List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe


This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendants, and that diverged from their parent language in Europe.

Currently extinct

Language/dialectFamilyDate of extinctionRegionEthnic group
Aeolic GreekIndo-European300 BCAeolis, Boeotia, Lesbos, ThessalyAeolians
AequianIndo-European200s BCEast-central ItalyAequi
Akkala SámiUralic29 December 2003Southwest Kola PeninsulaAkkala Sámi
AlaveseBasque ÁlavaAlavese Basques
Ancient BelgianIndo-EuropeanNordwestblockBelgae
Ancient MacedonianIndo-European0–300s ADMacedoniaAncient Macedonians
Andalusi ArabicAfroasiatic1600s ADAl-AndalusAndalusi Muslims
Andalusi RomanceIndo-European1300s ADAl-AndalusMozarabs and Muladí
Antrim IrishIndo-European25 February 1983County AntrimIrish
Arcadocypriot GreekIndo-European300 BCArcadia and CyprusArcadocypriot Greeks
Armeno-KipchakTurkic1600 ADCrimeaCrimean Armenians
Army SlavicGermanCzech pidgin1918 ADAustria-HungaryAustro-Hungarian Army
Arran GaelicIndo-European1977 ADIsle of ArranArran Gaels
AuregnaisIndo-European1960s ADAlderneyChannel Islanders of Alderney
Basque–Icelandic pidginBasqueIcelandic pidgin1600s ADWestfjordsBasque whalers and Icelanders
Batz-sur-Mer BretonIndo-European1960sBatz-sur-MerBretons
BjarmianUralicearly 2nd millenniumNorthern DvinaBjarmia
Bohemian RomaniIndo-European1939–1945BohemiaBohemian Romani
BorgarmåletSwedishSámi pidgin1700s ADSwedish SápmiSwedes and Sámi
British LatinIndo-European700s ADRoman Britain; later Anglo-Saxon EnglandBritish Romans
BulgarTurkic1200s ADDanubian Bulgaria and Volga BulgariaBulgars
BuriIndo-Europeanwestern SlovakiaBuri tribe
BurgundianIndo-European500s ADKingdom of the BurgundiansBurgundians
CamunicUnclassified500–0s BCVal CamonicaCamunni
CapraieseIndo-European1900sCapraia IsolaCapraia people
CeltiberianIndo-European100s ADIberiaCeltiberians
CimmerianIndo-European620–580s BCNorth CaucasusCimmerians
Cisalpine GaulishIndo-European50s BCCisalpine GaulCisalpine Gauls
Community of Villages AragoneseIndo-EuropeanKingdom of AragonAragonese
Crimean GothicIndo-European1700s ADCrimeaCrimean Goths
CromartyIndo-European2 October 2012CromartyScots
CumanTurkic1770 ADCumania and HungaryCumans
CumbricIndo-European1100s ADCumbriaCumbrians
CuronianIndo-European1500s ADCourlandCuronians
DacianIndo-European500s ADDaciaDacians
DalmatianIndo-European10 June 1898DalmatiaDalmatians
DardanianIndo-EuropeanKingdom of DardaniaDardani
Deeside GaelicIndo-European18 March 1984AberdeenshireGaels of Aberdeenshire
East Sutherland GaelicIndo-European2020SutherlandGaels, Scottish people
Eastern NavarreseBasque 1991NavarreBasques
Ebro Valley AragoneseIndo-European1600s ADEbro ValleyAragonese
Eiderstedt FrisianIndo-Europeanmid-1800s ADEiderstedtEiderstedt Frisians
ElymianIndo-European500–0s BCWestern SicilyElymians
EteocretanUnclassified200s BCCreteEteocretans
EteocypriotUnclassified300s BCCyprusEteocypriots
EtruscanTyrsenian0s ADEtruriaEtruscans
FaliscanIndo-European100s BCNorthern LazioFalisci
FingallianIndo-European1840–1860sFingalFingallians
Franco-ItalianIndo-European1300s ADNorthern ItalyNorth Italian writers
GallaecianIndo-EuropeanGallaeciaGallaeci
Galwegian GaelicIndo-European1760 ADGallowayGalwegian Gaels
GaulishIndo-European500s ADGaulGauls
GelonianIndo-EuropeanGallaeciaVorskla
GepidianIndo-European600s ADKingdom of the GepidsGepids
GolyadIndo-European1100s ADProtva basinEastern Galindians
GothicIndo-European1700s ADThroughout EuropeGoths
Harlingerland FrisianIndo-European1700s ADHarlingerlandEast Frisians
HernicanIndo-European1000–0s BCSoutheast LatiumHernici
