November 1913

November 1, 1913 (Saturday)

• The Count of Monte Cristo, at one hour and nine minutes long the first feature film in the United States premiered.
• The National Conservation Exposition officially closed in Knoxville, Tennessee. Over a million visitors attended the exposition which explored conservation activities throughout the Southern United States.
• Municipal elections were held for the Liverpool City Council, with the Conservative Party retaining the most seats. It was the last local election held before the outbreak of World War I the following year.
• The American steamship was launched by Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia to serve the Matson Line between San Francisco and Hawaii.
• The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team upset the Army Cadets, 35–13, by using the forward pass. Although the pass had been legal since 1906, it had seldom been used in a major college football game. Gus Dorais completed 12 of 14 attempts, most of them to future Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne for long gains. The game demonstrated the forward pass's strategic advantage for smaller teams against larger ones.
• The Honam rail line was extended to Gwangju, Korea with stations Gwangju Songjeong and Naju service the line.
• The musical comedy Are You There? by composer Ruggero Leoncavallo premiered at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London, but the audience response was so hostile it nearly resulted in a riot. The show closed in 23 days due to poor reviews and ticket sales.
• The association football club União was established in Funchal, Portugal, and remains one of the oldest running clubs in the country.
• Born: Andrzej Mostowski, Polish mathematician, developed the set theory Mostowski collapse lemma; in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary

  November 2, 1913 (Sunday)

• Prince Ernest Augustus married Princess Victoria Louise, allowing them to become the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick as well as healing a rift between the royal houses of Hohenzollern and Hanover. The wedding was also the last gathering of European monarchs before the outbreak of World War I.
• King Rama decreed the establishment of a flying corps for Siam.
• St. Louis Browns manager George Stovall signed on with the Kansas City Packers as first baseman and manager, the first Major League Baseball player to jump to the Federal League.
• The daily Morning Paper began publication in Reykjavík.
• Born:
• * Burt Lancaster, American actor, known for roles in From Here to Eternity, Sweet Smell of Success, and Birdman of Alcatraz, recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actor for Elmer Gantry; as Burton Lancaster, in New York City
• * Carmen Amaya, Spanish Romani dancer, promoter of the flamenco dance; in Barcelona
• * Ivor Roberts-Jones, British sculptor known for works including "The Two Kings" at Harlech Castle, Wales and the commissioned statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square; in Oswestry, Shropshire, England
• * Harry Babbitt, American singer, lead vocalist for the Kay Kyser band during the Big Band era; in St. Louis

  November 3, 1913 (Monday)

• The United States Department of Justice filed an antitrust suit seeking to break up International Harvester.
• The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a Massachusetts law, providing for a tax on foreign corporations.
• The Kiev Conservatory was established by the Russian Musical Society.
• The opera Ulenspiegel by composer Walter Braunfels premiered at the Hoftheater in Stuttgart, Germany.
• The symphonic composition Falstaff, composed by Edward Elgar and based on the Shakespearean character, had its London premiere at Queen's Hall where it was well received by the public.
• Born:
• *Marika Rökk, Austrian-German singer and actress, leading actress for German Nazi films; as Marie Karoline Rökk, in Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt
• * Albert Cossery, Egyptian-born French writer, author of Men God Forgot; in Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt
• Died:
• *Sava Grujić, 72, Prime Minister of Serbia on four occasions between 1888 and 1906
• *Hans Bronsart von Schellendorff, 83, German composer, known for his collaborations with Franz Liszt

  November 4, 1913 (Tuesday)

• The first popular elections for the United States Senate were held. Previously, state legislatures elected their states' two members of the United States Senate. Some of the election results were as follows:
• * Democrat David I. Walsh was elected Governor of Massachusetts in a three-way race against Republican challenge Augustus Peabody Gardner and Charles S. Bird of the Progressive Party.
• * Democrat James Fairman Fielder was elected Governor of New Jersey in a three-way race against Republican challenger Edward C. Stokes and Everett Colby of the Progressive Party.
• * Democrat Henry Carter Stuart was elected Governor of Virginia by a landslide when the Republican Party failed to produce a candidate.
• * Senate elections were also held, most notably for Blair Lee who defeated Thomas Parran 112,000 to 71,000, or 56% of the vote, for Maryland's vacant senatorial seat.
• * Willard Bartlett was elected Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals.
• An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 killed 150 people in the Apurimac Region, Chile.
• At least 39 people were killed near Melun when the Marseille-Lyon-Paris express train collided with a local train.
• Born:
• *Gig Young, American film actor, recipient for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for They Shoot Horses, Don't They?; in St. Cloud, Minnesota
• *Paul Irniger, Swiss serial killer ; in Izerbash, Canton of Schwyz

