List of earthquakes in Japan


This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter scale or the moment magnitude scale, or the surface wave magnitude scale for very old earthquakes. The present list is not exhaustive, and furthermore reliable and precise magnitude data is scarce for earthquakes that occurred before the development of modern measuring instruments.

History

Although there is mention of an earthquake in Yamato in what is now Nara Prefecture on August 23, 416, the first earthquake to be reliably documented took place in Nara prefecture on May 28, 599 during the reign of Empress Suiko, destroying buildings throughout Yamato province. Many historical records of Japanese earthquakes exist. The Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee was created in 1892 to conduct a systematic collation of the available historical data, published in 1899 as the Catalogue of Historical Data on Japanese Earthquakes.
Following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee was superseded by the Earthquake Research Institute in 1925. In modern times, the catalogues compiled by are considered to provide the most authoritative source of information on historic earthquakes, with the 2003 edition detailing 486 that took place between 416 and 1888.

Earthquake measurement

In Japan, the Shindo scale is commonly used to measure earthquakes by seismic intensity instead of magnitude. This is similar to the Modified Mercalli intensity scale used in the United States, the Liedu scale used in China or the European Macroseismic Scale, meaning that the scale measures the intensity of an earthquake at a given location instead of measuring an energy source an earthquake releases at its epicenter as the Richter scale does.
Unlike other seismic intensity scales, which normally have twelve levels of intensity, shindo as used by the Japan Meteorological Agency is a unit with ten levels, ranging from shindo zero, a very light tremor, to shindo seven, a severe earthquake. Intermediate levels for earthquakes with shindo five and six are "weak" or "strong", according to the degree of destruction they cause. Earthquakes measured at shindo four and lower are considered to be weak to mild, while those measured at five and above can cause heavy damage to furniture, wall tiles, wooden houses, reinforced concrete buildings, roads, gas and water pipes.

List

Date and timeMagnitudeFatalitiesName of quakeName in Kanji Rōmaji nameEpicenterDescription

