Golyad language
Golyad or East Galindian is a poorly attested extinct Baltic language of the Dnieper Balts living in the Protva basin in present-day Russia. The Golyad people are believed to have descended from the Moshchiny culture and is the only known ethnonym for the Dnieper-Oka language. Due to there being no known written documents of the Golyad language, the language is poorly known. The language went extinct in the 12th century due to Early Slavic migration and assimilation. It is believed the vernaculars of the Finno-Ugrians and Volga Finns adopted loanwords from East Galindian.
Phonology
Based on Baltic substratum and hydronomy in the Protva basin, the following phonology can be reconstructed:Consonants
Vowels
Lexicon
There are some Russian dialectal words from the Protva basin region suspected to be of Baltic origin:| Russian | Transliteration | Translation | Proposed Baltic cognates |
| алáня | alánja | 'beer' | 'special type of beer',, |
| кромсáть | kromsát' | 'to break something into pieces' | , |
| нóрот | nórot | 'fishing gear' | , 'to sink' |
| пикýлька | pikúl'ka | 'type of weed' | 'sisymbrium' |
It is believed that the hydronyms "Lama", "Yauza", "Nudol" and "Churilikha" have Baltic origins. Specifically, the Churilikha's name has origins in the Lithuanian word for narrow and other names for the Churilikha such as Goledyanka have origins from the Golyad themselves. It is also believed that the name of the two villages of Golyadi has their names originate from the Golyads.