  November 5, 1913 (Wednesday)

• Otto of Bavaria, known popularly as "Mad King Otto," was deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III, the last reigning King of Bavaria.
• The Los Angeles Aqueduct was dedicated near what is now Sylmar, California, before over 43,000 spectators, 25,000 of whom traveled by automobile to the site where waters of the Owens River flowed downhill from the Owens Valley. Chief engineer William Mulholland shouted, "There it is. Take it!" With an available source of water for its growing population, Los Angeles would become a major American metropolis, while the rural population in the Owens Valley would suffer from water shortages.
• A declaration between the Russian Empire and China recognized Mongolia as part of China but with internal autonomy. However, the declaration was not considered legitimate by Mongolia, since its government had not participated in the decision.
• China's President Yuan Shikai dissolved the Kuomintang, the largest political party in the National Assembly, with nearly 300 deputies having to resign.
• Federal troops repelled Pancho Villa and his forces from taking Chihuahua City, Mexico.
• Born:
• *Vivien Leigh, British stage and film actress, winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress for Gone With The Wind and for A Streetcar Named Desire, recipient of the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for Tovarich; as Vivian Mary Hartley, in Darjeeling, Bengal Province British India
• *Guy Green, British cinematographer, known for his work with David Lean including Oliver Twist, recipient of the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for Great Expectations; in Frome, Somerset, England
• *John McGiver, American film actor, known for film roles in Breakfast at Tiffany's and The Manchurian Candidate; in New York City

  November 6, 1913 (Thursday)

• Mohandas Gandhi was arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
• The "Zabern Affair" was started in Saverne, Alsace, when two local newspapers, Elsässer Anzeiger and Zaberner Anzeiger, ran articles concerning reports of disparaging remarks about Alsace residents, that had been made by 19-year-old Second Lieutenant Günter Freiherr von Forstner of the 2nd Upper Rhine Infantry Regiment No. 99 during a troop induction ceremony on October 28. Forstner reportedly told his soldiers, "If you are attacked, then make use of your weapon; if you stab such a Wackes in the process, then you'll get ten marks from me."
• All 3,000 members of the Indiana National Guard were activated by order of Governor Samuel M. Ralston and called to Indianapolis to preserve order during the streetcar strike. The walkout was settled the next day.
• Two major storm fronts converged on the western side of Lake Superior and grew into an extra-tropical cyclone. The storm - known as the 'White Hurricane' and eventually the Great Lakes Storm - created hurricane-force winds, massive waves and whiteout conditions.
• Born: Cho Ki-chon, North Korean poet, promoter of Korean literary nationalism through works including Mt. Paeketu; in Ael'tugeu, Vladivostok District, Russian Empire
• Died: William Henry Preece, 79, British engineer who developed wireless communication for the United Kingdom

  November 7, 1913 (Friday)

• More than 200 people were killed in an earthquake in Peru near Abancay.
• Warnings for the massive Great Lakes storm were first posted, as the U.S. Coast Guard stations and the United States Department of Agriculture's Weather Bureau offices at Lake Superior ports raised a vertical sequence of red, white, and red lanterns, indicating that a hurricane was coming.
• English theater producer Kenelm Foss premiered the play Magic by G. K. Chesterton at The Little Theatre in London.
• Born:
• *Albert Camus, French writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature for works including The Rebel and The Plague; in Mondovi, French Algeria
• *Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor, co-founder of the Canadian Portrait Academy; as Elizabeth Mary Bradford, in Hamilton, Ontario
• *Alekos Sakellarios, Greek film actor known for over 140 features including Woe to the Young; in Athens
• Died: Alfred Russel Wallace, 90, Welsh biologist, conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection independently of Charles Darwin