8.4 MK 101–1,000684 Hakuhō earthquake白鳳南海地震Hakuhou Nankai jishinlink between earthquakes and tsunamis first confirmed

7.9 MK occurred in Mino Province天平地震Tenpyō jishin

8.9 MK1,000+869 Jōgan earthquake貞観地震Jōgan jishinTsunami flooded Sendai plain

7.8 1,0001026 Manju tsunami万寿地震Manju jishinTsunami flooded Iwami Province

7.1 Ms23,0241293 Kamakura earthquake鎌倉大地震Kamakura Daijishin, near Kamakura, Kanagawa

8.4 Ms1361 Shōhei earthquake正平南海地震Shōhei Nankai JishinTriggered tsunami

8.6 MK31,0001498 Meiō earthquake明応地震Meiō jishin-
7.9 MK1586 Tenshō earthquake天正大地震Tenshō DaijishinIslands in Ise Bay reportedly disappeared
7.9 MK5,000+1605 Keichō earthquake慶長大地震Keichō DaijishinMay have been two separate earthquakes; tsunami greatly exceeded that expected from the magnitude of the earthquake
6.9 MK3,700+ 1611 Aizu earthquake会津地震Aizu JishinAizu basin, Fukushima Prefecture
8.12,000+1611 Sanriku earthquake慶長三陸地震Keichō Sanriku Jishin, Iwate Prefecture
8.5–9.0 Munknown17th-century earthquake寛文十勝沖地震 kanbun Tokachi-oki jishinOffshore Tokachi regioninferred from tsunami deposits. The exact age is uncertain.
7.25 – 7.6 M700–9001662 Kanbun earthquake寛文近江・若狭地震kanbun Ōmi wakasa jishinsouth of Lake Biwa
7.9 2001662 Hyūga-nada earthquake外所地震Dondokoro JishinOffshore of Kyushu
8.3–8.6 ' 5691677 Bōsō earthquake延宝房総沖地震Enpō Bōsō-oki JishinOffshore Bōsō Peninsula
8.0 ML 5,2331703 Genroku earthquake元禄大地震Genroku DaijishinEdo
8.6 ML5,000+1707 Hōei earthquake宝永地震Hōei jishinOff the Kii Peninsuladamaged Honshu, Shikoku and Kyūshū; last eruption of Mount Fuji
7.4 MK13,4861771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami八重山地震Yaeyama jishin, Yaeyama IslandsTsunami over
6.4 MK15,4481792 Unzen landslide and tsunami島原大変肥後迷惑Unzen jishin
An earthquake caused by volcanic activity of Mount Unzen. It killed 15,000 people altogether, due in large part to a tsunami that was triggered by the collapse of nearby Mount Mayuyama's southern flank into the bay. The incident is also referred to with the phrase 'Shimabara erupted, Higo affected', as many people in Higo, were also killed by the resulting tsunami, which then bounced back to hit Shimabara again.
6.9 MK1,559 1828 Sanjō earthquake三条地震Sanjō JishinSanjo, Niigata Prefecture According to the official confirmed report, 21,134 houses and buildings were damaged, and 1,204 of them burned down. There were 1,559 human fatalities, and 2,666 injured people in the affected area.
7.5 MJMA1501833 Shōnai earthquake庄内沖地震Shōnai-oki JishinShōnai, Yamagata PrefectureDestructive tsunami, one of the largest tsunamis in the Sea of Japan.
8.0 ' 911843 Tokachi earthquake天保十勝沖地震Tenpō Tokachi-oki JishinMinor damage from shaking but many buildings swept away by the tsunami. 45 people died at Akkeshi on Hokkaido and a further 46 at Taro on the Sanriku coast of Honshu.
7.3 M8,600+1847 Zenkoji earthquake善光寺地震Zenkōji JishinNagano Basin In the central area of Nagano, many buildings collapsed, including Zenkōji temple. The earthquake triggered a complex variety of resulting disasters, which included fires, landslides, and flooding due to the formation and subsequent collapse of a "dam" made of debris from the collapsed buildings. According to the confirmed official report, the death toll throughout the region reached at least 8,600. 21,000 houses were damaged and 3,400 burned, and an additional 44,000 homes were damaged by the landslides in the area.