HerulianIndo-Europeanafter 500s ADMiddle DanubeHeruli
Hiberno-LatinIndo-European1100s ADIrelandIrish monks
HunnicUnclassified400s ADHunnic EmpireHuns
IazychieIndo-European1900sHalychyna, Bukovina, ZakarpattiaUkrainian and Carpatho-Rusyn Moskvophiles
IberianUnclassified0–500s ADIberiaIberians
IllyrianIndo-European100s ADIllyriaIllyrians
Istrian AlbanianIndo-European1800s ADIstriaIstrian Albanians
JassicIndo-European1400s ADJászságJász
Judaeo-AragoneseIndo-Europeanafter 1492 ADAragonAragonese Jews
Judaeo-CatalanIndo-Europeanafter 1492 ADCatalan CountriesCatalonian Jews
Judaeo-PiedmonteseIndo-EuropeanPiedmontPiedmontese Jews
Judaeo-PortugueseIndo-European1800–1820s ADPortugalPortuguese Jews
Judeo-GasconIndo-EuropeanGasconySpanish and Portuguese Jews
Judeo-LivorneseIndo-EuropeanAfter August 18, 1962LivornoLivornese Jews
Judeo-MantuanIndo-European20th centuryMantuaMantuan Jews
Judeo-ProvençalIndo-Europeanmid 20th-centuryProvenceProvençal Jews
Judeo-SalentinianIndo-EuropeanSalentoSalento Jews
Judeo-Sicilian GreekIndo-EuropeanSicilySicilian Jews
Judeo-VenetianIndo-European1900sVeniceVenetian Jews
Kainuu SámiUralic1700s ADKainuuKainuu Sámi
Karamanli TurkishTurkic1800sGreece, Bulgaria and North MacedoniaKaramanlides
Kemi SámiUralicby 1900sSouthern Finnish LaplandKemi Sámi
KhazarTurkic1100s ADKhazar KhaganateKhazars
Klezmer-loshnIndo-European1900sEastern EuropeKlezmorim
KnaanicIndo-European1600s ADCentral EuropeWest Slavic Jews
KraasnaUralic1935-1939 ADKrasnogorodskKraasna Estonians
KrevinianUralic1800s ADLatviaKreevins
LachoudischIndo-European2022 ADSchopflochJews of Bavaria
Laiuse RomaniMixed RomaniEstonian1940s ADLaiuseRomani of Laiuse
LanuvianIndo-European500s BCLanuviumLanuvians
Leinster IrishIndo-EuropeanLeinsterIrish of Leinster
LeivuUralic1988 ADGaujaGauja Estonians
LemnianTyrsenian400s BCLemnosLemnians
LeponticIndo-European0s BCCisalpine Gaul and RaetiaLepontii
LiburnianIndo-European200s BC-300s ADLiburniaLiburnians
LigurianUnclassified100s ADLiguriaLigures
Locrian GreekIndo-EuropeanLocrisLocrians
LombardicIndo-European800s ADPannonia and ItalyLombards
LotegorischIndo-EuropeanLeiningerlandJews of Rhineland-Palatinate
LudzaUralic2006 or 2014LatgaleLudza Estonians
LusitanianIndo-European100s ADLusitaniaLusitanians
MalkhNortheast CaucasianNorth CaucasusMalkh
MarsianIndo-European150s BCMarsicaMarsi
MarrucinianIndo-European200s BCChietiMarrucini
MeryaUralicby 1700s ADUpper Volga regionMeryans
MeshcheraUralic1500s ADMeshchera LowlandsMeshchera
MessapicIndo-European100s BCSalentoMessapians
MinoanUnclassified1450s BCCreteMinoans
Moselle RomanceIndo-European1000s ADThe MosellePeople along the Moselle
MuromianUralic900s ADOka basinMuromians
Mycenaean GreekIndo-European1200s BCMycenaean GreeceMycenaean Greeks
MysianIndo-European0s BCBalkansMysians
Navarrese RomanceIndo-European1600s ADKingdom of NavarreNavarrese
NoricIndo-European100s ADNoricumNorici
NornIndo-European1850 ADNorthern Isles and CaithnessNorse settlement of Northern Isles and Caithness
North PiceneUnclassified1000–0s BCNorth PicenumNorth Picentes
Northern ManxIndo-European1940s ADNorthern part of the Isle of ManNorthern Manx
OenotrianIndo-European400s BCSouthern ItalyOenotrians
Old NovgorodIndo-European1500s ADNovgorod RepublicNovgorodians
Old PrussianIndo-European1700s ADPrussiaOld Prussians
Old RiojanIndo-European1200s ADLa RiojaRiojans
Old South FrisianIndo-EuropeanGermany or Netherland?Old South Frisia
OscanIndo-European0s ADCampania and Latium adiectumOsci
PaduanIndo-European1600s ADPaduaPaduans
PaelignianIndo-European100s BCValle PelignaPaeligni
