zeki. Velidi Togan, Umumi Türk Tarihine Giriş, İstanbul, 1970.
  • Faruk Sümer, Oğuzlar, İstanbul, 1980.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, İslamiyetten Önce Türk Kültür Tarihi, Ankara, 1962.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Kültür Tarihine Giriş, İstanbul, 1978.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, Büyük Hun İmparatorluğu Tarihi, Ankara, 1981.
  • Çeçen Anıl, Tarihte Türk Devletleri, İstanbul, 1986.
  • O. Esad Arseven, Türk Sanat Tarihi, İstanbul, 1955.
  • Muharrem Ergin, Orhun Abideleri, İstanbul, 1977.
  • Erol Güngör, Tarihte Türkler, İstanbul, 1989.
  • Abdülkadir İnan, Eski Türk Dini Tarihi, İstanbul, 1976.
  • A. Nimet Kurat, Karadeniz Kuzeyindeki Türk Kavimleri ve Devletleri, Ankara, 1972.
  • Hüseyin Namık Orkun, Eski Türk Yazıtları, İstanbul, 1986.
  • Hüseyin Namık Orkun, Türk Tarihi, Ankara, 1946.
  • Osman Turan, Türk Cihan Hakimiyeti Mefrukesi Tarihi, İstanbul, 1978.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Mitolojisi, Ankara, 1971.
  • Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Hindistan Tarihi, Ankara, 1946.
  • İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Selçuklu Tarihi, İstanbul, 1972.
  • İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Harzemşahlar Devleti Tarihi, Ankara, 1956.
  • M. Altay Köymen, Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu Tarihi, Ankara, 1954.
  • Çağatay Uluçay, İlk Müslüman Türk Devletleri, İstanbul, 1977.
  • Faruk Sümer, Karakoyunlular, Ankara, 1984.
  • A.N. Kurat, Peçenek Tarihi, İstanbul, 1937.
  • B. Yenilmez, Yenilmez, Rize, 2002.

    English and foreign books

  • R. Grousset, L'Empire des steppes, Paris, 1960
  • DE. Guignes, Histoire generale des Huns des Turcs et des Mongols, Paris, 1756.
  • Jean-Paul Roux, Historie des Turcs, 1984.
  • Jean-Paul Roux, Timur, 1994.
  • Fayard Paris, Historie des Turcs, 1984.
  • D.Sinor, Aspects of Altaic Civilization, 1963.
  • M. Barthold, Turkestan down to the Mongol Invansıon, Londra, 1968.
  • E. Berl, Historie de l'Europe d'Attila a Tamerlan, Paris, 1946.
  • M.A. Czaplıcka, The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day, Oxford, 1918.
  • W. Eberhard, Kultur und Siedlung der Randvölker China, 1942.
  • L. Hambis, La Haute-Asie, Paris, 1953.
  • Hammer-Purgstall, Von, Historie de l'Empire ottoman depuis son origine jusqu!a nos jours, Paris, 1835.
  • H.H. Howorth, History of the Mongols, Londra, 1876.
  • Jean-Paul Roux, Türklerin Tarihi – Pasifikten Akdenize 2000 Yıl, 2004