7.25 MK995 1854 Iga–Ueno earthquake伊賀上野地震Iga Ueno JishinIga, Mie Prefecture According to the official confirmed report, 2,576 houses and buildings were damaged, with 995 human fatalities and 994 injures in the affected area.
8.4 MK2,000 1854 Tōkai earthquake安政東海地震Ansei Tōkai JishinSuruga Bay
8.4 MK10,000+1854 Nankai earthquake安政南海地震Ansei Nankai JishinNankai TroughOver 10,000 people from the Tōkai region down to Kyushu were killed.
6.9 MK6,6411855 Edo earthquake安政江戸地震Ansei Edo JishinEdo, near the mouth of the Arakawa River
7.0200–3001858 Hietsu earthquake飛越地震Hietsu JishinAtotsugawa Fault
7.1 MK551 1872 Hamada earthquake浜田地震Hamada Jishinoff coast Hamada, Shimane PrefectureAccording to the official confirmed report, 4506 houses were damaged by the earthquake, 230 houses were burned, 551 people were killed, and landslides destroyed 6567 homes in the affected area. This quake occurred at 16:40 local time.
5.5–6.001880 Yokohama earthquake横浜地震Yokohama JishinYokohama CityThe damage was minor. However, the Seismological Society of Japan was established in response to the quake.
6.3201889 Kumamoto earthquake熊本地震Kumamoto JishinTatsuda faultFirst major earthquake after the establishment of the Seismological Society of Japan in 1880.
8.0 ML7,2731891 Mino–Owari earthquake濃尾地震Nōbi JishinNeodani Fault
6.6 ML311894 Tokyo earthquake明治東京地震Meiji-Tokyo JishinTokyo BayThe death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.
7.0 ML726 1894 Shōnai earthquake庄内地震Shōnai JishinSakata, Yamagata PrefectureAccording to the official confirmed report, 14,118 houses and buildings were damaged and 2,148 were burned. There were 726 human fatalities and 8,403 people injured in the damaged area. A large-scale fire broke out in Sakata, and around the Shonai plain area, many instances of cracked earth, sinking ground, sand boils, and fountains were observed.
8.5 ML22,000+1896 Sanriku earthquake明治三陸地震Meiji Sanriku Jishin This quake occurred off the coast of Sanriku in Iwate Prefecture, which caused a tsunami of to strike 35 minutes after the quake, destroying hundreds of houses and killed over 22,000 people. Tsunami were also observed as far away as Hawaii and in California.
8.3 ML 142,8001923 Great Kantō earthquake大正関東地震
Taishō Kantō Jishin
Izu Ōshima
6.8 ML4281925 North Tajima earthquake北但馬地震Kita Tajima JishinToyooka in Hyōgo Prefecture According to the Japanese government's official report, there were 428 human fatalities, 1,016 people injured, 7,863 buildings destroyed, and 45,659 houses damaged by collapse or fire. This quake caused extensive damage to the town of Toyooka and the Maruyama River area. Just before the shaking could be felt, a sound like a cannon was reportedly heard intermittently from the direction of the estuary near the Maruyama River. During the earthquake, the ground in the town of Tokyooka experienced strong seismic vibrations for 16 seconds. As most of the buildings of the time were wooden, many of them were destroyed at once during the initial earthquake. In the fire that broke out subsequently, half of Toyooka was burned down, with many deaths resulting 272 deaths were confirmed to have occurred in the Kinosaki area.
7.6 ML3,0201927 North Tango earthquake北丹後地震Kita Tango JishinTango Peninsula in Kyoto PrefectureAlmost all of the houses in Mineyama were destroyed, and the quake was felt as far away as Tokyo and Kagoshima.
7.3 Ms2721930 North Izu earthquake1930年北伊豆地震Sen-kyūhyaku-sanjū-nen Kita-Izu JishinIzu Peninsula
8.4 Mw3,000+1933 Sanriku earthquake昭和三陸地震Shōwa Sanriku Jishin east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate
7.2 Ms01936 Miyagi earthquake1936年宮城県沖地震Sen-kyūhyaku-sanjūroku-nen Miyagi-ken-oki Jishinoffshore Miyagi
7.5 Mw101940 Shakotan earthquake1940積丹半島沖地震Sen-kyūhyaku-yonjū-nen Shakotan-oki Jishinoffshore Hokkaido
7.2 ML1,0831943 Tottori earthquake鳥取地震Tottori Jishinoffshore from Ketaka District
8.1 Mw1,2231944 Tōnankai earthquake昭和東南海地震Shōwa Tōnankai JishinThis earthquake occurred on Dec. 7, 1944, at 13:35 local time. Its moment magnitude was 8.1 and it was felt with a maximum intensity of 5 on the Shindo scale. It struck the provinces along the coast of the Tōkai region, causing serious damage and triggering a tsunami. The earthquake and tsunami combined killed 1,223 people, with injuries reported to have affected 20,000 people or more.
6.8 ML1,180 + 1,126 missing1945 Mikawa earthquake三河地震Mikawa JishinMikawa BayAn earthquake which occurred off Mie and Aichi prefectures, Japan at 03:38 on January 13, 1945.
8.1 Mw1,3621946 Nankai earthquake昭和南海地震Shōwa Nankai JishinNankai TroughA major earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan. Occurred on December 20, 1946, at 19:19 UTC. The earthquake was felt from Northern Honshū to Kyūshū.
7.1 Mw3,7691948 Fukui earthquake福井地震Fukui Jishinnear Maruoka, Fukui A major earthquake in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It struck at 5:13 p.m. on June 28, 1948.
8.1 Mw281952 Hokkaido earthquake1952年十勝沖地震Sen-kyūhyaku-goūjūni-nen Tokachi-oki JishinThe 1952 Hokkaido earthquake took place around March 4, 1952 in the sea east of Hokkaido. On the Moment magnitude scale, it measured 8.1. Casualties occurred due to the earthquake.
7.081961 North Mino earthquake北美濃地震Kitamino JishinOne of the earthquakes that the Japan Meteorological Agency named for the. 8 people dead.
7.6 Mw261964 Niigata earthquake新潟地震Niigata Jishin50 km north of NiigataThe earthquake caused widespread soil liquefaction in the city of Niigata, resulting in unusually high levels of damage to buildings for the felt intensity.
7.5 Mw01968 Hyūga-nada earthquake1968年日向灘地震Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Hyūga-nada JishinHyūga-nada Sea
8.2 Mw521968 Tokachi earthquake1968年十勝沖地震Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Tokachi-oki JishinOffshore of Misawa, JapanThis earthquake struck off the coast of Honshu Island, near Misawa Japan, Aomori Prefecture, and was followed by a significant tsunami. The earthquake and ensuing tsunami claimed 52 lives and resulted in significant material damage in Northern Japan.
7.8 Mw01973 Nemuro earthquake1973根室半島沖地震Sen-kyūhyaku-nanajūsan-nen Nemurohantō-oki Jishinnear Nemuro Peninsula
6.5 Ms251974 Izu Peninsula earthquake1974年伊豆半島沖地震Sen-kyūhyaku-nanajūyo-nen Izu-hantō-oki Jishinnear Izu Peninsula
7.7 Ms281978 Miyagi earthquake宮城県沖地震Miyagi-ken-oki jishinjust offshore Miyagi PrefectureDamage was greatest around Sendai, and the earthquake triggered widespread landslides.
7.8 Ms1041983 Sea of Japan earthquake日本海中部地震Nihonkai-chubu jishinoff coast 50 miles from Noshiro, Akita PrefectureRising up to above the coastline, the tsunami created by this earthquake was observed throughout a wide area along the Sea of Japan's coast and caused damage from Tsuruoka to Goshogawara. 100 people lost their lives to the tsunami, including seawall construction workers and beachgoers. In total, 104 people were killed. Soil liquification was widely observed through the affected area.
