Minoan language

The Minoan language is the language of the ancient Minoan civilization of Crete written in the Cretan hieroglyphs and later in the Linear A syllabary. As the Cretan hieroglyphs are undeciphered and Linear A only partly deciphered, the Minoan language is unknown and unclassified. With the existing evidence, it is even impossible to be certain that the two scripts record the same language.
The Eteocretan language, attested in a few alphabetic inscriptions from Crete 1,000 years later, is possibly a descendant of Minoan, but is also unclassified.

Classification

Minoan is an unclassified language, or perhaps multiple indeterminate languages written in the same script. It has been compared inconclusively to the Indo-European, Semitic and Tyrsenian language families and is a language isolate.

Attestation

Minoan is mainly known from the inscriptions in Linear A, which are fairly legible by comparison with Linear B. The Cretan hieroglyphs are dated from the first half of the 2nd millennium BC. The Linear A texts, mostly written in clay tablets, are spread all over Crete with more than 40 localities on the island.

The Egyptian texts

From the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt come four texts containing names and spells in the language of Keftiu. They are, as usual in non-Egyptian texts, written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, which has allowed the pronunciation of those names and spells to be reconstructed.

Magic Papyrus Harris ; Beg. 18th Dynasty: a spell in the Keftiu language
Writing board ; early 18th Dynasty: school blackboard with Keftiu names
London Medical Papyrus ; end of the 18th Dynasty: Two Spells Against Disease
: some Cretan place names.

Phonology

On the basis of these texts, the phonetic system of the Keftiu language has been reconstructed as having the following consonants:

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal
Stop
Fricative
Trill
Approximant

Syntax

Brent Davis, a linguist and archaeologist at the University of Melbourne, has proposed that the basic word order of the language written in Linear A may be Verb–subject–object [word order|verb-subject-object], based on the properties of a common formulaic sequence found in Linear A. Object–verb–subject word order has also been proposed.