Portrait of a Lady on Fire


Portrait of a Lady on Fire is a 2019 French historical romantic drama film written and directed by Céline Sciamma, starring Noémie Merlant and Adèle Haenel. Set in France in the late 18th century, the film tells the story of a brief affair between two young women: an aristocrat and a painter commissioned to paint her portrait. It was Haenel's final film role before retiring from the film industry in 2023.
Portrait of a Lady on Fire was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival. The film won the Queer Palm at Cannes, becoming the first film directed by a woman to win the award. Sciamma also won the award for Best Screenplay at Cannes. The film was theatrically released in France on 18 September 2019.
It was nominated for Independent Spirit Awards, Critics' Choice Awards and Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top five foreign language films of 2019. The film was one of three shortlisted by the French Ministry of Culture to be France's submission to the 92nd Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film.
Portrait of a Lady on Fire was voted the 30th greatest film of all time in the Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll. It has also been considered one of the best films of 2019, the 21st century, and of all time.
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Plot

At the end of the 18th century, Marianne, a painter, is teaching an art class in France. One of her students asks her about a painting of hers, which Marianne calls Portrait de la jeune fille en feu.
Years earlier, Marianne arrives on a distant island in Brittany. She has been commissioned to paint a portrait of a young woman of the gentry named Héloïse, who is to be married off to a Milanese nobleman. Héloïse's mother, the Countess, tells Marianne that Héloïse has previously refused to pose for portraits, as she does not want to be married; she had been living in a convent before her older sister's suicide necessitated her return and her betrothal. Marianne acts as Héloïse's hired companion to be able to paint her in secret and accompanies her on daily walks along the rugged coastline to memorize Héloïse's features.
Marianne finishes the portrait, but finds herself unable to betray Héloïse's trust and reveals her true reason for arriving. After Héloïse criticises the painting, which does not seem to portray her true nature, Marianne destroys the work and tells the Countess she can create a better painting. As the Countess is getting ready to fire Marianne, Héloïse says that she will pose for Marianne. The Countess is shocked to hear this and gives Marianne five days to complete the new portrait while she is away on the mainland. Marianne is haunted throughout the house by visions of Héloïse in a wedding dress. One evening, they read the story of Orpheus and Eurydice and debate the reason Orpheus turns around to look at his wife, causing her to be returned to the underworld, with Héloïse suggesting that Eurydice asked him to. Later, the two go to a bonfire gathering where women sing and Héloïse's dress briefly catches fire as she stares at Marianne.
The next day, Marianne and Héloïse share their first kiss and have sex later that night. They spend the next few days together, during which their bond grows stronger, and help the housemaid, Sophie, get an abortion. With their relationship about to be cut short by the Countess's return, Marianne sketches a drawing of Héloïse to remember her by, and Héloïse asks Marianne to draw a nude sketch of herself on page 28 of her book. The Countess approves of the new portrait, and the next morning Marianne bids farewell. As she is about to leave the house, she hears Héloïse say, "Turn around". She turns and sees Héloïse in her wedding dress.
In the present, Marianne reveals that she saw Héloïse two more times. The first was in the form of a portrait at an art exhibition, in which Héloïse, with a child beside her, is portrayed holding a book and surreptitiously revealing the edge of page 28. The second time was at a concert in Milan, where she notices Héloïse among the patrons seated in the balcony across the theater from her. Unobserved, Marianne watches as Héloïse is overwhelmed by emotion while listening to the orchestra playing the Presto from "Summer" in Vivaldi's Four Seasons, music that Marianne had played for her on a harpsichord years before.

Cast

Production

Principal photography began in October 2018 and was completed in 38 days. Filming took place in Saint-Pierre-Quiberon in Brittany and a château in La Chapelle-Gauthier, Seine-et-Marne. The film was produced by Lilies Films, Arte France Cinéma, and Hold Up Films.
The paintings and sketches in the film are by artist Hélène Delmaire. She painted for 16 hours every day during the course of filming, basing her painting on the blocking of the scenes. Her hands are also featured in the film. To mark the release of the film in France, Delmaire's paintings from Portrait of a Lady on Fire were exhibited at the Galerie Joseph in Paris from 20 to 22 September 2019.

Soundtrack

Sciamma decided to do without a conventional score. Instead, the soundtrack consists of an original single, La Jeune Fille en Feu, by composers Para One and Arthur Simonini. The song—performed by Sequenza 9.3, with Catherine Simonpiétri conducting—is scored for female choir a cappella and rhythmic clapping. According to Para One, although he and Simonini researched 18th-century music, they nonetheless recommended to Sciamma "a modern sound" inspired by György Ligeti's Requiem. Sciamma provided the lyrics: the Latin phrase 'Non possunt fugere' and coda 'Nos resurgemus'—roughly translated as 'They cannot escape' and 'We rise', respectively.
In a review of the song for Slate, Matthew Dessum wrote, "The parsimonious use of music in the rest of the film makes the bonfire scene completely overwhelming for characters and audience alike, so intense that it is almost unbearable. The music is beautiful, it is transporting, it is ". Writing in Paste, Ellen Johnson concurred: "It's utterly shocking to hear the strange chant after more than an hour of almost no music at all, but that's what makes it so timely... a skin-tingling experience."
The film features the third movement of "Summer" from Vivaldi's "The Four Seasons", performed by the Italian Baroque orchestra La Serenissima.