6.3 Ms291984 Nagano earthquake長野県西部地震Nagano-ken-seibu jishinMount Ontake, Otaki, Nagano PrefectureOverall, 29 people were killed and 10 injured.
6.7 Mw21987 Chiba earthquake千葉県東方沖地震Chiba-ken Tōhō-oki jishin2 people killed and 146 injured.
7.6 21993 Kushiro earthquake釧路沖地震Kushiro-Oki Jishin
7.7 Mw 2021993 Hokkaidō earthquake北海道南西沖地震Hokkaidō Nansei Oki Jishin
7.7 Mw31994 offshore Sanriku earthquake三陸はるか沖地震Sanriku-haruka-oki Jishin
7.3 Mj6,434Great Hanshin earthquake兵庫県南部地震
Hyōgoken Nanbu Jishin
northern end of Awaji Island An earthquake in Japan that occurred on Tuesday January 17, 1995 at 05:46 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It measured 6.8 on the Moment magnitude scale, and Mj7.3 on the revised JMA magnitude scale. The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The hypocenter of the earthquake was located beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, away from the city of Kobe.
7.5 Mw01998 Ryukyu Islands earthquake石垣島南方沖地震Ishigakijima nanpō-oki jishinThe epicentre was in the Philippine Sea, far off the coast.
6.7 Mw22001 Geiyo earthquake2001年芸予地震Nisen-ichi-nen Gēyo Jishin
8.3 Mw12003 Tokachi earthquake2003年十勝沖地震Nisen-san-nen Tokachi-oki JishinAn earthquake occurring in Hokkaido on September 25, 2003. It measured 8.3 on the Moment magnitude scale and caused extensive damage to roads all around Hokkaido, several power outages, and landslides which resulted in further damage.
6.6 Mw682004 Chūetsu earthquake新潟県中越地震Chūetsu JishinOjiya, NiigataOccurred at 5:56 p.m. on Saturday, October 23, 2004. The initial earthquake caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshū, including parts of the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Chūbu, and Kantō regions.
7.0 Mw12005 Fukuoka earthquake福岡県西方沖地震Fukuoka-ken Seihō Oki JishinFukuoka PrefectureIn the Genkai Sea about northwest of Genkai Island at the mouth of Fukuoka HarborThis earthquake struck Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan at 10:53:40 JST on March 20 and lasted for approximately 50 seconds.
7.2 Mw02005 Miyagi earthquake宮城県沖地震Miyagi-ken Oki JishinMiyagi Prefectureabout due east of the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture
8.3 Mw02006 Kuril Islands earthquake2006年千島列島沖地震Nisen-roku-nen Chishima Rettō Oki JishinKuril Islands about due east of the southern tip of Simushir in the Kuril IslandsThe earthquake happened at 20:29 JST on November 15, 2006, causing a tsunami to hit the Japanese northern coast.
8.1 Mw02007 Kuril Islands earthquake2007年千島列島沖地震Nisen-nana-nen Chishima Rettō Oki JishinThe earthquake happened at 1:23 p.m. JST was a powerful magnitude 6.6 earthquake that occurred 10:13 a.m. local time on July 16, 2007, in the northwest Niigata region of Japan. Eleven deaths and at least 1,000 injuries have been reported, and 342 buildings were completely destroyed, mostly older wooden structures.
6.9 Mw122008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake岩手・宮城内陸地震Iwate Miyagi Nairiku JishinIwate Prefectureabout east of Narusawa Onsen in northwest Iwate PrefectureThis earthquake struck the central Tōhoku region, in northeastern Honshū, Japan.
6.6 Mw12009 Shizuoka earthquake駿河湾地震Suruga-wan Jishin, depth 20.0 km
7.0 Mw1Ryūkyū Islands earthquake沖縄本島近海地震Okinawa-hontō-kinkai Jishin, depth 22.0 km
7.4 Mw0Bonin Islands earthquake父島近海地震Chichijima-kinkai Jishin, depth 14.9 km
7.2 Mw02011 Tōhoku earthquake foreshock東北地方太平洋沖地震
Tōhokuchihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin
, depth 32 km