PaeonianIndo-EuropeanPaeoniaPaeonians
Paleo-CorsicanUnclassifiedCorsicaAncient Corsi
Paleo-SardinianUnclassified100s ADSardiniaNuragic peoples
Pamphylian GreekIndo-EuropeanPamphyliaPamphylians
Pannonian AvarUnclassified800s ADPannonian BasinPannonian Avars
Pannonian RomanceIndo-European1100s ADPannoniaLatin Pannonians
Pantellerian ArabicAfroasiatic1700s ADPantelleriaPantellerians
PechenegTurkic1100s ADEastern EuropePechenegs
PelasgianUnclassifiedAegean IslandsPelasgians
PhrygianIndo-Europeanafter 400 ADBalkansBryges
PictishIndo-European1000s ADNorthern ScotlandPicts
PolabianIndo-European3 October 1756 ADNortheastern GermanyPolabian Slavs
Pontic ScythianIndo-European0s BCScythiansPontic–Caspian steppe
Pomeranian BalticIndo-European1st millenium BCBaltic PomeraniaPomeranian Balts
PraenestinianIndo-European500s BCPalestrinaPraenestinians
Prague GermanIndo-Europeanafter 1945PraguePrague Germans
Pre-SamniteIndo-European500s BCCampaniaPre-Samnites
PunicAfroasiatic600s ADIberia, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic IslandsCarthaginians
RhaeticTyrsenian0s BCRaetiaRaeti
RotvælskIndo-European1900sDenmarkNatmændsfolk
RugianIndo-EuropeanLower AustriaRugii
RussenorskRussianNorwegian pidgin1900sNorthern NorwayPomors and Norwegians
SabineIndo-European300s-200s BCSabinaSabines
SabirRomance-based Pidgin1800s ADMediterranean BasinMedieval traders and Crusaders
Salaca LivonianUralic1868SalacaLivonians
SelonianIndo-European1500s ADSeloniaSelonians
SemigallianIndo-European1500s ADSemigalliaSemigallians
Shirvani ArabicAfroasiatic1850–1890s ADShirvanShirvani
SicanianUnclassifiedby 300s BCCentral SicilySicani
SiculianIndo-European300s BCEastern SicilySicels
SidiciniIndo-EuropeanSidicinumSidicini
SkalvianIndo-European1200s ADScaloviaSkalvians
SkirianIndo-EuropeanNorth of the Middle DanubeSciri
SlovincianIndo-European1900sNorthwestern KashubiaSlovincians
Solombala EnglishEnglishRussian pidgin1800s ADSolombala ShipyardEnglish and Russian traders
SorothapticIndo-European100s ADCatalan CountriesUrnfield culture
South PiceneIndo-European300s BCSouth PicenumSouth Picentes
Southern Goesharde FrisianIndo-European1981Southern GoeshardeFrisians of South Goesharde
SudovianIndo-European1500s ADYotvingiaYotvingians
SuebianIndo-European500s ADElbe basin and northwestern IberiaSuebi
TartessianUnclassified100s BCTartessosTartessians
ThracianIndo-European500s ADThraciaThracians
Traveller DanishMixed DanishRomaniearly 20th centuryDenmarkRomani
UbykhNorthwest Caucasian7 October 1992UbykhiaUbykh
UmbrianIndo-European0s BCUmbriaUmbri
Upgant FrisianIndo-Europeanmid-1600sUpgant-SchottFrisians of Upgant-Schott
Valencian AragoneseIndo-European1400s ADKingdom of ValenciaValencians
VandalicIndo-European500s ADVandal kingdomsVandals
Värmland SavonianUralic1969 ADVärmlandForest Finns
VeneticIndo-European0s BCVenetoAdriatic Veneti
VestinianIndo-European100s BCAbruzzoVestini
VolscianIndo-European200s BCVolsciaVolsci
Wangerooge FrisianIndo-European22 November 1950WangeroogeWangerooge Frisians
Welsh RomaniIndo-European1950 ADWalesRomani
West GalindianIndo-European1300s ADPrussiaWestern Galindians
Wursten FrisianIndo-European1810–1830s ADLand WurstenFrisians of Land Wursten
YolaIndo-European1800s ADForth and BargyIrish of Forth and Bargy
ZarphaticIndo-European1300s ADNorthern France and western GermanyFrench Jews

Formerly extinct

Language/dialectFamilyDate of extinctionDate of revivalRegionEthnic group
CornishIndo-European1700s AD1900sCornwallCornish people
LivonianUralic2 June 20132020Livonian CoastLivonians
ManxIndo-European27 December 19741970sIsle of ManManx people