Release

On 22 August 2018, film distributor mk2 began the sale of international rights to the film, with Pyramide Films acquiring the distribution rights for France. On 10 February 2019, Curzon Artificial Eye acquired the rights for the United Kingdom, Karma Films did so for Spain, Cinéart for Benelux, and Folkets Bio for Sweden. A few days after its premiere at Cannes, Neon and Hulu acquired North American distribution rights in a heated auction that also saw offers from Sony Pictures Classics and Netflix.
Portrait of a Lady on Fire was released in France on 18 September 2019. The film premiered theatrically in the United States as a limited release on 6 December 2019, followed by a wide release on 14 February 2020. It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 February 2020.

Home media

The DVD and Blu-ray for Zone 2 was released by Pyramide Video on 18 February 2020. The film was released as VOD on Hulu on 27 March 2020. The DVD for Region 1 and Blu-ray for Region A was released by The Criterion Collection on 23 June 2020.

Influences

Céline Sciamma said she wanted "to make a romance film with a totally new story", adding, "there are a few films that are totally dedicated to love, so, often, those are biggest stories in cinema." Among her influences she cites Titanic, Mulholland Drive, Alfred Hitchcock, and Barry Lyndon for lighting with candles. She places the female gaze at the center of her film. She was also influenced by the character Ada in Jane Campion's 1993 film The Piano, who throws herself and her instrument into the water; in Sciamma's film, Marianne throws herself into the water to rescue painting materials that fall overboard. Sciamma said the start of Portrait of a Lady on Fire can be seen as a continuation of Campion's film.

Reception

Critical response

Portrait of a Lady on Fire received broad acclaim. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews from critics, with an average rating of. The website's critical consensus reads, "A singularly rich period piece, Portrait of a Lady on Fire finds stirring, thought-provoking drama within a powerfully acted romance." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 95 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "universal acclaim", and has been designated a Metacritic "Must See" movie. It is the second best reviewed film of 2019.
A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote that Portrait of a Lady on Fire is a "subtle and thrilling love story, at once unsentimental in its realistic assessment of women's circumstances", calling Marianne and Héloïse's relationship "less a chronicle of forbidden desire than an examination of how desire works" and "the dangerous, irresistible power of looking". Mark Kermode from The Observer/The Guardian gave the film five stars and called it "an intellectually erotic study of power and passion in which observed becomes observer, authored becomes author, returning time and again to a central question: 'If you look at me, who do I look at?'", and described the unwanted pregnancy subplot as "confronting but also depicting a taboo subject and its representation, refusing to look away, finding strength in sorority." For Variety, Peter Debruge wrote: "Though this gorgeous, slow-burn lesbian romance works strongly enough on a surface level, one can hardly ignore the fact, as true then as it is now, that the world looks different when seen through a woman's eyes", calling the film "rigorously scripted" and Sciamma's approach "looking past surfaces in an attempt to capture deeper emotion".
For The New Yorker, Rachel Syme wrote that Portrait of a Lady on Fire thoroughly examines "the entanglements between artistic creation and burgeoning love, between memory and ambition and freedom. The film is about the erotic, electric connection between women when they find their desire for creative experience fulfilled in each other, but it is equally about the powers of art to validate, preserve, and console after a romance is over".
The film was voted the 30th greatest film of all time in the Sight and Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2022, the highest of films released in the 2010s. In 2025, the film ranked 38th on The New York Timess list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century" and 26th on the "Readers' Choice" edition of the list. Also in 2025, it ranked 82nd on Rolling Stones list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century".