05:46:23 UTC
9.1 Mw
2011 Tōhoku earthquake東北地方太平洋沖地震
Tōhokuchihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin
, depth 29 km
This megathrust earthquake's hypocenter was reported to be off the Oshika Peninsula, the east coast of Tōhoku It was the strongest to hit Japan and one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world since seismological record-keeping began. It was followed by a tsunami with waves of up to along the Sanriku coast. The disaster left thousands dead and inflicted extensive material damage to buildings and infrastructure that led to significant accidents at four major nuclear power stations.

06:25:50 UTC
7.1 Mw02011 Tōhoku earthquake aftershock東北地方太平洋沖地震
Tōhokuchihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin
, depth 19.7 km

23:32:44 JST
7.1 Mw4April 2011 Miyagi earthquake宮城県沖地震Miyagi-ken Oki Jishin, depth 49 km

17:16:13 JST
6.6 Mw6April 2011 Fukushima earthquake福島県浜通り地震Fukushima-ken Hamadori Jishin, depth 10 km

10:57:12 JST
7.0 Mw02011 Tōhoku earthquake aftershock福島県浜通り地震Fukushima-ken Hamadori Jishin, depth 49 kmQuake was centered c. 242 km SW of Hachijo-jima

14:27:54 JST
6.8 Mw0Izu Islands, Japan鳥島近海地震Torishima-kinkai Jishin, depth 348.5 km242 km SW of Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, Japan 365 km S of Hamamatsu, Honshu, Japan

17:18:24 JST
7.3 Mw32012 Sanriku earthquake三陸沖地震Sanriku Oki Jishin, depth 32.0 km293 km SE of Kamaishi, Japan
492 km ENE of Tokyo, Japan

02:10:19 JST
7.1 Mw0Off the east coast of Honshu福島県沖地震Fukushima-ken oki jishin, 35.0 km depth


22:08:18 JST
6.2 Mw
6.7 MJMA
02014 Nagano earthquake長野県地震Nagano-ken jishin
9.0 km depth
The earthquake injured 41 people and affected the entire Chubu region. The quake also generated many surface ruptures, mostly near Hakuba Village.

20:23:02 JST
7.8 Mw02015 Ogasawara earthquake小笠原諸島西方沖地震Ogasawara-shoto Seihō-Oki Jishin, depth 677.6 km WNW of Chichijima, Japan

21:26:39 JST
6.2 Mw92016 Kumamoto earthquakes平成28年(2016年)熊本地震Heisei-28-nen Kumamoto jishindepth 10.0 km7 km SW of Ueki, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

01:25:06 JST
7.0 Mw2732016 Kumamoto earthquakes平成28年(2016年)熊本地震Heisei-28-nen Kumamoto jishin, depth 10.0 km1 km E of Kumamoto, Japan

05:59:49 JST
6.9 Mw02016 Fukushima earthquake福島県沖地震Fukushima-ken oki jishin, 11.4 km depth37 km ESE of Namie, Fukushima

07:58:35 JST
5.5 Mw42018 Osaka earthquake大阪府北部地震Ōsaka-fu Hokubu Jishin, 13.2 km depth2 km NNW of Hirakata, Osaka

03:07:59 JST
6.6 Mw412018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake北海道胆振東部地震Hokkaido Iburi Tōbu Jishin, 33.4 km depth27 km E of Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan

22:22:19 JST
6.4 Mw02019 Yamagata earthquake山形県沖地震Yamagata-ken Oki jishin, 16.1 km depth33 km WSW of Tsuruoka

23:07:49 JST
7.1 Mw12021 Fukushima earthquake福島県沖地震Fukushima-ken Oki Jishin 55 km depth2 km ENE of Ishinomaki

18:09:45 JST
7.0 Mw0March 2021 Miyagi earthquake宮城県沖地震Miyagi-ken Oki Jishin
54 km depth
27 km ENE of Ishinomaki

22:41:24 JST
5.9 MW02021 Chiba earthquake千葉県北西部地震Chiba-ken Hokuseibu Jishin
80 km depth
4 km SW of Chiba

23:36:30 JST
7.3 MW42022 Fukushima earthquake福島県沖地震Fukushima-ken-Oki Jishin
63.1 km depth
57 km ENE of Namie

14:42:04 JST
6.2 Mw12023 Noto earthquake奥能登地震Notohanto-Oki jishin
8.7 km depth
49 km NE of Anamizu

16:10:09 JST
7.5 Mw6162024 Noto earthquake令和6年(2024年)能登半島地震Reiwa 6-nen Notohanto Jishin
10.0 km depth
42 km NE of Anamizu

16:42:55 JST
7.1 Mw02024 Hyūga-nada earthquake日向灘地震Hyūga-nada Jishin
25.0 km depth
25 km NE of Nichinan
December 8, 20257.6 Mw02025 Aomori earthquake青森県東方沖地震Aomori-ken Tōhō-Oki Jishin
44.1 km depth
74.5 km ENE of Misawa