Accolades

AwardDate of ceremonyCategoryNomineeResult
Cannes Film Festival25 May 2019Palme d'OrCéline SciammaNomitated
Cannes Film Festival25 May 2019Best ScreenplayCéline SciammaWon
Cannes Film Festival25 May 2019Queer PalmCéline SciammaWon
British Independent Film Awards1 December 2019Best International Independent FilmCéline Sciamma, Véronique Cayla, Bénédicte CouvreurNomitated
Ljubljana LGBT Film Festival1 December 2019Pink Dragon Audience AwardPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
European Film Awards7 December 2019Best DirectorCéline SciammaNomitated
European Film Awards7 December 2019Best ActressNoémie MerlantNomitated
European Film Awards7 December 2019Best ActressAdèle HaenelNomitated
European Film Awards7 December 2019Best ScreenwriterCéline SciammaWon
European Film Awards7 December 2019European University Film AwardPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
New York Film Critics Online7 December 2019Foreign LanguagePortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Los Angeles Film Critics Association8 December 2019Best CinematographyClaire MathonWon
Toronto Film Critics Association8 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on Fire
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association8 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Women Film Critics Circle9 December 2019Best Movie by a WomanCéline Sciamma
Women Film Critics Circle9 December 2019Best Woman StorytellerCéline Sciamma
Women Film Critics Circle9 December 2019Best Movie About WomenPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Women Film Critics Circle9 December 2019Best Foreign Film By or About WomenPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Women Film Critics Circle9 December 2019Karen Morley AwardPortrait of a Lady on Fire
Women Film Critics Circle9 December 2019Best Screen CoupleNoémie Merlant and Adèle HaenelWon
Chicago Film Critics Association14 December 2019Best CinematographyClaire MathonNomitated
Chicago Film Critics Association14 December 2019Best Costume DesignPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Chicago Film Critics Association14 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association14 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on Fire
Boston Society of Film Critics15 December 2019Best PicturePortrait of a Lady on Fire
Boston Society of Film Critics15 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on Fire
Boston Society of Film Critics15 December 2019Best CinematographyClaire MathonWon
St. Louis Film Critics Association15 December 2019Best Foreign FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best FilmPortrait of a Lady on Fire
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best DirectorCéline Sciamma
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best ScreenplayPortrait of a Lady on Fire
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best ActressNoémie Merlant
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best ActressAdèle Haenel
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best Supporting ActressAdèle Haenel
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best CinematographyPortrait of a Lady on Fire
IndieWire Critics Poll16 December 2019Best Foreign FilmPortrait of a Lady on Fire
San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle16 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Seattle Film Critics Society16 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Seattle Film Critics Society16 December 2019Best CinematographyClaire MathonNomitated
Florida Film Critics Circle23 December 2019Best PicturePortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Florida Film Critics Circle23 December 2019Best DirectorCéline SciammaWon
Florida Film Critics Circle23 December 2019Best Original ScreenplayCéline SciammaNomitated
Florida Film Critics Circle23 December 2019Best CinematographyClaire Mathon
Florida Film Critics Circle23 December 2019Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
National Society of Film Critics4 January 2020Best CinematographyClaire MathonWon
Golden Globe Awards5 January 2020Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Austin Film Critics Association6 January 2020Best Supporting ActressAdèle HaenelNomitated
Austin Film Critics Association6 January 2020Best Foreign-Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Online Film Critics Society6 January 2020Best PicturePortrait of a Lady on Fire
Online Film Critics Society6 January 2020Best DirectorCéline SciammaNomitated
Online Film Critics Society6 January 2020Best CinematographyClaire MathonNomitated
Online Film Critics Society6 January 2020Best Film Not in the English LanguagePortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
New York Film Critics Circle Awards7 January 2020Best CinematographyClaire MathonWon
National Board of Review8 January 2020Top Five Foreign Language FilmsPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Dorian Awards8 January 2020Film of the YearPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Dorian Awards8 January 2020Director of the YearCéline SciammaNomitated
Dorian Awards8 January 2020LGBTQ Film of the YearPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Dorian Awards8 January 2020Foreign Language Film of the YearPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Dorian Awards8 January 2020Screenplay of the YearCéline SciammaNomitated
Dorian Awards8 January 2020Visually Striking Film of the YearPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Georgia Film Critics Association10 January 2020Best CinematographyClaire MathonNomitated
Georgia Film Critics Association10 January 2020Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Critics' Choice Awards12 January 2020Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Lumière Awards27 January 2020Best FilmPortrait of a Lady on Fire
Lumière Awards27 January 2020Best DirectorCéline Sciamma
Lumière Awards27 January 2020Best ActressNoémie MerlantWon
Lumière Awards27 January 2020Best CinematographyClaire MathonWon
London Film Critics Circle30 January 2020Film of the YearPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
London Film Critics Circle30 January 2020Foreign-Language Film of the YearPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
British Academy Film Awards2 February 2020Best Film Not in the English LanguagePortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Satellite Awards7 February 2020Best Foreign Language FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Film Independent Spirit Awards8 February 2020Best International FilmCéline SciammaNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best FilmBénédicte Couvreur and Céline SciammaNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best DirectorCéline SciammaNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best ActressAdèle HaenelNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best ActressNoémie MerlantNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Most Promising ActressLuàna BajramiNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best Original ScreenplayCéline SciammaNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best CinematographyClaire MathonWon
César Awards28 February 2020Best SoundJulien Sicart, Valérie de Loof and Daniel SobrinoNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best Costume DesignDorothée GuiraudNomitated
César Awards28 February 2020Best Production DesignThomas GrézaudNomitated
GLAAD Media Award19 March 2020Outstanding Film – Limited ReleasePortrait of a Lady on FireNomitated
Nastro d'Argento6 July 2020Best Supporting ActressValeria GolinoWon
Dublin Film Critics' Circle18 December 2020Best FilmPortrait of a Lady on FireWon
Robert Awards6 February 2021Best Non-English-language FeaturePortrait of a Lady on FireWon